Ah Q in the work is a poor farmer who lived around the Revolution of 1911. In Wei Zhuang, an isolated and backward rural town in old China, Ah Q was poor and had no place to stand. He has no home and lives in Tuguqi. Without regular jobs, they can only make a living by doing short-term jobs. "When you cut wheat, you cut rice, and when you pound rice, you punt." Their social status is extremely low, and they even lost their surnames. Once he drank two glasses of yellow rice wine and said that he was originally from Grandpa Zhao's family. Grandpa Zhao stopped him and gave him a mouth, forbidding him to be surnamed Zhao. He was finally stripped of his last shirt and even lost the right to love; In the conflict with Grandpa Zhao, fake foreign devils, even Wang Hu and D, he will always be a loser. His real situation is so miserable, but he is always superior in spirit. Ah Q took an incredible attitude of defending and whitewashing his failed fate and slavery. The two chapters of the novel "Victory" focus on Ah Q's "spiritual victory method": He often boasted about the past: "We used to be much richer than you! What are you! " In fact, he is a little confused about his last name; He often hangs up in the future: "My son will have much more money!" In fact, he doesn't even have a wife; Or "forget": I just got a cry stick from a fake foreign devil, and I was humiliated for the second time in my life. After clapping my hands, I forgot everything and felt a little happy. Or vent your anger on the weak (such as a little nun) and satisfy it by passing on humiliation; Or belittle yourself, live in backwardness and be enslaved: "I am a bug-don't let it go?" After these failures, he deluded himself that "my son beat Lao Zi" and "won with satisfaction". In his self-fantasy, he turned the real failure into a spiritual illusory victory: "He felt that he was the first person to belittle himself" and "Isn't the champion also the first?" "What are you!" Even "punch two mouths in your face" and "as if you punched someone else", you will be calm and the world will be at peace. The "spiritual victory law" made Ah Q unable to face up to his miserable situation of oppression despite being exploited and bullied.
The work highlights Ah Q's "spiritual victory method" and shows many other complicated factors in his character. Ah Q's character is full of contradictions. On the one hand, he is an exploited farmer with good labor force, simplicity and stupidity. Influenced and poisoned by feudalism for a long time, he kept some ideas in line with the Bible's biography of saints, and did not change the narrow and conservative characteristics of small producers: he upheld the "great defense of men and women" and thought that revolution was rebellion; I despise city people because they call the "bench" a "bench" and add finely chopped onions to fried fish; Anything that doesn't conform to Wei Zhaung's living habits is "heresy" in his view. On the other hand, Ah Q is a bankrupt farmer who lost his land. He wandered around and was forced to be a thief, which infected some vagrants: he didn't admire Grandpa Zhao and Grandpa Qian and dared to "glare" at fake foreign devils; I also think the villagers in Wei Zhuang are ridiculous. They have never seen fried fish in the city, and they have never had their heads cut off. Some characteristics of Ah Q's personality are not possessed by ordinary farmers in China's feudal countryside. Look down on both city people and country people; From self-esteem to inferiority, and from inferiority to self-esteem, this is a typical character in such a typical environment as a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. On the one hand, the "spiritual victory law" in The True Story of Ah Q is the expression of the complex social contradictions in rural areas of modern China after the invasion of foreign capitalist forces, on the other hand, it is also determined by Ah Q's own specific experience. Based on his life track and personality characteristics, Lu Xun followed his habit of artistic creation-"a model does not need a certain person", followed the needs of the subject, and highlighted a certain point of the complex personality of the characters when his thoughts were melted.
In the novel, Ah Q's method of spiritual victory is obviously branded with the class brand of unconscious rural drifters and farm labourers, who go bankrupt rapidly in modern society, unable to control their own destiny and find a way out. The description of Wei Zhuang's typical environment in the novel profoundly reveals the connection between Ah Q's spiritual victory law and the feudal traditional thought and feudal hierarchy that ruled the whole society, as well as the connection with the backward, closed, conservative and weak position of small producers. In this sense, Ah Q is a typical backward farmer. On the other hand, Ah Q's method of spiritual victory is the product of China's humiliating status in ancient times. It was "enslaved by foreign nations twice" in history and failed in succession in the face of modern imperialist aggression. It is a national mental state that loses national self-esteem and self-confidence, and is content with and covers up the fate of national backwardness and enslavement, which is what Lu Xun called "national mourning." Lu Xun found from his long-term and profound research on the history and present situation of the Chinese nation that Ah Q's spiritual victory method is one of the most serious ideological obstacles to the awakening and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. His True Story of Ah Q is our nation's greatest self-criticism, from which he seeks the hope for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the theme and historical value of The True Story of Ah Q. From this point of view, Ah Q is undoubtedly a typical example of this kind of people in the Chinese nation who have the weakness of spiritual victory. The Soul of an Old China Farmer written by him has a very broad historical summary.
The True Story of Ah Q is Lu Xun's most famous novel, which was written from 192 1 year1February to1February 922. Originally published in the Beijing Morning Post Supplement, the first chapter of Ah Q was published in the "Happy Words" column of the Morning Post Supplement on June19265438+February 4, 2008. But Lu Xun "really doesn't aim at being funny or pitying", so the more he writes, the more serious he is. Starting from the second chapter, he moved the column "New Literature and Art". To 1922 February 12), and later included in the collection of novels "Scream".
The True Story of Ah Q takes Weizhuang, a remote and backward rural town before and after the Revolution of 1911, as the background, and depicts a typical image of a farmer who has suffered serious material and spiritual injuries. Ah Q is a destitute person who has no tile on the top and no field on the bottom. He has no home and lives in Tugu Temple. I don't have a regular job. "Cutting wheat, chopping rice and punting boats." Judging from the living conditions of Ah Q, he was severely exploited. He lost his land and the foundation of independent life, and even lost his surname. Once he drank two glasses of yellow rice wine and said that he was originally from Grandpa Zhao's family. Grandpa Zhao stopped him and gave him a mouth, forbidding him to be surnamed Zhao. Ah Q's real situation is tragic, but he is always superior in spirit. The two chapters of the novel "Victory" focus on describing Ah Q's personality characteristics. He often boasted about the past: "We used to have much more money than you! What are you! " In fact, he is a little confused about his last name; It is often compared with the future: "My son will be much richer!" "In fact, he doesn't even have a wife; He is jealous of the scar on his head and thinks that others are "unworthy"; Being defeated by others, I thought, "I was finally defeated by my son, and the world is really disgraceful now …" So he won; When others asked him to admit that "people beat animals", he admitted contemptuously, "How about beating insects?" But it immediately occurred to him that he was the first person who could belittle himself. Except "belittle yourself", everything else is "first." Isn't the champion also the first? "So he won again. When all kinds of "spiritual victory laws" could not be applied, he punched two mouths in his face. Later, he felt that he was beating himself, and the other party was beaten, so he was satisfied with the resort again. He sometimes bullies people who are in a position without charges. For example, after being beaten by a fake foreign devil, I went to rub the scalp of a little nun as my "meritorious service" and reveled in the appreciation and laughter of others. However, this accidental "meritorious service" is still only a spiritual victory, as sad as his self-contempt and self-explanation. Ah Q's "spiritual victory method" is actually just a means of self-anesthesia, which makes him unable to face up to his miserable situation of oppression. His "victory story" is nothing but a record of slave life full of blood, tears and shame.
The work highlights Ah Q's "spiritual victory method" and shows many other complicated factors in his character. Ah Q's character is full of contradictions. Lu Xun later said: Ah Q "has the simplicity and stupidity of a farmer, but there are also some vagrants" (Note: "What's more? Send a letter from the editor of Drama Weekly). On the one hand, he was an exploited farmer, with a good labor force, simplicity and stupidity, and was influenced and poisoned by feudalism for a long time. He maintained some ideas in line with the Biography of the Bible Sage, and did not change the narrow and conservative characteristics of small producers: he maintained the "great defense of men and women" and thought that revolution was rebellion; I despise city people because they call the "bench" a "bench" and add shredded onion to fried fish. Anything that doesn't conform to Wei Zhaung's way of life is "heresy" in his view. On the other hand, Ah Q is a bankrupt farmer who lost his land. He wandered around and was forced to be a thief. He was infected with the cunning of some vagrants: he didn't admire Grandpa Zhao and Grandpa Qian and dared to "stare" with fake foreign devils; I also think that the villagers in Wei Zhuang have never seen fried fish in the city or beheaded them, which is ridiculous. Some characteristics of Ah Q's personality are not possessed by ordinary farmers in China's feudal countryside. Is to look down on city people and country people; From self-esteem to inferiority, and from inferiority to self-esteem, this is a typical character in such a typical environment as a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. On the one hand, the "spiritual victory law" in The True Story of Ah Q is the expression of the complex social contradictions in rural areas of modern China after the invasion of foreign capitalist forces, on the other hand, it is also determined by Ah Q's own specific experience. Starting from the life track and personality characteristics of farmer Ah Q, Lu Xun followed his own artistic creation habit-"Models don't need anyone" (Note: "Two hearts? Answer the question of Beidou magazine), which is highly summarized according to the needs of the subject. In the process of thought casting, it also highlights a certain point in the complex character of the characters, which makes a person have distinctive spiritual characteristics, thus shaping a profound and vivid model like Ah Q.
The True Story of Ah Q is a novella. It was written by Lu Xun. From 192 1 to 65438+February to 1922, it was published in the supplement of the Morning Post under the pseudonym of Palestinians, with a total of 9 chapters. Later, it was included in the collection of novels "Scream". It takes China society before and after the Revolution of 1911 as the background, and through the description of Ah Q's tragic fate, it profoundly reveals the historical roots of class contradictions and "spiritual victory law" in semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, and strongly criticizes the detachment from the masses and incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911. Shaped Ah Q, an immortal artistic model. It is one of the most outstanding works in China's modern literature history and one of the world's literary masterpieces.
Lu Xun's representative novels. It was written in 192 1 ~ 1922. It was first published in Beijing Morning Post Supplement in chapters, and then included in the novel collection Scream. Based on Weizhuang, a closed rural town around the Revolution of 1911, the work depicts Ah Q, a backward farmer who suffered serious physical and mental injuries. He is homeless and has no regular job. He made a living by selling labor and was brutally oppressed and exploited. But he can't face up to his tragic position, but he is intoxicated with the "spiritual victory law." Ah Q's transformation from blind arrogance to pathetic self-contempt is a typical figure in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial social environment. Ah Q's class status decided that he welcomed the revolution, but he was ignorant of the revolution, confused and mentally numb, and was shot by the feudal landlord class who usurped the fruits of the revolution. Lu Xun took "exposing diseases and treating diseases" as his aim, followed the principle of realism, and profoundly pointed out through artistic depiction that even an unconscious farmer like Ah Q really yearned for revolution, and he always had the possibility of revolution hidden in him. Farmers are an important force in China's revolution, and it is extremely important to enlighten them. Because of its profound ideological significance and exquisite artistic skills, his works have been highly praised and translated into more than 40 languages.