# Bauhaus #
Bauhaus transliteration in Germany: Bauhaus in German is inverted, and its core proposition is to simplify the complex and realize the unity of art and technology. Bauhaus College was founded in Weimar, Germany in 19 19, which was proposed by walter gropius, a modern German architect.
4/ 1 officially started school, and Bauhaus paid attention to theory and practice in his study. There are printing/glass painting/metal/furniture joinery/knitting/photography/stage/book binding/pottery/architecture/curation 13 different workshops to cultivate students' precise practical operation ability.
1926 12.4, the Bauhaus school building in dessau designed by President Gropius was completed. The school building is simple, but it integrates many functions. The huge glass facade and tortuous shape shocked the art world at that time and showed a brand-new concept of architectural space.
Bauhaus's design concept
Form follows function, loyalty to raw materials, less is more, these are the three design commandments of Bauhaus.
His establishment marks the birth of modern design education. Before the Bauhaus style, Gothic, Baroque/Rococo styles were popular, with a strong religious color and sense of power. The bustling pattern can't adapt to industrial production. Then Bauhaus advocates that design should return to design itself, emphasizing practicality and functionality, so that people of all walks of life can benefit from simple products.
On the three development stages of Bauhaus;
01#1919-1925 Weimar period
In the "Utopia" period dominated by Graby Uss, no artist or craftsman had both theory and design. Bauhaus is equipped with a number of modeling teachers and technical teachers, aiming at cultivating "all-round craft design artists".
02# 1925-1932 dessau period
In the period of "* * * productism" with Hans Ye Mei as the principal, he expected Bauhaus not only to replace the demand for luxury goods with national demand, but also to carry out intensive management with the factory. Under Meyer's leadership, Bauhaus also made a profit for the first time. However, due to Meyer's ultra-leftist, pan-politicized and anti-artistic stance, his relationship with faculty and the Dessau government deteriorated and his social status was in jeopardy.
Berlin period 03# 1932- 1933
With Ludwig-Mies-Van der Rohe as the principal, 1933, teachers and students were forcibly expelled from the country and occupied the school by the Nazi secret national police on the grounds that they criticized the institution as a producer of "degenerate art". 10 In August, Bauhaus announced its permanent dissolution on the grounds of economic difficulties.
The legend of Bauhaus covers many great gods.
1, the source of the three major components.
In the present design teaching, there is a very important learning system called "Three Elements", which was laid by Bauhaus and the prototype was founded by john eaton.
Eaton was the first person to create modern basic courses. Two aspects of his course are particularly important. One is to emphasize the in-depth understanding of color, material and texture, and to explore and understand two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms or plane and three-dimensional forms; Secondly, through the analysis of painting, find out the visual laws, especially the rhythm structure and structural laws, and gradually let students have a special visual sensitivity to natural things.
He is the first teacher in the world to introduce the three-dimensional color created by Munsell in 19 12 into design teaching. He insists that color is rational, in fact, it can be inferred that design is scientific to a great extent. He emphasized that students must understand the scientific composition of color in order to talk about the free expression of color and integrate the relationship between point, line and shape. His courses are the three major components that have been used in later design education.
2. Construction of teaching system
This system emphasizes that "design teaching should be based on science, not art" Prior to this, the teaching method of the Art Institute adopted a single-column structure, which was described by Gropius as "one line cannot support a superstructure". Therefore, Bauhaus established his own system and adopted the three-column model.
3. Dusberg
Dusberg is the founder of de stijl in the Netherlands and the founder of Style magazine. His first contact with Bauhaus was a visit, during which he became very interested in Bauhaus.
The "de stijl" established by Dusberg, also known as the Neo-Sculpture School, aims to completely refuse to use any specific elements and only use simple colors and geometric figures to express the pure spirit. Moreover, Dusberg emphasized the use of straight lines in the early days, and later advocated the use of diagonal lines to create dynamic pictures. As long as you see a line with similar color, you know that it originated from de stijl in the Netherlands.
4. Mohorinaji and Ma Xie Brewer
Constructivism emphasizes the movement in space, rather than the sense of volume emphasized by traditional sculpture. Sculpture made of metal, glass, wood, cardboard or plastic.
1) Mohorinaji
His courses are very popular with students because he is very good at inspiring students to think. He once had two very interesting projects. The first is to let students make something that can stay in the air for the longest time with a piece of paper and test it on the roof. At that time, students stayed up all night making, some made airplanes, some made various shapes, but the stay time was not ideal.
Finally, a student named Marshall Brewer took a piece of white paper, threw it out and floated in the air for a long time without coming down. This is a complete victory. Some students who stayed up all night complained to Najib that Marcel Brewer didn't do any operation and design.
Najib said that I only need to find something that can float for the longest time, and there is no restriction on its form, so the significance of Najib's doing this is to let students know the functional purpose of reviewing the design and emphasize the functional orientation.
The second topic is to make a chair out of paper, which can bear the weight of one person. Similarly, people stay up all night making chairs of various shapes, but the load-bearing effect is not ideal. At this time, Marcel Brewer appeared again, took out a sack full of waste newspapers and threw it on the ground. Very comfortable.
2) Marcel Brewer
He pioneered the design of steel pipe furniture, inspired by bicycle handlebars, and designed the world's first steel pipe furniture, which caused a global steel pipe furniture trend.
5. Kandinsky
Kandinsky is regarded as the pioneer of abstract art and the founder of modern abstract art theory and practice. 1922 He joined Bauhaus as a teacher, and his understanding of color and form was very close to that of Eaton, but Eaton paid attention to the teaching of general laws, while Kandinsky paid attention to the application of color in specific projects, which just complemented each other.
Kandinsky 1866 was born in Moscow and is also a master of painting. He became famous for his paintings, which cost150,000 dollars. He used to be a law professor and taught at a university. After 30 years old, he resigned, studied painting full-time and became a professional painter. During his stay in Bauhaus, Kandinsky also published his own basic course "Point, Line and Plane", which was eventually incorporated into the Bauhaus series.
Finally, although the existence of Bauhaus was short-lived, it detonated modern art like gorgeous fireworks, which brought new opportunities for art in the early 20 th century.
Watches, home improvement, cups, chairs, daily necessities, buildings, etc. Today, one hundred years later, we can feel the shadow of Bauhaus everywhere, and it gradually permeates our lives with time.