(2) The above materials illustrate the positive and negative effects of the Song Dynasty's policy of valuing literature over martial arts. Understanding is an open topic, so it is reasonable. For example, in order to prevent the abuse of military commanders since the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty implemented the policy of valuing literature over martial arts, which reversed the atmosphere of valuing literature over martial arts during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, put an end to the situation of military commanders' domineering and mutiny, which was conducive to the stability of political power and society, but also led to the weakness of military strength in the Song Dynasty.
So the answer is:
(1) Song Taizu.
(2) In order to prevent the abuse of military commanders from reappearing since the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty implemented the policy of valuing literature over martial arts, which reversed the atmosphere of valuing martial arts over martial arts during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, put an end to the situation of military commanders' domineering and mutiny, and was conducive to the stability of political power and society. However, it also led to the weak military strength of the Song Dynasty, which was in a very passive situation in the military conflict with the neighboring ethnic minority regimes, and eventually led to the demise of the country.