-inscription

In Zhang Xueliang's political career, the change of flag in Northeast China at the end of 1928 was a major historical event after the Xi incident. The so-called flag change is to abolish the five-color national flag of Beiyang government and hang the national flag. Zhang Xueliang resolutely changed his flag, which marked the end of the old warlord separatist era, shattered the Japanese imperialist plot to split China and defended the territorial integrity of China.

The origin of changing the flag in Northeast China

1928 In April, the National Government began the second Northern Expedition, and the National Revolutionary Army quickly captured the Shandong Peace Fund. For the three northeastern provinces, Chiang Kai-shek intends to negotiate peacefully to achieve national reunification. Zhang Xueliang is also considering the future of the three northeastern provinces at this time. On June 4th, Feng warlord Zhang was killed by a bomb planted by the Japanese Kwantung Army on his way back to Fengtian, which was known as Huanggutun incident in history. After the "Huanggutun Incident", the Kwantung Army was eager to take advantage of the tension caused by the "Huanggutun Incident" to create a puppet regime in the northeast and try every means to obstruct the change of flag. Moreover, the senior figures involved in the decision-making have different opinions when discussing the issue of "changing the flag", so it is difficult to draw a conclusion. The 27-year-old Zhang Xueliang is determined to avenge his father and realize "North-South reunification" at an early date. During this period, the National Government sent Confucius to hold secret talks with Zhang Xueliang. Although there is no complete agreement, it has played a certain role in promoting the change of flag.

After Zhang Zuolin was killed by the Japanese army, Zhang Xueliang became the commander-in-chief of security in the three northeastern provinces and began to rule the Northeast. A week after Zhang was killed, he declared his obedience to the Nanjing National Government with the decisive action of "changing the flag in the Northeast". Soon after, Zhang Xueliang issued "Never Hinder Unified Electrification" to the National Government, which promoted the formal reunification of China! Later, he was appointed as the commander of the northeast frontier defense and the deputy commander of the army, navy and air force by the National Government. Since then, China has been unified for the first time since 19 1 1. Although there are still many problems in this reunification, it is an epoch-making event in the history of the Republic of China. At this point, Zhang Xueliang played an important role.

Historical conditions for the change of flag in Northeast China

(1) Zhang Xueliang, first of all, he has always opposed the civil war, advocated putting national interests first and hoped for national reunification; Furthermore, Zhang Xueliang admired the Northern Expeditionary Army at that time. He believed that the Northern Expeditionary Army not only had strong fighting capacity, but also had a set of political work that the army lacked. He once said to people, "What are we fighting for? Feng Jun went south to Hebei, Shandong and Henan and occupied many places, but even a county magistrate was not sent. "

Third, because Chiang Kai-shek is the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, Zhang Xueliang unilaterally recorded all the achievements of the Northern Expedition launched through state cooperation and Soviet aid on Chiang Kai-shek, thus thinking that Chiang Kai-shek has the ability to unify China. "I, Zhang Xueliang, have no ability to unify China, but I can unify China, and I sincerely obey." Finally, Zhang Xueliang's contribution is the most outstanding.

In order to realize the flag change at an early date, Zhang Xueliang set up a delegation composed of Wang, Xing Shilian, Mi Chunlin and Xu Zuyi in early July, and went to Shanhaiguan to discuss the flag change with the National Government. Zhang Xueliang told Chiang Kai-shek that there is no doubt about changing the flag and implementing the Three People's Principles, but there are four problems that need to be solved urgently, namely, diplomacy, party affairs, political affiliation and stopping military operations against Jehol. After properly handling various problems, he initially intends to change his name on July 2 1.

(2) Japan's push back.

Lin Hisajiro, Consul General of Japan in Fengtian, met with Zhang Xueliang and demanded the implementation of the new five-party agreement between Manchuria and Mongolia. Zhang Xueliang replied: "The bomb in Huanggutun has destroyed all the documents in the car, and everything is groundless. The next day, Lin Hisajiro visited Zhang Xueliang again and handed over a letter from Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka to Zhang Xueliang, in which he once again opposed "changing the flag and changing the flag" in Northeast China and demanded the implementation of the so-called "Japanese secret agreement". Zhang Xueliang was extremely dissatisfied with Japan's warning, but at the same time he felt threatened. In order to avoid Japanese military intervention, he decided to postpone the flag change date. In his telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, he said: "My brother is now in a dilemma. He doesn't change his flag, not for my brother, not for the whole country, not for the elders in the three northeastern provinces. My brother will know about Fengyuan. " Later, during the talks, Zhang Xueliang had a heated argument with He Jiujiro. Zhang Xueliang was filled with indignation and said to the people around him: "The Japanese side has deceived me too much, and the oath will change, that is, I died under the banner of Right Heaven. "

(3) Unification is an inevitable trend of historical development. As General Zhang said, the reunification of the North and the South is the aspiration of the people. People of all ethnic groups in China are looking forward to the early peaceful reunification of the motherland. Coupled with the intervention of the same national ideology, China achieved formal unity.

The Historical Significance of Changing Signs in Northeast China

The flag was successfully changed and officially unified, and the unity of the Chinese nation enhanced the cohesion of the nation. Beiyang warlords withdrew from the historical stage. Chiang Kai-shek won the reputation of completing the Northern Expedition and unifying the whole country, thus mastering the central political power in Nanjing. The historical trend of seeking unity and resisting Japan is completely correct, which accords with the historical development direction and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This is an important event in China's modern history and one of the most commendable patriotic feats of General Zhang Xueliang's life. The change of flag in Northeast China shows that Zhang Xueliang is both Zhang's heir and his father's traitor. He opposed Zhang's pro-Japanese position of "repaying kindness" and replaced it with the goal of eradicating Japan's special position in Manchuria, thus turning the warlord in Fengzhi from pro-Japanese to anti-Japanese.

In a word, Zhang Xueliang played a vital role in the process of changing flags in Northeast China.