Guan Yunde, male, was born in 1948, Manchu in Jiutai City, Jilin Province. Junior high school culture * * * party member. Influenced by his mother and aunt since childhood, he fell in love with Manchu folk paper-cutting creation. Eight paper-cuts of the first novel "Eight-character physique glows" were published in Changchun Singing, and the paper-cuts were published many times and adopted. The farmer's painting "Endless Grains" was selected for the Beijing National Art Exhibition, and hundreds of paper-cut handicrafts reflecting local characteristics and folk customs were cut out for the foreign affairs department of Jilin Province and presented to foreign friends in dozens of countries and regions.

Chinese name: Guan Yunde

Nationality: China.

Nationality: Manchu

Date of birth: 1948

Occupation: artist

Representative works: Haidong Qingbaizi

The life of the character

One hundred paper-cuts of "Green Baizi in Haidong" by Guan Yunde were collected by Siping College and Shenyang Folk Village. Paper-cuts based on 100 shaman goddesses and sloppy masks created by Manchu were also collected by Korean and Soviet scholars. He was well received at the 7th International Shaman Culture Seminar, and took a group photo with Mr. Hoppal, Chairman of the International Shaman Research Association, and Mr. Bai Gengsheng, Vice Chairman. He wrote paper-cut textbooks for primary schools in the town, illustrated Wang Songlin's Theory of Shaman Culture, and illustrated five books by Cao Baoming. His paper-cut works have won many awards in exhibitions inside and outside the province and have been compiled into picture books. His paper-cutting won prizes in paper-cutting competitions in Heilongjiang and Zhejiang provinces, and his paper "Manchu Wine Culture" won the third prize in Changbai Mountain Seminar. More than 50 articles on Manchu folk customs have been published in newspapers and periodicals. His published works include Luo Guan's Genealogy, Jumping Home God, Manchu First Village, Tales of Manchu Customs and Legends, and Guan Yunde's Manchu Paper-cutting. In 2004, he participated in Manchu folk editing in Jilin City and Jiutai City, and was hired as the deputy director by the Paper-cut Association of Changchun CPPCC, and the paper-cut was compiled into a picture album. Changchun University and Changchun Normal Shaman Culture Research Center were hired as researchers and researchers. He is now a member of China Folk Writers Association and compiled into a dictionary, a member of Jilin Folk Writers Association, a member of Folklore Society, a member of Changbai Mountain Cultural Research Association, a director of Changchun Folk Writers Association, a vice chairman of Jiutai Folk Artists Association, a director of Jilin Manchu Paper-cut Association, a folk artist, a member of Jilin Manchu Cultural Research Association, a member of Helen Paper-cut Association and a member of Jiutai CPPCC. Paper-cut works were included in the album "China Calligraphy Art Treasures".

Folk inheritance

impression

Guan Yunde's home is in Qitamu Town, Jiutai City. He had long heard of Guan Yunde's paper-cutting art. When he really met him, he was still surprised that such an artist was so approachable.

Learn to make drums from my father since childhood.

Guan Yunde, a 70-year-old Manchu, is the only shaman drum maker in China. Guan Yunde's skill in making shaman drums is ancestral, and it is the thirteenth generation to come here. Guan Yunde has been making shaman drums with his father since he was a teenager. Because of diligence and cleverness, the traditional shaman god is now in his hands, not only the ancient style remains the same, but also has a new form.

When it comes to playing drums, it's even better.

The reporter picked up a magic drum and found that this kind of drum is very different from the one we see every day. First of all, the shaman drum is a one-sided drum, with only one side covered with sheepskin and a grappling ring on the other side, which connects four directions and has ***8 strings. Guan Yunde said that this represents "all directions", and there is a string of copper coins tied to the drum, which is also eight.

Speaking of drums, Guan Yunde talks a lot. He said that the drum depends on the skin. After the drums are finished, there must be drums and whips. He picked up a small stick with cloth on the case and told reporters that it was a drum whip.

Speaking of excitement, let's start the show.

In Guan Yunde's room, the reporter found a unique drum, saying that it is different because it is not a snow-white drum, but a shaman drum with patterns. Guan Yunde told reporters that in fact, traditional drums do not draw patterns. He is thinking about getting the traditional shaman drum out of the mystery, hoping to apply his paper-cutting art to the innovative production of drum patterns, and prepare to draw various traditional Manchu patterns and patterns on the drum and develop them into tourist souvenirs.

Speaking of excitement, Guan Yunde also found out the waist bell, improvised drums and performed.

Learn paper-cutting from my mother since childhood.

Speaking of Guan Yunde, one more thing can't be said, that is, he is also a Manchu paper-cut artist. The art of paper-cutting also comes from family traditions. Guan Yunde's Mother and Menstruation are both masters of folk paper-cutting. When she was very young, Guan Yunde watched her mother and cut paper during menstruation. What fascinates him most is the wet nurse. In Guan Yunde's thick paper-cut works, the reporter saw many wet nurses.

In addition to the wet nurse, Guan Yunde also has a set of paper-cut works that he is very proud of, that is, the paper-cut of the 100 goddesses in Manchu myths and legends. Since 1986, Guan Yunde has devoted himself to studying Manchu folk customs and paper-cutting art. He has always hoped to express these endangered myths and legends in his own unique way. Now, he has finally created this group of paper-cut works.

Skills are passed on to family members, and everyone is a master.

When interviewed by the reporter, 9-year-old Guan Xingyu has been running around his grandfather. Surprisingly, she can also cut beautiful paper-cuts. Guan Yunde told reporters that his skills of making shaman drums and paper-cutting have spread to his family. Every son, daughter-in-law and grandson can cut paper, all of which are masters. While speaking, Guan Yunde handed the scissors and paper to Guan Xingyu, and the little girl who had been skipping immediately sat down safely. Soon, a window flower was born in her little hand.

Today, Guan Yunde is officially recognized as "the outstanding inheritor of China folk culture", and his paper-cutting art is also being declared as a national intangible cultural heritage. Looking ahead, Guan Yunde has many ideas. The reporter also hopes that through the efforts of him, his family and more people, the shaman drum and Manchu-style paper-cutting can be completely preserved and passed down.

The magic drum has been handed down

summary

When I first met Guan Yunde, it was difficult for the reporter to associate the "skillful craftsman" with the farmer with a cloth apron and a dark face. His home is a typical farm yard in Northeast China, but as soon as he entered the room, the reporter was surprised. There is a hole in the sky here. The house I live in is very tight, with a study room and a whole wall full of books on Manchu culture and history. There are many works about Winder in the study, and different shapes of paper-cuts are stacked on desks and cabinets. Hanging on the wall and lying on the ground are all distinctive "drums of god". For decades, Guan Yunde has read widely and conducted extensive academic research. In the field of Manchu culture research, Guan Yunde is a veritable "scholar".

The reporter proposed to see the skills in the dark with his own eyes. Without saying anything, he pulled up a small wooden stool and sat down. He spread a large piece of cowhide on his leg, picked up scissors and cut out a moderate-sized drum skin three times and two times. Then pull a cane-like thing to form a drum circle and cover the cut drum skin. While pulling the drum skin, he nailed the joint between the drum skin and the drum ring. After some rambling tinkling, the drum skin was tightly attached to the drum circle, and a "magic drum" was completed in three to five minutes. "It's not difficult." The reporter thought. I didn't know until I asked, this is only the last process in the dark. It looks simple, but there is a lot of work to be done behind it.

Speaking of drums, Guan Yunde is full of energy: "Drums represent clouds and thunder. Drums are played for God to hear, so it is very important whether the drums are powerful or not." Guan Yunde said that there is a jingle passed down from generation to generation: "If you want to drum up the old white mountain, cut the rattan back to make a circle, cut it with a shovel, plane it round, make a grab ring with eight strings and eight big copper coins." I'm talking about the essence of this technique.

There are four steps to making a "magic drum".

Step 1: It is very important to choose the leather drum. The "magic drum" can be made of cowhide, deerskin and sheepskin. When choosing, you must choose those skins that have no edges at all after being torn. You can't use them directly. You should put them in a vat of lime water for three or four days first. If the temperature is not enough, it will waste many days, so you can't be in the dark all year round. Be sure to take out the temperature after May. After the leather is soaked, take it out and spread it on the wood. Scrape the outer layer with a scraper first, then turn it over, scrape off the inner layer of oil, and hang it on a pole to dry, which becomes a whiteboard skin, which can be stored away from light.

Step 2: Form a drum circle. There are several kinds of vines on Changbai Mountain, but "jujube vine" is the best. Broken in half, there is a "fishbone" inside, which can increase the thickness of the drum circle and will not be deformed for hundreds of years. Now, if you can't find "round jujube vines" in the deep mountains, use willow or plywood. In order to grasp the head, you must make a grappling ring. The grab ring is connected to four directions, and the eight strings represent "all directions". Finally, in order to dub the drum, eight big copper coins were tied.

The third step: _ whether the drum rings or not, the quality is good or not, and whether the drum is tight or not is the key. It doesn't ring if it's not tight. If you knock on it, the sound will "poof-poof". Only when it is tight will the sound get louder.

Step 4: Drum whip Drum whip is generally bamboo blank. Bake it with an alcohol lamp first, bend it so as not to puncture the drum, and then wrap it in cloth. Finally, it must be saved. Drums generally don't attract bugs, so they must be taken out to bask in the sun in the dog days.

Set up an "exhibition hall" on the kang.

"The biggest surname of Manchu is Guan surname. During the Shunzhi period, our ancestors came to Wula Street for generations to hunt down the emperor. If there is a sacrificial ceremony, there must be a shaman sacrificial vessel. If the ritual vessel is broken, someone will repair it. This task has been handed down from generation to generation in my family. My grandfather and father have been doing this for as long as I can remember. In my life, I am the only one who has learned it. My father's name is Guan Kai, and he is the head of our family. The oldest drum in the family has a history of more than 300 years. I can't tell you how much turmoil it has experienced before it is preserved to this day. " Guan Yunde said.

Guan Yunde's third son Guan told reporters: "I don't know where these ritual vessels would be if Grandpa hadn't risked his life to save them. According to the old rules, whoever burns incense last after ancestor worship, the ritual vessels will be placed in whose house. Unexpectedly, in the year of land reform, the ritual vessels were just put in a landlord's house and taken away together. Grandpa said that he refused and risked his life to get the ritual vessels back. "

Guan inherited this craft, and Guan Yunde proudly said, "If there is such a sacrifice at home, it must be passed down from generation to generation!"

During the interview, the reporter was also surprised to find that this farmer who usually makes a living by farming, his greatest wish is to inherit the rich culture of Manchu, and he has made painstaking efforts to this end. Every slack season, he goes to Manchu village in Fiona Fang, hundreds of miles away, and spends all his limited income on collecting Manchu's "hometown things". Slowly, his family couldn't let go, so he asked the village cadres, "Can this Manchu culture still be preserved?" Although it costs 40,000 ~ 50,000 yuan to build a Manchu folk custom "museum", the village can't afford the money, so it can only vacate a big tile house for him to put these precious "things". Now, there are more than 100 Manchu "antiques" on the kang of this tile house. Since then, Guan Yunde has been busier. Every year when he sells vegetables, the first thing he does is to make up the money and put in things that he has been thinking about for a long time. Whenever he is free, he always stays in that simple "exhibition hall", playing with those "treasures" and dusting himself.