With the process of reform and opening up in the past 30 years and the development and changes of China railway industry in these 30 years, the period of rapid economic development in China is also the stage of rapid development of railway industry. The rapid speed-up of Zhengzhou Railway Station, the increase of fares and the application of new technology in train ticket management have made our country's railway cause seem like a lifetime ago. However, due to the contradiction between China's railway transportation capacity and transportation capacity, train tickets, a valuable securities, have become a tight commodity in Zhengzhou Railway Station during the peak passenger traffic. The illegal and criminal acts of forging tickets and reselling forged tickets are endless, and the patterns are constantly being refurbished, showing new trends and changes in the past decade.

First, the characteristics and trends of cases of forging train tickets.

Through the statistical summary of cases accepted by our hospital, it is found that cases involving forged train tickets mainly have the following characteristics and trends.

(1) The amount of crimes is increasing rapidly.

1997 in the case of forging and reselling forged train tickets accepted by our hospital, the number of tickets involved was only 23, with a face value of 732 yuan; After 2000, it showed an obvious upward trend. In 2005, the number of tickets involved in such cases was 122, with a face value of 59,000 yuan. In 2008, the number of tickets involved in such cases soared to more than 700, with a face value of 1.9 million yuan.

(2) The fraudulent means have changed, and the simulation of fake tickets is high.

With the increase of high-tech factors in train tickets, the means and methods of forgery by criminals are constantly updated, and the simulation of forgery means is enhanced. Before 2005, in the criminal cases of fake train tickets accepted by our hospital, criminals mostly used tools such as blades, paste, correction fluid, faded words and fake stamps. And altering old or short-distance tickets by means of alteration, repair and pasting. In recent years, with the traditional hard-card train tickets being gradually replaced by electronic soft tickets, the defendant's forgery means and methods are constantly updated and "improved", and some lawless elements even use paper and printing anti-counterfeiting technology to forge fake train tickets to the point where they are genuine. For example, in 2006, Tang et al. accepted by our hospital forged a train ticket, which was the first case in recent years to forge a train ticket by using "high-tech" means such as scanning, typesetting, computer printing and coordinate positioning. In such cases that were tried later, the phenomenon of making fake tickets in batches by computer technology became more and more serious.

(3) The well-organized crime of * * * is obvious, and the cases of forging and reselling forged train tickets are outstanding.

According to statistics, since 1997, 67% of such cases accepted by our hospital were committed by many people, and 58% were cases of forging and reselling forged train tickets. Due to strict organization and clear division of labor, gangs responsible for forging train tickets, contacting ticket sources and reselling forged train tickets commit crimes, forming a "marketing model" of "counterfeiting one car and selling one car". For example, five defendants, including Zheng, forged and resold forged valuable tickets, that is, a special person was responsible for forging train tickets and a special person was responsible for selling them. The whole criminal process is well organized.

(4) The defendant has rich experience and certain anti-investigation ability.

Of the 29 defendants in such cases accepted by our hospital since 1997, 10 has a criminal record, and four of them were sentenced for forging and reselling forged train tickets. These people are experienced in forging train tickets. First of all, they caught the greedy psychology of some passengers who were unwilling to queue up to buy tickets for convenience and were attracted by the lower prices offered by ticket sellers, and firmly grasped the huge "sales market" of forged train tickets; Secondly, through careful observation and analysis, they have mastered the workflow of the train ticket sales management system in detail and found the management loopholes that can be used; Third, they have relatively "mature" means of counterfeiting and have a certain understanding of the investigation work of public security organs. Most of them rent houses in the urban-rural fringe that is inconvenient to manage, or live in hotels that are cheap and inconvenient to manage for a long time to commit the crime of forging tickets. For example, Liu Baoguo, the second defendant in the Lian Jie case, was sentenced to two years' imprisonment and two years' probation in 2004 for the crime of forging and reselling forged valuable tickets. Shortly after the expiration of his probation, he resold forged train tickets again in 2006. Lian Jie was also administratively detained for forging tickets in 2005, and sold forged trains again in 2006. For another example, in the case of five defendants, including Zheng, who forged and resold forged valuable tickets accepted by our hospital this year, Zheng also committed this crime for the second time. In the process of committing this crime, he also led other associates to rent a bungalow in Xiaojing Village, Fengtai District for long-term and organized crime. Because these defendants have many "experiences" of confronting the public security organs, they also pay special attention to getting rid of the tracking and control of investigators in the process of trading fake tickets. For example, in the case of Jiang Houquan's reselling forged valuable tickets tried by our hospital in 2005, the defendant traded with the ticket buyer many times, and finally took a taxi from Beijing West Railway Station to Yuyuantan South Road in Haidian District for many times before trading.

Second, the reasons for the existence and increase of cases.

(A) the contradiction between supply and demand of train tickets is prominent.

The long-standing contradiction between supply and demand of railway transportation volume is the most fundamental reason for the repeated prohibition and rapid growth of such cases. Since 1997, China's railways have speeded up six times, added various kinds of high-speed trains such as EMUs, and reformed the railway ticketing system many times. However, the root cause of the crime of forging and reselling forged train tickets lies in the fact that due to the limited overall traffic volume of China's railways, it is impossible to effectively alleviate the huge contradiction between the situation of "one ticket is hard to find" and the people's growing demand for rides in a short time. It is reported that the passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to reach 65,438+88 million in 2009, an increase of 8% over the same period in 2008, and this contradiction will become more and more serious.

(2) profiteering drives criminals to take risks.

Criminals can alter short-distance or expired train tickets with simple tools, and can also scan, plate-make, print and coordinate positioning through computer technology to forge a large number of train tickets. This economic "low investment and high return" makes the crime of forging train tickets have a great "profit space" and is very attractive to criminals. Zheng and Tang mentioned above are two typical examples of using computer technology to tamper with train tickets and forge a large number of train tickets. In less than two years, Zheng Gang altered the face value of train tickets by 654.38+0.9 million yuan. The complete equipment of alteration, the rapid means of forgery and the huge amount of crime are amazing.

(3) The anti-counterfeiting performance of train tickets is not high.

With the official opening of 1996 electronic soft ticket, the railway department has opened computer ticketing and online ticketing services. The printing and use of train tickets are much more convenient than the past hard card tickets, saving costs and improving ticketing efficiency. In the design of electronic soft tickets, anti-counterfeiting efforts have been strengthened, and special paper and bar code have been used, which has played a certain role in preventing criminals from manufacturing and selling fake tickets. However, the above means are still easy to be forged, which is not enough to completely prevent criminals from manufacturing and selling fake train tickets. In addition, after passengers buy train tickets, the railway department has always used the traditional manual ticket checking method in the process of getting on and off the train and entering and leaving the station, without special machinery and equipment to assist identification, resulting in many fake train tickets with high simulation degree not being found in time. For example, in the case of Mi Moumou and others forging and reselling forged train tickets, which was tried in our hospital 1997, the defendant took advantage of the loophole that it was difficult to distinguish the authenticity of the ticket with the naked eye at the refund office of the railway station and returned the forged train tickets to the refund office for profit.

(D) There are technical defects in the dynamic supervision of train ticket sales.

At present, China Railway Department has dynamically monitored the sales of some soft sleeper and hard sleeper tickets on the Internet. However, due to the excessive passenger flow in our country, the technical development can't grasp the dynamic situation of each sold train ticket, which makes it possible for criminals to make full use of this technical defect to resell forged train tickets, resulting in passengers with fake tickets still sitting on the train even though the corresponding real tickets have not been sold, which seriously disrupts the national management system of train tickets and causes huge economic losses to passengers and national railway departments. For example, in July 2008, the railway police cracked a case of forging and selling forged train tickets. Criminals first bought train tickets from the station, forged fake tickets according to the seat information on the tickets, and then sold them to passengers at a lower price, and returned the real tickets to the refund window ten minutes before the train started. At this time, because the staff on the train can't get the information that the ticket has been refunded, the passengers who bought the fake ticket can "sit in the right place".

(E) poor management of public security in the urban-rural fringe

The urban-rural fringe has become a gathering place for a large number of migrants because of its low rent, but at the same time, there are outstanding public security problems because it is difficult to effectively manage the population flow. In this investigation, we found that criminals used rental houses in urban-rural fringe as dens for illegal and criminal activities. For example, five defendants from Sichuan and Xinjiang gathered in the bungalow rental house in Xiaojing Village, Fengtai District to engage in counterfeiting activities. It was not until the defendant was caught by the public security organ on the spot when he was selling fake goods at the West Railway Station that this den was discovered. For more than a year, neither the local government, the housing management department, the landlord nor the surrounding people have been alert.

Three. Countermeasures and suggestions for comprehensive social management

(1) Develop passenger transport at different levels, vigorously develop high-speed railways, and solve the fundamental contradiction between railway transport capacity and volume and passenger demand.

China has a large population and a vast territory, which determines the huge demand for medium and long-distance passenger and freight volume. With the transfer of 400 million agricultural population to cities and towns in the next decade, the urban population will reach 900 million. By then, the railway will undertake more heavy passenger transport tasks between urban and rural areas, and the passenger flow between cities, such as commuting, business exchanges and visiting relatives, will increase substantially. In addition, China's existing major economic regions are concentrated, the economy is developed, and the population is dense. The passenger demand has become saturated at the peak period, so it is more urgent to develop railway transportation capacity. As a public product, railway transportation should first meet the needs of the vast number of passengers and meet the needs of passengers from different levels and angles. With the development of national economy and the increase of people's income, railway departments should build high-speed, high-density and large-capacity intercity railways in addition to enhancing the existing railway transportation capacity and coordinating railway transportation during peak hours, so as to fundamentally solve the future passenger transport problem.

(2) Improve the anti-counterfeiting level of train tickets and enhance the ability of identifying authenticity in important links.

The existing electronic soft tickets all have the anti-counterfeiting technology of special paper and bar code, but because the counterfeiting technology of criminals is becoming more and more sophisticated, it is difficult for ordinary passengers and even some station staff to identify them with the naked eye. Because each train ticket is sold through the national network and has a unique bar code, the information contained in the train ticket on the network is unique. Therefore, in addition to improving the anti-counterfeiting level of train tickets, railway departments should also improve the ability to identify the authenticity of important links. For example, you can scan the bar code with a small instrument similar to ticket checking before entering the station. At the same time, the railway department should also use the Internet and communication technology to provide the public with channels to inquire about the authenticity of train tickets, such as online inquiry and telephone inquiry. No matter who buys a train ticket from, passengers can immediately check whether the ticket exists and whether all the information contained in the ticket, such as departure station, terminal station, date, fare and so on, are consistent through the barcode on the ticket.

When the inquiry system is established, the reporting function is added, which is convenient for the masses to report such crimes, helps to improve the reporting rate of such crimes, enables the police to fully understand the recent situation of counterfeiting and selling fakes through such channels, helps to crack down on such crimes, reduces the losses of railway enterprises, and helps to stabilize the order of ticket management.

(3) plug the loopholes in the ticketing system and realize real-time dynamic monitoring of the ticketing situation.

The railway department should comprehensively investigate the existing ticketing system, actively find out the existing problems and loopholes, and plug the loopholes by improving the ticketing system to prevent criminals from easily "exploiting loopholes". For example, all ticket outlets, railway stations and running trains can be connected together through network and communication technology, and the status of train tickets from the first sale to the operation of the train to the terminal can be monitored through special systems, such as "sold", "for sale", "refund" and "secondary sale", to prevent criminals from making use of the loopholes in the dynamic supervision of train tickets by railway departments to manufacture and sell fake tickets.

(d) Recommendations on social management

In fact, the poor management of the urban-rural fringe has objectively facilitated many criminal activities. In view of the characteristics of criminals' rented places in such cases, it is suggested that the urban-rural fringe should do the following management work:

First, strengthen the effective management of floating population. Strengthen the management of floating population as the top priority of the comprehensive management of social security in the urban-rural fringe, improve the information management level of floating population declaration, filing and registration, do a good job in collecting information on renters, establish management files, and make sure that the base number is clear and the situation is clear, focusing on strict management of people without legal identity, legal occupation and legal economic resources.

The second is to increase the stock of rental housing. Strengthen the daily inspection and supervision of rental houses, regularly investigate potential safety hazards, resolutely ban illegal and criminal dens such as selling and selling fake goods in rental houses, properly solve the outstanding public security problems in rental houses, and effectively improve the management and control capabilities of rental houses and renters.

The third is to strengthen the supervision responsibility of the lessor. The relevant administrative departments shall increase the publicity of laws, regulations and related policies on rental housing management, and guide the owners to actively support and cooperate with the management. Intensify the investigation and punishment of the owner's violation of the provisions on the management of rental houses. If there are accidents and criminal cases in rental houses, the corresponding regulatory responsibilities shall be investigated.