The causes of air pollution in China The air pollution in China is very serious at present, which not only endangers people's normal life, but also threatens people's physical and mental health. We must pay more attention to it. The main causes of air pollution in China are (1), weak awareness of environmental protection and insufficient understanding of sustainable development strategy. Atmospheric environment is a precious resource for human survival, and the destruction of atmospheric environment resources is an irreversible process. The economic cost of restoring good atmospheric environmental quality is greater than that of taking measures to fundamentally prevent and control air pollution. But this concept has not been fully understood and recognized by some departments and regions for a long time. They only consider the short-term and local economic development needs, and lack the consideration of protecting the atmospheric environment when formulating some comprehensive economic policies, industrial policies and urban construction and development plans. They often exchange rapid economic development at the expense of the environment, which leads to blind expansion of production scale, chaotic stalls, repeated construction, low level of technical equipment, great waste of energy resources, disorderly development of township enterprises and out-of-control circulation of inferior coal. Therefore, the introduction of local policies that lack environmental protection considerations is itself an inducement to aggravate air pollution, and the environmental harm and losses caused are irreparable. (2) Unreasonable energy use and serious energy waste. The unreasonable use and serious waste of energy are one of the reasons for the serious air pollution in China. According to the data, the main manifestations are as follows: a: In China's primary energy consumption structure, coal accounts for 75%, while coal used for power generation only accounts for 35% of the total coal. Other coal is used for industrial and civil combustion, and 84% coal is directly burned. This kind of coal consumption composition is very unreasonable. B: China's coal production pays too much attention to the increase of output and not enough attention to the control of high-sulfur coal, which is mainly manifested in the low coal washing rate and the excessive growth of coal output in high-sulfur coal areas. At the same time, due to the limitation of construction funds of coal preparation plant, unreasonable coal preparation price and the limitation of railway capacity and flow direction, the growth of coal preparation capacity lags behind the growth of raw coal output, and the production capacity of the original coal preparation plant cannot be fully exerted. At present, the coal washing rate in China is 22%, which is generally 60%~80% in developed countries. The utilization rate of washing equipment in thermal coal washing plant is only 69%. C: The technology and manufacturing level of all kinds of combustion equipment are low, and the energy utilization rate is not high. It is quite common to use combustion equipment with high energy consumption, large sewage discharge and extended service. There are 500,000 industrial boilers in China, and the average thermal efficiency is only about 60%. The average thermal efficiency of industrial kilns is about 40%; The average thermal efficiency of urban residents burning coal is only about 22%. D: With the rapid development of township industries, the production technologies and processes adopted by most enterprises are relatively backward, with crude production equipment and extremely low utilization rate of resources and energy, resulting in amazing air pollution. (3) Insufficient investment in air pollution prevention and control. At present, the national investment in pollution control and urban infrastructure construction related to pollution prevention accounts for only 0.7% of the gross national product, which is seriously insufficient compared with the demand for environmental protection investment caused by the serious environmental pollution in China and the historical debt caused by the rapid economic development in Dachuan. A: The starting point of China's industrial development is low, the overall level of basic industries is slowly improved, technological transformation is difficult, and there are many pollution debts. Many industrial technologies and equipment are at the level of 1950s and 1960s, with high consumption of resources and energy. However, due to the limitation of funds, the overall transformation of industry and the pollution control of cities cannot be carried out. A considerable number of industrial enterprises with backward technology and equipment have discharged a large number of pollutants for a long time in production, causing serious pollution. B: The state's investment in implementing the clean coal policy and improving the energy structure, such as coal washing and processing, briquette, coal desulfurization and the use of clean energy, is too weak to meet the needs. C: Urban central heating, gas and other infrastructure projects are the main measures to solve urban atmospheric environmental pollution. However, many areas are still developing slowly, and the key is the problem of insufficient capital investment. Some cities have built thermal power plants, but they lack funds to build heating pipe networks, and scattered heat sources still exist, which not only does not reduce pollution, but increases emissions. D: The standard of sewage charges is so low that polluting enterprises would rather pay sewage charges than spend money on treatment. For example, the charging standard of sulfur dioxide in "two provinces and nine cities" is too low, which is generally lower than 0.20 yuan per kilogram of sulfur dioxide, far lower than the desulfurization cost per kilogram 1 yuan, and cannot encourage enterprises to invest in sulfur dioxide treatment. As a result, few desulfurization facilities have been built in the pilot areas of two provinces and nine cities. (4) Law enforcement is lax and supervision and management are insufficient. Although great progress has been made in the construction of laws and standards for the prevention and control of air pollution in China, the phenomenon of non-compliance with laws, lax enforcement and impunity is still very serious. A: Some local governments intervene in the law enforcement of environmental protection departments and approve the construction of industrial projects with good short-term economic benefits but high energy consumption and serious air pollution; The national regulation of "evaluation first, construction later" has not been implemented, resulting in some new construction projects with unreasonable layout and excessive pollution; Investment in air pollution prevention and control measures often leaves gaps, or funds are used for other purposes. B: Local power plants, local cement plants and township enterprises are lax in law enforcement, and the phenomenon of exceeding the standard is common. C: Due to the limitation of funds, local monitoring institutions are generally unable to carry out regular supervision and monitoring of pollution sources, thus weakening the daily supervision and management of pollution sources by environmental protection departments. The operation and management of environmental protection facilities are poor, and the actual operation rate is low. Although many projects can reach the standard at the time of acceptance, they have exceeded the standard in actual operation. It is estimated that the average over-standard rates of smoke and dust emissions from industrial boilers, industrial kilns and local cement industries are 30%, 50% and 40% respectively. D: The prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution started late, and the tail gas supervision and management mechanism has not really been established. The supervision and law enforcement departments have unclear responsibilities and weak supervision, especially the supervision and management of the whole process of automobile manufacturing, sales, use and scrapping is still weak. The supervision and monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust pollution is not included in the national atmospheric environmental quality and pollution source routine monitoring system, and there is a lack of effective supervision of motor vehicle exhaust pollution.

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