After entering the university, freshmen are faced with a brand-new vision, whether it is their study or their psychological feelings afterwards. How will they feel? Based on my years of teaching practice, I found that many freshmen have poor adaptability to university study and life, and there are psychological contradictions or obstacles, which are mainly manifested in: 1 Freshmen are facing a qualitative leap from high school to university, but there will be great psychological pressure to realize this leap. 1. 1 The contradiction between ideal and reality is a qualitative leap from high school to university. People who achieve this leap often have high expectations for individuals and the future. According to the survey, college students belong to a social group with high political and economic expectations. From the psychological principle, the higher the expectation, the worse the psychological endurance. If you have too high expectations for your studies, teachers and future employment prospects before entering school, there will be a great psychological gap in reality, which will lead to the contradiction between the ideal and reality of freshmen, even a huge contradiction. First of all, from the motivation to enter the university. Many students are forced by the increasingly fierce competition in society, hoping to enhance their competitiveness by upgrading their academic qualifications and have better employment prospects in the future. In their subconscious, they naively think that as long as they go to college, the future will be a mess. But the reality is that in recent years, due to the expansion of undergraduate and graduate students, the number of highly educated talents in society has increased sharply, and most high-level talents have gathered in large and medium-sized cities to compete for limited positions. Although the competitive strength of college students has been enhanced, the social pressure of employment is also increasing, and the employment prospects of college students are obviously not as optimistic as expected, which leads to psychological imbalance among freshmen, and some even doubt their original choices. Secondly, I am disappointed with the school and major. Some students lack confidence in their interests and hobbies before entering school, and lack understanding of the schools or majors they apply for. Once they find that the teaching environment and teaching level of the school are not as good as they think, or the contents and majors they have learned do not match their interests and ambitions, their psychological balance is destroyed, their enthusiasm for learning disappears and they fall into disappointment and pain. Third, there is a big gap between the ideal university life and the actual university life. The ideal university life, as described by teachers and parents in high school, is relaxed, comfortable and leisurely, without pressure, exams and the discipline of the class teacher. You can play every day and even sleep late every day. However, once students enter the university, they find that it is not the case at all. They still have to attend classes, study by themselves at night, take mid-term and final exams, and even take exams at various levels. In order to complete the credits, in addition to studying compulsory courses and being busy with elective courses all day, the competition for study is still fierce, which leads to the disillusionment of freshmen's beautiful imagination of the university, which is psychologically unacceptable and shows confusion and disappointment. 1.2 self-image conflict Who am I? what can I do? What kind of person do I want to be? People's life will be troubled by self-image countless times, and the conflict of self-image is also one of the sources of stress. College students are in the transition period of their lives, and it is also a period prone to self-image crisis. Although the success of the college entrance examination has improved the overall self-image to a certain extent, it faces many challenges such as study and employment. After joining the college students' group, the frame of reference of self-comparison has changed. Everyone is an outstanding talent who has been screened at different levels. The change of frame of reference will inevitably have a potential impact on self-image. For those who go straight from high school to college, this problem is even more serious. Because these students have never experienced wrestling in society, they are top-notch or relatively top-notch talents from primary school to middle school. It is often difficult to maintain this advantage after going to college, and it is easy to doubt their self-image. In addition, in various competitions, speeches and other activities organized by the school, for those students who don't have any hobbies and specialties, they are at a loss and their self-confidence is greatly reduced. A large number of studies have confirmed that people's feelings about stress are closely related to their self-image. People with positive self-image can cope with stress better, while people with negative self-image are more likely to feel stress. Because of the conflict of self-image, confusion increases and psychological pressure increases. 1.3 is very confused about the learning style of universities. The way of learning in universities is very different from that in middle schools, and many students can't adapt to it in a short time. College classroom education is based on the principles of teaching materials, and it is divorced from teaching materials. Especially in liberal arts teaching, teachers often pay attention to the capacity of classroom teaching content, so many students feel that the learning methods and knowledge of universities seem to be out of touch with high school, and they don't know much about what teachers say and can't adapt to the teaching methods of teachers. They think they speak too fast, and the content is deep and wide. If the teacher explains that there is no textbook, many students will be more ambiguous, and there is no textbook to rely on, so they can't grasp the key points. After a class, I don't know what to say, let alone gain, which is unacceptable for students who are eager to adapt to the new study life. So that in the future study, there is no goal to muddle along, so passive learning can only be painful learning, and it is impossible to learn well without motivation. So I am decadent in my thoughts and confused in my actions. 1.4 Various maladjustments in daily life. Now college students are basically only children. At home, most of them are full of food and clothes. Once they leave their parents and come to a new environment, they will feel very inconvenient in their lives. Some students worry about their trivial and disorderly daily chores, such as washing clothes, turning on the tap, sorting out housework and so on. If these little things are not handled well, it will have a great impact on students' mood, study and life. In addition, many college students' life ideas and motivations are based on "individual" and "self". Under the guidance of this extreme idea of "individual first" and "self first", their way of dealing with people and the rules of interpersonal communication are all based on their own interests. In ordinary life, they think of their own gains and losses and seldom understand the feelings of people around them. Instead, they are alert and jealous, showing narrow-minded, withdrawn, aloof, selfish and closed psychological characteristics. This discomfort should make many students run into walls and scratch their heads like headless flies. I am busy every day, but I seem to get nothing. I can only be busy. As a result, some students began to doubt their abilities, resulting in inferiority complex and increased psychological pressure, which also constituted a powerful source of stress. Most students find college life boring. In order to pass the time, people are immersed in leisure and entertainment, neglecting their studies, and people become superficial and utilitarian, lacking the ideological, moral and cultural qualities that a college student should have. This pressure comes from the deeper pressure of human nature. If the guidance is improper, it will cause a vicious circle, which will accumulate more and more. Some students said: the study pressure is not as great as that of high school, but the mental pressure is great. 2 Countermeasures for the above problems faced by freshmen, we should pay enough attention and guidance, strengthen the adaptation education for freshmen, and help freshmen complete their role change as soon as possible and adapt to university study and life as soon as possible. 2. 1 Strengthening the ideal and belief of college freshmen's ideal education is the concentrated expression of world outlook, outlook on life and values, and it is a great motivation to motivate people to persevere and forget themselves. Psychological research shows that if a person loses his ideal and shakes his belief, he will lose the ability to distinguish and resist wrong ideas. How to find a suitable position in society and coordinate the contradiction between ideal and reality is a puzzle that every college student has to face. Teachers shoulder the heavy responsibility of teaching and educating people, and should be guides and motivators of ideals and beliefs. While teaching students to enrich their knowledge, we should spread the truth carefully, guide students to establish a correct world outlook and light up the seeds of their ideals. Therefore, for college students who have just entered the university, we should make use of teaching time and heart-to-heart talks to strengthen the education of students' ideological beliefs. It is necessary to observe the abnormal behavior of individual students in time, give appropriate guidance, and guide them to establish courage and perseverance to overcome difficulties, so as to actively cope with life and establish lofty ideals and firm beliefs. Educate students to make a plan for their life according to their own value goals, that is, what I came to school for, what kind of person I want to be, and what I want to do to become a successful person. This success is not only in wealth, but also in personality, which encourages students to overcome the hardships they have experienced in order to realize their ideals. 2.2 It is the essence of learning to let students adapt to university study as soon as possible, master good learning methods, establish self-confidence in learning, and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. When students are used to the teaching methods of middle school teachers, it is common for them to find it difficult to accept the teaching methods of universities. Students' autonomous learning has become the main way of learning in the knowledge economy society. The main task of university teaching is to create a real and complex learning environment for students' active learning and knowledge construction, so that students can control their learning process with good learning strategies, give full play to their subjective initiative, make students feel and understand knowledge, explore deeply, make efforts to discover and innovate, and become a real person who can learn. Teachers should also pay attention to guiding students and teaching them to learn. To cultivate college students to learn to learn, we should implement the principle of "teaching as the leading factor and learning as the main body". Learning to learn is more important than learning knowledge. Knowledge is constantly developing and changing, so it is more important to learn how to search, collect, analyze and apply knowledge. We should encourage students to question books and surpass teachers, encourage students to have different understandings and personalized expressions, actively guide students to engage in experiments and practice, and cultivate students' practical ability. Not only should we learn what the teacher says, but more importantly, we should learn to teach ourselves and learn how to learn, so that students can play a leading role in the learning process and take the initiative to learn. We should be able to ask questions, solve problems and innovate. 2.3 Let freshmen adapt to college life as soon as possible. Let freshmen adapt to college life as soon as possible, which includes two aspects. On the one hand, it is necessary to adapt to the independent life of the university as soon as possible, so that students can realize that it is their responsibility to handle their own trivial matters well, and it is also an exercise of their independent living ability. They should overcome their dependence and do their own thing instead of relying on their parents for everything. We should cultivate good habits of doing things today and consciously cultivate our ability to live independently. On the other hand, it is necessary to cultivate students' ability to adapt to collective life. In middle school, many students don't live on campus, and because of the pressure of study, they are unfamiliar with group life and don't pay much attention to the relationship between students. Entering university is also the peak of interpersonal communication. They not only show new interest in the opposite sex, but also show great enthusiasm for the same sex and peers. Get along with people in the dormitory day and night. Because they come from different places, the differences in economic conditions and personal conditions will have some influence on the communication with people in the dormitory. This kind of influence is more often manifested as negative influence. Teachers should guide college students to change from kinship communication to social communication correctly, and let students realize that the friendship between classmates in school is based on noble personality and linked by sincerity, understanding, equality and tolerance. When you get along with your classmates, you should be considerate of others, treat others equally, not haggle over every ounce, and tolerate the shortcomings of others. Make students understand and feel that good interpersonal relationships can give people a sense of security and belonging, bring people spiritual pleasure and satisfaction, and thus promote students' personality and mental health. 2.4 Cultivate students' healthy psychological quality under pressure. Stress is a social problem, which needs the cooperation and efforts of society, schools, families and individuals to be effectively solved. First of all, we should help students change their attitude towards stress from a personal point of view. Let them understand and value stress. Tell students that our life is inseparable from stress, and it is useless to escape it. We should actively cope with stress and learn the skills to relieve psychological stress. Let them know that stress is not always a bad thing. Appropriate pressure is conducive to stimulating people's fighting spirit and increasing the efficiency of doing things. The pressure is not terrible. The key is to find out the limit of the pressure that individuals can bear, and use appropriate methods to vent and channel when the pressure is too high, so as to relieve the pressure. Secondly, we should implement psychological education for freshmen, such as bringing mental health into the training plan. In addition, extensive physical exercise is carried out to encourage college students to participate in sports activities, so as to release stress and gain physical and mental pleasure during physical exercise; Strengthen mental health education, popularize psychological knowledge, strengthen psychological consultation, strengthen social support, and provide channels to relieve stress; Strengthen the construction of humanistic environment and create a relaxed environment for study, scientific research and practice; Change it into a lesson plan to broaden the knowledge of college students and so on. In a word, it is the responsibility of university teachers to strengthen the adaptive education of freshmen so that they can have a good start in university life and become modern talents with sound personality. [References] [1] Zhou Aibao. Experimental psychology [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2008. [2] The United States. David Myers. Social psychology [M]. Beijing: People's Posts and Telecommunications Publishing House, 2006. [3] Dong Xianfeng. College life navigation [M]. Beijing:. 2005.[4] Du Yanfang. Adaptive education for freshmen [EB/OL]. /2WXF/reply view-939602-486 . html . 2004- 12-24.2004 . 12。