3000-word mechanical paper reference model essay 1
Analysis on maintenance management of construction machinery
With the continuous expansion of the scale of highway, railway and municipal engineering construction in China, construction machinery plays an increasingly important role in engineering construction. However, the performance of construction machinery is restricted by various factors during its use. Only by doing a good job in the management and maintenance of construction machinery can we give full play to its efficiency, achieve safe, high-quality, balanced, efficient and low-consumption construction and production tasks, and be conducive to improving the economic benefits of enterprises. This paper deeply analyzes the main problems existing in the current management and maintenance of construction machinery, puts forward effective solutions on how to do well the management and maintenance of construction machinery, and summarizes the management and maintenance requirements of construction machinery.
Keywords: construction machinery management and maintenance
With the continuous improvement of mechanization of engineering construction, construction machinery has become an important productivity of construction enterprises. The wide application of various construction machinery not only speeds up the construction progress, but also improves the construction quality. However, in the process of using construction machinery, it is influenced by various factors, which restricts the performance of construction machinery. At present, one of the main problems is how to manage and maintain construction machinery, prevent faults, keep machinery and equipment in good condition and give full play to equipment efficiency. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to do a good job in the maintenance and management of mechanical equipment in construction enterprises and correctly analyze and solve various contradictions in the management process, so as to improve the level of equipment management and maintenance, improve work efficiency and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, the author puts forward his own opinions on the management and maintenance of construction machinery according to his own work practice.
1, the main problems of construction machinery management and maintenance work
1. 1 The use of mechanical equipment is not standardized.
Because some operators know little about construction technology and equipment use, especially short-term employees have low technical quality and do not pay attention to specific construction conditions and operation methods, so mechanical equipment has been overloaded or overloaded. What's wrong with you? Working status, even illegal operation, etc. , thus accelerating the wear and aging of mechanical equipment. In addition, after the completion of the project, the equipment cannot be carefully maintained. After the mechanical equipment is deployed to a new project, it often breaks down, which not only takes a lot of energy and high cost to transform, but also seriously delays the normal construction period.
1.2 Weak mechanical equipment management.
In the process of construction, engineering projects are often multifaceted, and mechanical equipment and personnel are frequently mobilized. The management department blindly simplifies the management organization and personnel of mechanical equipment, or merges its functions into other departments, which leads to the disconnection between management and operation, resulting in the weak management power of mechanical equipment in construction enterprises. A considerable number of construction enterprises have not formed a complete and strict mechanical equipment management system, and the mechanical equipment ledger and technical data file management system are not perfect, resulting in confusion in mechanical equipment management and seriously affecting the normal construction of the project.
1.3 ignoring the upgrading of mechanical equipment.
At present, some construction enterprises do not pay enough attention to the failure and aging of mechanical equipment, and the upgrading of mechanical equipment is slow. Some managers only pay attention to short-term economic benefits and covet convenience, regardless of the overall performance of mechanical equipment. Rob Peter to pay Paul? In practice, even in violation of the relevant provisions of the state, worn-out machinery and scrapped machinery continue to be used, resulting in a greatly increased mechanical failure rate.
It not only poses a safety threat to the construction personnel, but also causes the overall construction efficiency to be low, the overall construction cost to increase, and the competitiveness of the enterprise to decline, which ultimately affects the development of the whole enterprise.
1.4 Mechanical equipment maintenance is not in place.
Construction enterprises often pay attention to the use and management of equipment rather than maintenance, and operators only pay attention to the use and cannot deal with the problems in time; In addition, when mechanical equipment breaks down and needs maintenance, many maintenance personnel have a weak sense of responsibility, which leads to the continuous expansion and development of equipment failures. When problems occur, operators and maintenance personnel often shirk their responsibilities and fail to realize the importance of the problems. This not only affects the quality and progress of construction, but also increases the maintenance cost and operation cost, resulting in a decrease in the service life and safety of mechanical equipment.
2. Countermeasures for management and maintenance of construction machinery in construction enterprises
Only by doing a good job in mechanical management and maintenance of construction enterprises can we improve the equipment management and maintenance level and work efficiency of enterprises, thus further improving the benefits of enterprises. Mainly from the following aspects to strengthen the maintenance and management of machinery.
2. 1 Improve the mechanical management system and standardize the mechanical management.
Establish? Customer-centric? 、? All for the project? And then what? Take customer satisfaction as the goal? The concept of. To do a good job in machinery management, we should not only establish and improve the corresponding management institutions, but also establish and improve the machinery management system, strengthen the unified management of machinery, establish detailed mechanical technical files, and organize regular inspections. Technical files should be kept by special personnel. In addition, the performance system should be implemented to give full play to the enthusiasm of machinery management, operation and maintenance personnel, and at the same time, the service quality standard should be closely combined with the performance of machinery operators, maintenance personnel and management personnel and the assessment of the project department to promote the continuous improvement of machinery management.
2.2 Strictly implement the machinery maintenance system to ensure the normal operation of machinery.
Rational use of mechanical equipment is to maximize its potential, which is the demand of construction enterprises, and maintenance is the necessary prerequisite for maximizing mechanical benefits. If you want to use the machinery well, you must first maintain it well. On the other hand, the purpose of maintaining machinery is to make good use of it. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly implement the daily maintenance and regular maintenance system of machinery, and establish a reward and punishment mechanism, which will include the technical status, maintenance, safe operation and consumption cost of machinery, so as to strengthen the sense of responsibility of the operators, mobilize their enthusiasm and enthusiasm for work, ensure the normal operation of machinery, prolong the service life of machinery and reduce maintenance costs.
2.3 Strengthen the training of mechanical technology and strengthen the technical quality of professional teams.
For construction enterprises, strengthening the training of mechanical technology and using and maintaining machinery scientifically and reasonably is the best way to ensure the return on investment of machinery, and it is also an effective way to preserve and increase the value of state-owned assets. With the continuous development of modern science and technology, machinery is constantly upgrading, and the technical content is getting higher and higher. This requires our operators and maintenance personnel to constantly strengthen their study and learn new knowledge and technology to adapt to the pace of the times and use and maintain machinery scientifically. Through mechanical technology training, select and train a group of professionals who understand technology to meet the future development needs of enterprises.
2.4 Implement mechanical upgrading or transformation to create more benefits for enterprises.
The quality of machinery directly affects the construction efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, as an enterprise, we should consider the long-term interests, not only the immediate interests, but also strictly implement the machinery scrapping standards and do a good job in machinery upgrading.
In this process, we must follow the principle of mechanical upgrading. Through inspection, we should resolutely update the mechanical equipment that is seriously worn, idle for a long time, backward in technical performance, high in energy consumption, low in efficiency and high in maintenance costs, and can no longer meet the use requirements and safety requirements, so as to ensure the construction quality and safety. Only in this way can we ensure the good condition of machinery and equipment, achieve greater economic benefits in project construction, enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and lay a solid foundation for the development of enterprises.
3. Conclusion
The management and maintenance of mechanical equipment is a systematic project. It is necessary to strengthen the effective management of machinery and equipment, coordinate with each other, actively study, explore and adopt advanced management and maintenance methods under the guidance of science, and gradually make the management and maintenance of machinery and equipment on a scientific, standardized and institutionalized track.
refer to
Liu Hao, Liu Xiaobo. Management and Maintenance of Construction Machinery [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2007, (30).
[2] Lu Yingjun. On the management and maintenance of construction machinery [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2008, (20).
[3] Ma Jie. Suggestions on strengthening the management and maintenance of construction machinery [J]. Science and technology for development, 2009, (12).
Reference model of 3000-word mechanical papers Part II
On Capital Operation of Domestic Construction Machinery Enterprises
According to the development of domestic construction machinery industry in recent three years, and drawing lessons from the successful experience of capital operation of Liugong enterprise, this paper probes into the matters needing attention in merger and acquisition.
Keywords: capital operation, acquisition and merger of construction machinery
introduce
China is a big country with good prospects for the production, manufacture and development of construction machinery. At the same time, China is the largest construction machinery market in the world. All kinds of construction machinery products have many varieties, large quantity and sufficient supply, and all kinds of products, large and small, have market demand.
In addition, the sales revenue of China construction machinery industry is small, and the total production and sales in the first seven or eight years just reached 654.38+000 billion yuan, which was not enough to reach the threshold of the top 500 construction machinery industries in the world at that time. Now (in 2008), although the total sales volume exceeds the RMB 250 billion mark, those are the total sales volume of more than 2,000 enterprises in China's construction machinery industry, and the total sales volume of our industry can not reach the level of Caterpillar's total marketing volume.
It is precisely because the marketing scale of our industry is too small and its strength is still very weak that it is unable to compete with international competitors. On this premise, since the 1990s, foreign giants such as Caterpillar, Komatsu, Hitachi and Kobelco have entered the construction machinery industry in China, established some construction machinery enterprises through joint ventures, sole proprietorships, mergers and acquisitions or restructuring, and plundered a lot of wealth that should belong to China. This is also the loss that the international construction machinery giants brought to our weak industries by using their financial advantages, technological advantages and market operation advantages, which belongs to the foreign-funded enterprises at the beginning of reform and opening up. The other is the merger, merger, reorganization or reorganization between domestic construction machinery industries, especially in the past two years, each has its own needs and achieves a win-win situation, which has attracted the attention of the industry.
In the future international and domestic integrated market, China construction machinery enterprises will realize integration through merger, acquisition and reorganization. As a result, only a few internationally competitive groups or brands will remain in China's construction machinery industry, coexisting with multinational giants, and other enterprises will disappear or quit the industry to find another way out.
In this way, in the future international construction machinery and accessories market, there will be two types of enterprises with different strengths, forming two product patterns: one is to provide construction machinery products with high reliability, high cost and high-grade configuration, represented by international construction machinery giants such as Caterpillar and Komatsu; The second is to provide construction machinery products with high reliability, low cost and low grade configuration, represented by China Construction Machinery Enterprise Group. The formation of two different grades of construction machinery product patterns is precisely due to the positive results of industry mergers and acquisitions or restructuring. Some mergers, acquisitions and reorganizations of China construction machinery industry in recent years are described as follows, from which we can see some development trends of China construction machinery industry in recent years.
First, the development of domestic construction machinery industry in recent three years
Since the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the construction machinery industry has gradually moved from a trough to a stable growth trend. Due to the sharp reduction of steel prices, the domestic construction machinery industry can obtain lower-cost inventory, and the price of construction machinery industry in early 2008 has risen to a certain extent compared with 2007 before the financial crisis, which makes the future income of domestic construction machinery listed companies considerable. Under the national investment policy of 4 trillion yuan, the key direction of financial investment is to accelerate the construction of major infrastructure such as railways, rural infrastructure, highways and airports. It has ushered in new development opportunities for the construction machinery industry. In fact, the performance of listed companies in the domestic construction machinery industry in the next two years shows that the scale of sales revenue will increase year by year.
Second, the construction machinery capital operation
Driven by the market economy, entrepreneurs in the construction machinery industry are scrambling to expand the scale of their enterprises knowing that the domestic and foreign sales markets are conducive to expanding the scale of production. Only by making the enterprise bigger and stronger can it not be merged and occupy a place in the market. Therefore, domestic construction machinery enterprises set off the climax of enterprise expansion and mergers and acquisitions. Large enterprises merge small enterprises, or choose strong alliances. The capital operation of enterprises in construction machinery industry is mainly manifested in mergers and acquisitions, issuance of bonds and additional shares in the capital market, and acquisition of peer enterprises or upstream key component manufacturers.
Or in order to enrich the product line, for example, in 2008, Liugong successfully acquired all the shares of Anhui Bengbu Zhenchong Amway Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. in order to quickly supplement the product line of construction machinery and realize its strategic goal of crane production. After three years of technical transformation, expanding reproduction and integrating human, financial, technical and management resources, the annual sales revenue of the new enterprise has doubled compared with that of the original domestic enterprise.
Third, the successful experience of Liugong enterprise capital operation
June 5438+October 2008 10, Liugong invested 2 billion yuan to build a research and development base of northern construction machinery in Tianjin Binhai New Area Airport Logistics Processing Zone, and developed construction machinery products such as loaders and bulldozers. The annual sales scale exceeded 654.38+million units, and the estimated sales revenue exceeded 5 billion yuan. In March 2008, Liugong announced that it had acquired 0/00% shares of Anhui Bengbu Zhenchong Amway Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. at a price of 89.57 million yuan, and was established on the basis of the acquired company? Anhui Liugong Crane Co., Ltd.? Its registered capital is RMB1537,500 yuan. Before attacking Anhui acquisition, Liugong had acquired enterprises in Yangzhou, and announced the establishment of loader factory and bulldozer factory in Tianjin base. 1October 24th, 2008, 10, Yanghe, Liugong forklift.
The base was officially put into production. Is it a Liugong forklift? Eleventh five-year plan? The strategic investment projects during this period are also major new projects promoted by Guangxi as a whole. The completed Yanghe Base Phase I construction project covers an area of 207,300 square meters, with a total investment of 224 million yuan and a construction area of 35,000 square meters, with an annual production capacity of 6,543,800 forklifts. In 2008, the groundbreaking ceremony for the new factory of Jiangyang Liugong Co., Ltd. was held in Jiangyang. The total investment of the new factory project is about 200 million yuan, covering an area of 150 mu, of which the workshop area is about 30,000 square meters, and the annual design production capacity is 2,500 rolls. During the trial production in the first quarter of this year, the production and sales of 300 road rollers were realized, setting a record high. This year's production target is to achieve production and sales of 1400 vehicles. The production and sales in 20 12 will reach 3500 units.
Jiangyang Liugong is determined to become a leading domestic and internationally renowned roller manufacturing base. At the beginning of April 2008, Liugong's first overseas parts center was established and put into use in the Netherlands, which accelerated the internationalization of Liugong's parts business, and Liugong's parts center in the Netherlands was completed and put into use. 20 10 April, Liugong Changzhou Excavator Co., Ltd. was established in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, with a registered capital of 280 million yuan. Changzhou local government plans to build Wujin District, Changzhou, where Liugong is located, into the largest excavator production base in China, and many major manufacturers in the industry have settled in. Therefore, it is very convenient to exchange industry information and cooperation in the industry, and get more support from external resources to help Liugong quickly expand and strengthen its excavator business.
Four. Matters needing attention in merger and acquisition
Although there are many ways of capital expansion in construction machinery industry, only the way of extended capital operation develops fastest. In recent years, the domestic construction machinery industry has been integrated, merged and reorganized in order to become bigger and stronger quickly. Large enterprises merge small enterprises, and downstream enterprises acquire upstream enterprises.
Merger is a high-tech operation means. If handled properly, the gains can be huge, but high-yield things are always accompanied by high risks. In order to ensure the safety of investment and income and reduce the risks associated with it, we should pay attention to the following risks in the process of mergers and acquisitions:
(A) the risk of capital and assets
1, registered capital problem
At present, with the reduction of registered capital in the new company law, the enthusiasm of investors to realize asset appreciation by setting up companies is constantly rising. When an acquirer intends to acquire a company, it should first inquire about the basic information of the target company in the Administration for Industry and Commerce, mainly the registered capital of the company. Here, the acquirer needs to distinguish the relationship between paid-in capital and registered capital, and find out whether the target company has false capital contribution (whether the capital contribution has gone through the relevant transfer procedures and whether it has been effectively delivered); At the same time, we should pay special attention to whether the company has withdrawn capital and so on.
2, the company's assets, liabilities and owners' equity and other issues.
When deciding to buy a company, we should pay attention to the composition of the company's assets, equity allocation, asset guarantee, non-performing assets and so on.
First, among all assets, it is necessary to distinguish the specific proportion of current assets and fixed assets. In the capital contribution, how to make clear the proportion of monetary capital contribution to the total capital contribution, and whether the non-monetary assets have gone through the ownership transfer procedures also need to be made clear. Only by making clear the turnover ratio of the target company can we predict the future operating ability of the company well.
Second, it is necessary to clarify the equity allocation of the target company. First of all, we must grasp the shareholding ratio of shareholders and whether there are preferred shares; Secondly, it is necessary to examine whether there are related shareholders.
Third, the assets with security restrictions will have an impact on the solvency of the company, so we should examine the secured assets and unsecured assets separately.
Fourth, we should focus on the company's non-performing assets, especially the depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets and assets that are about to be scrapped and cannot be recovered.
At the same time, the company's liabilities and owners' equity are also issues that should be paid attention to when buying a company. In corporate liabilities, we should distinguish between short-term debts and long-term debts, and distinguish between offset debts and non-offset debts. The structure and proportion of assets and liabilities determine the owner's equity of a company.
(B) Financial and accounting system risks
In fact, many companies do not have specialized accountants. At the end of the month, a part-time accountant was hired from outside to be an accountant. Some companies don't have a standardized and detailed accounting system at all, and the person in charge of the company handles the finance completely by himself. For these reasons, many companies have established internal account books and external account books. Therefore, when acquiring the target company, the acquirer needs to check the company's financial accounting system in detail to prevent the target company from deliberately raising the company's value through multiple profits and objectively and reasonably evaluate the value of the target company.
(3) Tax risks
Companies with a registered capital of less than 5 million will not always become the focus of tax authorities. So many small companies fail to pay taxes according to law. Therefore, if the acquirer acquires a company with a relatively small registered capital, it must pay special attention to the tax problems of the target company and find out whether the tax has been paid in full and on time. Otherwise, it may be investigated by the tax authorities, and the business license of the newly bought company may be revoked by the industrial and commercial bureau soon.
(4) Possible litigation risks
Whether the target company legally signed an effective labor contract with the original employees, paid social insurance in full and on time, and paid employees' wages on time. The purpose of investigating these situations is to ensure that the company's purchases will not lead to labor disputes in the future by former employees.
3000-word mechanical paper reference model 3
On strengthening the cost control of mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises
First, the necessity of cost control of machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises
Under the background of economic globalization, machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises must control their costs in the fierce competition environment, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and maintain the normal operation and sustainable development of enterprises. For the enterprise itself, the enterprise pursues profit maximization in the process of production and operation, and the difference between income and cost is profit. Machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises should strictly control costs, minimize costs, and maximize profits.
In the operation process of machinery manufacturing industry, strictly controlling costs and reducing costs from all aspects of procurement and production can achieve the effect of reducing costs in an all-round way, thus realizing the maximum profit and sustainable development of enterprises; For users, products with high quality and low price are more marketable. In the fierce market competition, the lower the production cost of mechanical products, the greater the price drop, and the more competitive they are, thus increasing the sales income of enterprises and promoting the healthy operation and development of enterprises. From the perspective of employees, the production workload of machinery manufacturing enterprises is relatively large. When the income of employees is not proportional to the labor they pay, employees will have negative emotions. However, if the production cost of enterprises is reduced, there will be more profits, which provides a good basic condition for improving the salary level of employees, is conducive to retaining a large number of talents, thereby improving product quality and promoting a virtuous circle of high-quality and low-cost operation of enterprises. Therefore, strengthening cost control is extremely important for mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises.
Second, the cost control of machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises
(A) the cost control of enterprise procurement process
In the procurement process of machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises, material expenses account for a large proportion of the cost, and the consumption of materials is also relatively large. Moreover, enterprises can't recycle materials when they consume them, which increases the cost of enterprises. When an enterprise can purchase raw materials at a price lower than the market, it will control the purchase cost to a certain extent. The management's method of controlling the procurement cost is relatively simple, and it is easy to ignore the hidden costs such as the quality of purchased raw materials and the delivery cycle. As a result, the total cost increases. Moreover, purchasing personnel and enterprises do not shop around in the choice of raw materials, which usually leads to surplus materials and surplus materials, which increases the amount of waste produced in the production process of enterprises and undoubtedly increases the cost of enterprises. Moreover, mechanical equipment enterprises have poor implementation of the financial control system of the purchaser, which usually leads to the phenomenon that power and responsibility are not in place, thus losing financial supervision, which makes the procurement expenses of the procurement department not effectively controlled and easily leads to the increase of costs.
(2) Cost control of enterprise manufacturing.
In the manufacturing process, the level of workers in most machinery manufacturing enterprises is low, and the employees lack enthusiasm. Because of their high labor intensity, the wage level is not proportional to the labor force, which is easy to cause negative emotions of workers, thus there are great hidden dangers in the quality of the products produced, which invisibly increases the production cost of enterprises. Moreover, the equipment of mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises needs to be constantly updated, and damage problems often occur in the production process, which also increases the production cost of enterprises.
(C) cost control in enterprise management.
There are loopholes in the management of mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises. From the aspect of inventory management, enterprises should manage and control all kinds of products produced in the process of production and operation, lacking limited management of warehouses, storage, warehousing types and documents, and failing to reflect the flow direction of various materials in time. Unscientific inventory management limits cost accounting, which easily leads to the inconsistency between accounts and facts, and increases the problem of hidden costs for enterprises. From the perspective of enterprise fund management, it is possible to make enterprises produce normally with production funds. If the production funds of enterprises are not effectively managed, enterprises will not be able to operate normally. Therefore, the cost of raising funds and the cost of using funds will increase, and over time, the capital chain of enterprises will break, which will bring great threats to enterprises. In the developing modern enterprises, modern information management methods are more and more favored by enterprises. However, machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises lack modern information management means, which can not effectively transmit internal information, and reproduction and sales may be out of touch, thus increasing the production cost of enterprises.
Third, measures to strengthen the cost control of machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises
(A) to strengthen the cost control management of enterprise procurement process
For the control of purchasing cost of machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises, we should strengthen the management of purchasing materials, actively promote the recycling of materials, actively guide the concept and thinking of purchasing management of purchasing personnel to better adapt to the development direction of enterprises, fully understand the development and production characteristics of enterprises, gradually improve the comprehensive quality of purchasing personnel, and then implement the strategy of shopping around, reasonably select suppliers, avoid a single purchasing model, and reduce the amount of waste produced in the production process of enterprises, thus reducing the purchasing cost of enterprises. Machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises should constantly improve the internal financial system, clarify the responsibilities and rights of financial personnel, conduct financial supervision over the procurement department, and effectively control the procurement cost, so as to better control the procurement cost.
(B) to strengthen the cost control and management of enterprise manufacturing process.
In the manufacturing process, we should fully control the cost, adopt differentiated cost management strategies, effectively control the cost of enterprises, improve the labor efficiency of employees, enhance the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, retain a large number of labor talents, and create high-quality products for enterprises with high efficiency, thus controlling the cost of enterprises. Mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises will also produce equipment loss costs in the manufacturing process. For the old equipment of enterprises, we should update the equipment or finance lease to improve the production efficiency of enterprise equipment, so as to control the production loss of enterprises. In the production process, the professional skills of employees are highly required, so machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises should evaluate the performance and work efficiency of employees to understand the lack of professional skills of employees. Reasonable and effective professional training, strengthening employees' skills in using equipment and improving employees' work efficiency will increase employees' training costs, but the hidden effect of effective training will be reflected in production efficiency, and the improvement of production efficiency will greatly increase the production profits of enterprises.
Four. Concluding remarks
To sum up, in order to strengthen the cost control of machinery manufacturing enterprises, it is necessary to establish a reasonable cost control system, cultivate employees' cost awareness, strengthen the execution of purchasing personnel to reduce costs, enhance the enthusiasm of production personnel, train employees' professional operation skills, improve the inventory management mechanism and fund management mechanism of enterprises, and strengthen the cost control of machinery manufacturing enterprises in various ways to maximize profits and promote the sustainable development of machinery manufacturing enterprises.
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