Psychological nursing of depression.
Abstract: Depression is a mental illness that everyone may get. Depression patients' sense of powerlessness, despair and even suicidal tendency are all due to their negative views on themselves, their future and their experiences, which have produced a series of negative emotions and thoughts. In addition, sudden and stressful events in life have accelerated and consolidated their cognitive patterns, bringing uncontrollable psychological conflicts. Lose confidence in the future life. As a result, I live in the judgment of dysfunction and can't extricate myself. This vicious circle makes patients wander in the maze caused by emotional disorder. Guiding patients to change their cognition, rebuild their minds, resolve the pessimism and disappointment caused by bad cognition, arouse patients' positive beliefs and give them comprehensive psychological care are the key points of our nursing work for patients with depression.
[Keywords:] Depression; Mental cold; Psychological nursing
[China Library Classification Number] R749.4 [Document Identification Number] A [Contribution Number]1005-0515 (201)-05-185-0/kloc.
1 Correct understanding of depression
Depression, also known as melancholia, is a mental illness characterized by depression. Its clinical manifestations are mild, and patients have painful experiences in their hearts. People who are slightly heavier can show depression, pull a long face, sigh, inferiority and so on. Some patients are often accompanied by neurosis symptoms, such as inattention, memory loss, unresponsiveness, insomnia and dreaminess.
The etiology and pathophysiology of depression are still unclear. In the 1960s, some people put forward the hypothesis of monoamine substances in depression, arguing that the decrease of the content in patients with depression leads to dysfunction and eventually leads to depression.
The distinction between melancholy mood and pathological depression;
1. 1 Normal people's emotional depression is based on certain objective things, namely? Everything happens for a reason? Yes However, pathological depression usually occurs for no reason and lacks the conditions of objective mental stress. Or although there are bad factors, but? Make a mountain out of a molehill
1.2 Most people's emotional changes have a certain time limit. Usually it is short-term, and people usually give full play to their psychological defense function through self-regulation to maintain psychological stability again. Psychological medicine stipulates that general depression can't last more than two weeks. If it is more than a month, even a few months, more than half a year, it is definitely a symptom of pathological depression.
1.3 The former has a mild degree of depression, while the latter has a serious degree, which affects patients' work, study and life, can't adapt to society, and affects their social functions. What's more, it will produce serious negative suicide words and deeds.
1.4 Depression can recur, and the basic symptoms of each episode are similar, which can be confirmed by past history.
1.5 Typical depression has the characteristics of rhythmic symptoms, with morning being heavier than night. Many patients often say that they feel particularly bad and miserable every morning, so many patients often have suicidal thoughts at this time. After 3~4 pm, the patient's mood gradually improved, and at night, it seems that nothing happened. The next morning, I fell into a difficult moment of morbid depression.
1.6 families with depression often have a history of mental illness or similar emotional disorders.
1.7 Persistent and stubborn insomnia, depression caused by various psychological behaviors at the same time, low physiological function, decreased weight, appetite and sexual desire, functional discomfort that is difficult to locate between multiple parts of the body and the overall symptoms, and no abnormalities are all common signs of depression.
2 treatment and care:
Psychotherapy, diet therapy, sleep deprivation therapy, phototherapy and electric shock therapy. Of course, for severe depression, drug therapy or electroconvulsive therapy is the first, and then combined with psychotherapy. If psychotherapy is combined with medication, it will often get twice the result with half the effort.
2. 1 psychological care
Although drugs can treat depressive symptoms, there are still quite a few patients who will relapse or suffer from depression in their later years after stopping taking drugs. Psychological nursing will not produce physiological side effects and drug side effects caused by drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy. In addition, it can also teach patients how to face and adapt to setbacks, adjust their psychological balance and improve their psychological and social adaptability.
2. 1. 1 As the saying goes? Do you need a cardiologist for heart disease? Most patients with depression have certain incentives (frustration, misfortune, etc.). Before illness, depression, depression, pessimism, disappointment, loneliness and helplessness occurred. Psychological nursing takes patient and meticulous comfort, grasps the changes of psychological state and mood in time, and formulates corresponding psychological counseling.
2. 1.2 open-ended, heuristic questions, to guide patients to pour out their inner troubles and pains, to help analyze the life and psychological problems they face, to give comfort language in time, to explain patients with sympathetic, understanding and caring language, and to analyze with patients what kind of emotional interference (emotional interference of potential anxiety, emotional interference of self-defense mechanism interaction affecting behavior, emotional interference of irrational thoughts), and to find out the reasons.
2. 1.3 If the patient is withdrawn, does not get along well with leaders and colleagues, is withdrawn and isolated from society, social skills training and interpersonal relationship guidance can be taken to help him learn how to talk and communicate with others, eliminate inferiority complex and improve his self-confidence. At the same time, we realize that people are social, and it is impossible to live in isolation from society. We should deal with people every day to improve patients' social adaptability and communication skills.
2. 1.4 If the patient is depressed, pessimistic and desperate due to marital conflict and family breakdown, we can consider taking couples' guidance, family relationship consultation and coordination, psychotherapy in sexual psychology and other ways to solve the marital and family problems, so as to alleviate the symptoms of depression.
2.2 Diet care: Previous studies have shown that lack of neurotransmitters can easily lead to depression.
Antidepressant diet:
2.2. 1 Drinking rose tea can relieve depression, and it is best not to drink rose tea. Because tea contains a lot of tannic acid, it will affect the efficacy of roses in soothing the liver and relieving depression.
2.2.2 Fish reduces psychological anxiety, because what is in fish? -3 fatty acids can act like antidepressants and reduce people's psychological anxiety.
2.2.3 Foods with high zinc and copper content can relieve depression, and the lack of copper in the body can also make the internal inhibition process of nerve cells out of balance, making the endocrine system in an excited state and insomnia. The highest content of zinc in food is oyster, which is also distributed in animal liver and kidney and dairy products. Squid, shrimp, mutton and mushrooms are all rich in copper.
2.2.4 Foods high in selenium can improve mood, and foods containing selenium can also treat mental depression. Rich sources of selenium are dried fruits, chicken, seafood and cereals. Complex carbohydrates, such as whole wheat bread and soda crackers, can also improve mood.
2.2.5 In addition, long-term insomnia consumes a lot of energy, and timely nutrition supplementation is conducive to the recovery of the disease. It is suggested that the diet with high protein, high fiber and high heat energy should be given priority to, and the food that moistens the intestines should be taken to keep the stool unobstructed; Replenish enough water, maintain the normal needs of viscera, lubricate intestines, facilitate defecation and promote the excretion of harmful substances in the body; Avoid excessive spicy, spicy, pickled, smoked and other irritating foods. Because there are many reasons for insomnia, patients should selectively choose the food that suits them according to their own physique.
Depression is close to us. With the development of society and living in a high-pressure competitive environment, the incidence of this disease is very high. At present, it has become the second largest disease in the world, which has caused a serious burden to mankind. At present, the recognition rate of depression is less than 20%. Only 2% of patients with depression have been treated, and a large number of patients have not been treated in time, and their condition has deteriorated, even leading to serious consequences of suicide. Paying attention to depression and carrying out comprehensive psychological care for patients is the focus of our nursing work for patients with depression.
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