Question 1: What is the main content of the outline of this topic? Steps to write an outline: (1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text. Abstract is the prototype of the content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then delete the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper. (2) Distribution of pages of manuscript paper After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and how many words should be written in each part of the thesis according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write 20 original papers (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to tell the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students. (3) The outline of writing an outline paper can be divided into a simple outline and a detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking. Take "Reflections on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, a simple outline can be written as: 1. Foreword 2 This theory (1) is the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market. (2) The basic situation of the current construction labor market. (3) The countermeasures for cultivating and perfecting the construction labor market. (3) The conclusion is to list the main arguments and development parts of the paper in detail. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you will be able to write more fluently. Let's take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example to introduce the writing of the detailed outline: 1. Preface 1. Put forward the central topic; 2. Explain the writing intention. Second, this theory (a) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market 1. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market; 2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market; 3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market; 4. The establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry. (2) The basic situation of the current construction labor market 1. A buyer's market where supply exceeds demand; 2. An invisible market with a market and no market; 3. It is easy to enter the deformed market that is difficult to exit; 4. Spontaneous market of disorderly trading. (3) Countermeasures for cultivating and perfecting the construction labor market 1. Unify thinking and understanding, and change spontaneous trading into conscious supervision; 2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change disorderly transactions into standardized transactions; 3. Improve the market network and change intangible transactions into tangible transactions; 4. Adjust the management structure and change personal flow into team flow; 5. Deepen employment reform and change one-way flow into two-way flow. Third, the conclusion 1 outlines the current situation of the construction labor market and our tasks; 2. Echo the preface at the beginning. The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you are thoughtful and meticulous, it is not a big problem to use a simple outline; However, if you are ill-considered and poorly investigated, you must use a detailed outline, otherwise it will be difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it will be much more convenient to write an outline before writing a graduation thesis. Third, how to draw up the outline of graduation thesis How to draw up the outline of graduation thesis? First of all, we should grasp the drafting principles of graduation thesis outline. For this reason, we should grasp the following four aspects: (1) We should have a global concept and check the status and role of each part in the thesis as a whole. See whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of each part is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the dialectical unity of deepening reform and stability in enterprises. Taking an enterprise in XX City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the author said that as long as cadres set an example in the reform and share joys and sorrows with employees, they can gain the understanding of most employees. From the overall concept analysis, we can find that only how to reform the enterprise can it be stable, and there is no theory ... >>

Question 2: How to write the outline of the research report? How to write a research report: the steps and contents of the research report (1), the title 1, the content type, the orientation and function of the topic selection; 2) Writing requirements: the title should be accurate; The title should be novel and diverse; The title should be concise; 2) Department name 1, signature method, collective signature and individual signature; 2) The contribution of the signature rule: put forward research ideas, undertake research work and solve key problems. (3) abstract keywords 1, abstract: central content, structure, main arguments and comments; The requirements are focused, concise and clear, generally without the first person, 200-300 words is appropriate. Academic papers should not exceed 1000 words, and relevant publications should have Chinese and English abstracts. 2. Keywords: must be standardized scientific terminology. Generally, each article has 3 to 5 keywords (keywords). Belongs to the pillar concept. (4) Preface 1, content: the origin of the problem; Literature review: definition of theme (explanation of conceptual terms) and statement of problems; Theoretical and practical significance of the research. 2. Writing requirements: the topic should be clearly and accurately stated and the center should be prominent; Evaluate other people's research results objectively, fairly, scientifically and accurately; Briefly introduce the motivation and significance of the research. (V) Text 1, content: It is necessary to comprehensively expound and demonstrate the contents and methods of the research, comprehensively and systematically sort out and analyze the data obtained in the research process, and put forward arguments, analytical arguments and arguments through charts, statistical results and documents, or through vertical development process or horizontal category analysis. The research report is divided into: 1, research object and method 2, research content and hypothesis 3, research steps and process 4, analysis and discussion of research results: the key part of the research report. A. qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, B. discussion of the research results. Results The reasons for the lack of materials were as follows: the research design lacked a systematic view, the thinking of discussing problems was narrow, the operation process was not in place, the operation measures were not implemented, and people could not have a profound feeling and experience. Lack of literature retrieval, lack of understanding of other people's research, lack of objectivity and support for their own results discussion. Measurement methods and means are difficult to determine, and data processing and analysis requirements are difficult to choose. The analysis and discussion of the results need the theoretical literacy and insight of researchers, and it is impossible to put forward the development direction for the next research. 2. Writing requirements: overall requirements: scientific and creative; Fairness and accuracy; Academics and popularization. The specific requirements are: 1, and the materials should be fully mastered. 2. Analysis and arrangement should be scientific. 3. Use charts appropriately. 4. The viewpoint materials should be unified. 5. Language use should be standardized. Correctly distinguish between academic concepts and life concepts, spoken language and written language. 6. Be careful when quoting arguments. Meet and confirm; Some good ideas in other people's views should be refined and synthesized; One-sided truth, pioneering thinking and careful judgment; Contrary to the authoritative point of view, find out what is wrong. (cite the past but not the present, cite foreign countries and China, cite publications and collections) 7. Internal logic should be strict. 8. The serial number of book titles should be standardized. 9. The discussion section should be concise. (vi) Conclusion 1. Content: Summary and generalization of the whole report. Summary of results (conclusion must point out which problems have been solved and which problems have not been solved? ); Future research prospects; Suggestions on education and teaching practice. 2. Requirements: summarize the full text, deepen the theme, reveal the law and point out the direction. (vii) Notes and references 1. Content: Books, publications, newspapers, Internet. Requirements: fully indicate the source (8) Appendix: questionnaires, scales, research materials, statistical data, plans, etc.

Question 3: The main content and writing outline of this research. /kloc-how to write the opening report at 0: 00?

The preparation work is to sort out the information to be collected first, including the title of the theme, the theoretical basis of the theme content, the theme, the participants, the organizational arrangement and division of labor, the estimated time and the budget of the funds.

The first is the formulation of the topic. The topic preparation has been established, and the topic of the opening report is no problem. Just write your research topic directly. For example, I want to guide students to the Lunjiao culture, such as Lunjiao cakes, Lunjiao woodworking machinery and Lunjiao cultural relics, such as research groups. The suggested topic is "Research on Lunjiao Culture".

The second is content writing. Including the following parts of the opening report:

The research background of. The so-called project background mainly refers to the research project, and some people just call this part "the question raised", which means why this question is raised and this question is raised. For example, I have a theme to guide the study of Lunjiao culture, which is part of the background description. That is to say, in the wave of reform, the Pearl River Delta, an iceberg of Buddhism, has developed rapidly in economy. At the same time, how is her cultural development and what achievements the residents have made have also improved. Of course, in the background, there are many people, regardless of social background or natural background. The most important thing is what kind of topic we decide.

The content of the investigation, as the name implies, is our theme investigation, such as the investigation content of eight scenic spots in Foshan directed by teacher Huang Shu of our school. The theme is: "Focus on the new eight scenic spots in Foshan, take stock of the historical and cultural precipitation of Foshan yesterday, today and tomorrow, and jointly develop the new eight scenic spots in Foshan, the feasibility of the meteorological report of the new eight scenic spots and the development trend of cultural tourism projects."

Third, the purpose and significance of the study.

The purpose of the study should describe the situation to be achieved or the results to be obtained in this study. The research topics directed by teacher Ye Shaomian in our school, such as "Re-taking the Long March Road", are listed in the description of its research objectives:

1 Reproduce the great achievements of Red Army soldiers in the Long March. Of course, recalling the spirit of the Long March and outlining the difficulties and obstacles encountered in the Long March have a deeper understanding and sentiment.

2. Promote the spirit of cooperation and self-introduction through the division of labor, exchange, display and explanation among students.

3, improve information technology, and further improve students' information literacy through activities.

Research methods.

In this part, the research method should put forward the thematic opportunities or procedures of the group to solve this problem. Generally speaking, the research methods of inquiry learning are: field investigation (by organizing the students' study office to make a field investigation and draw a conclusion), questionnaire survey (according to different topics and knowing some of their own content problems, asking relevant personnel in the form of questionnaire survey), personal interview (knowing first-hand materials in direct interviews) and literature review (drawing a conclusion by consulting various materials, charts, analysis and comparison). The proposed research methods should be based on their own actual situation and theme, not necessarily exhaustive, as long as they are practical.

Five-step research. check

The research steps, of course, mean that the purpose of the project is to realize the written research report through these steps. What this kind of thinking should focus on is that their theme may be preparing to complete several steps. Generally speaking, the basic steps of research are nothing more than the following aspects: preparation stage, data access stage, field investigation stage, questionnaire investigation stage, interview stage, data analysis and arrangement stage, and summary of the theme of reflection period.

The content includes: the division of labor between personnel and organizations.

It belongs to the management of research field, but it can't be ignored. Because management is not in place, students can't define their responsibilities. Sometimes it is lazy or shirking responsibility, and sometimes it is repetitive work. Therefore, the issue of the participation of the Department of Public Information in the Organization is crucial. It is best for all students to take part in this research and divide into several groups. Each group is responsible for the distribution and implementation of the group's election through democratic election of team leaders. Then according to the situation of the subject, it is divided into several main research tasks, which are part of a group. Finally, the team leader of the organization will summarize and sort it out. mutually

Seven problems in capital estimation.

One of the urgent tasks is bound to need some funds to start, so we must finally estimate the validity period of the funds, for example, how much money, the information to be collected, the site fee and distribution fee of the extra funds for field investigation, printing, and the occupation of the research group. Some problems need to buy some relevant materials and summarize the printing cost of the report data. The so-called "the army will not move, and the grain and grass will come first". Without sufficient financial support, the research will inevitably be difficult, stretched and even abandoned halfway. Therefore, funds ... >>

Question 4: The research steps, methods and measures of the design of the thesis opening report. How to write the opening report refers to the written explanation of the scientific research topic by the opening person. This is a new applied style with the enhancement of the planning of modern scientific research activities and the need of programmed management of scientific research topics. The opening report is a statement made by the questioner to relevant experts, scholars and scientific and technological personnel. Then they will comment on the scientific research topics. You can also use Delphi method to score; Then the scientific research management department comprehensively evaluates the opinions and decides whether to approve the project. The opening report is one of the basic materials for the graduation thesis defense Committee to examine students' defense qualifications. The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the researchers formally carry out the research, which initially stipulates the specific contents and steps of all aspects of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can avoid the situation that we don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.

The opening report includes four aspects: summary, key technology, feasibility analysis and time arrangement. Because the opening report reflects the main idea of the paper in words, it doesn't have to be too long, but the main issues such as the planned research topic, how to study and the application of theory should be clearly written. The opening report generally adopts tabular format, and each item to be reported is converted into the corresponding column to avoid omission; It is also convenient for the judges to see at a glance and grasp the main points.

The contents of the opening report generally include: topic selection, theoretical basis (the purpose and significance of graduation thesis topic selection, research status at home and abroad), research scheme (research objectives, research contents, research methods, research process, key problems and innovations to be solved), condition analysis (equipment, cooperative units and division of labor, staffing), project leader, start and end time, report outline, etc.

summary

The summary part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research situation of related topics, theoretical application and research methods.

summary

The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.

The report outline includes:

(1) The purpose, significance, research survey at home and abroad, main viewpoints and conclusions of relevant literature;

(2) Research object, research content, relevant indicators and main research methods (including whether experimental research has been conducted);

(3) the overall schedule;

(4) preparatory work and existing conditions (including personnel, instruments, equipment, etc.). );

(5) The main equipment and instruments to be added (use, name, specification, model, quantity, price, etc.). );

(6) Budget estimates;

(7) Expected research results;

(8) Undertaking units and main cooperative units, and division of labor, etc.

involve

The opening report shall include a list of relevant references.

ask

The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages. The layout format shall meet the following requirements.

Question 5: How to write the outline of library management system 1 project opening report? The basis of the topic selection of the thesis (design) (the purpose and significance of the topic selection, the research status and development trend at home and abroad, and the main references, etc. )

Second, the main research contents and expected objectives of the thesis (design)

Three. The main research scheme of the thesis (design) (research methods, preparation work and main measures to be adopted)

Fourth, the paper (design) research work schedule

Question 6: How to write the key points and difficulties in the opening report and the solutions to be taken? Hello, classmate, which direction did your teacher ask you to write your opening report? What are the requirements for the opening report? How many words does the opening report need? Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? I hope I can help you. Good luck with the topic selection of the opening report. Provide an example for reference only: opening report (style form) Title: Grade: Class: Achievement form: Completion time: Instructor: 1 The purpose and significance of the research. The main contents of the study are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3. Main methods and means of research 1, 2, 3. 5, 6, 7, Table 1- 1 Opening Report (tabular form) Subject: Project: Tutor: Team Leader: Team: Brief background description (how the project was proposed): Purpose and significance of the project: activity plan: 1) Division of tasks: field investigation: surfing the Internet: stages. 3) Experts to be visited: school teachers, etc. Summary of the format of the opening report (general) Because the opening report is the overall idea of the paper embodied in words, the length should not be too large, but the main issues such as the subject to be studied, how to study and the application of the theory should be clearly stated, which should include two parts: general and outline. The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic, the research status of related topics, the application of theory, research methods, necessary data and so on. The outline of the paper included in the outline opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue. Examples of the opening report are for reference only: Discussion on the marketing strategy of brand core strength ―― Taking Qingdao Haier Company as an example 1. Research background, overview and significance 1. Background and Overview: Marketing refers to a series of market-related business activities such as product production, circulation and after-sales service conducted by enterprises under the guidance of customer demand. As a planning and execution activity, marketing includes the development, production, pricing, promotion and circulation of a product, a service or an idea, and its purpose is to meet the needs of organizations or individuals through the process of exchange and transaction. Marketing is an enterprise activity and a purposeful and conscious behavior of enterprises. Meeting and guiding consumers' needs is the starting point and center of marketing activities. Enterprises must take consumers as the center, face the changing environment and make correct responses to meet the changing needs of consumers. Meeting the needs of consumers includes not only the current needs, but also the potential needs in the future. The current demand is the tendency to buy existing products, while the potential demand is the desire for a certain function of products that have not yet come out. Enterprises should develop products, use various marketing methods and guide consumers to generate new demands. With the stricter supervision of * * *, the standardized market and the increasing competitive pressure, it will become increasingly difficult to survive by relying on irregular marketing. Haier household appliances is the first brand of white goods in the world and the most valuable brand in China. Under the leadership of CEO Zhang Ruimin, Haier Group has successively implemented brand strategy, diversification strategy, internationalization strategy and global brand strategy. Now, Haier Group has formed a relatively stable market structure and established a sales channel suitable for enterprise development according to its own characteristics. However, with the change of marketing environment, especially the rapid expansion of chain business and the rapid development of e-commerce, the traditional marketing channel model can no longer adapt to modern times. & gt

Question 7: How to write JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ

Question 8: What are the key problems to be solved in the opening report? The problem to be solved in the paper refers to the problem that you will eventually solve in the paper.

Difficulty, which do you think is more difficult to do in the paper?

Such as collecting and processing data, solving problems, etc. You can write

The opening report mainly includes the following aspects:

(A) the name of the paper

The name of the paper is the name of the subject.

First, the name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy means that the title of the paper should clearly explain what the problem is and what the research object is. The name of the paper must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and you should accurately summarize your research objects and problems.

Second, the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.

(2) The purpose and significance of the research.

The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role this research has, and then writing the theoretical and academic value of the paper. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.

(3) The history and present situation of this thesis at home and abroad (literature review).

It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic.

(D) The guiding ideology of the thesis research

The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met. This direction or requirement can be philosophy, political theory, educational development planning, and guiding opinions on research issues.

(E) the goal of writing a thesis

The goal of thesis writing is the specific goal to be achieved at the end of the project, and what specific problems to be solved is the predetermined goal of this thesis: namely, the goal orientation of this thesis writing, the goal should be closely related to the project, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear.

Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied.

When determining the goal of thesis writing, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the subject itself, on the other hand, we should examine the actual working conditions and work level.

(6) The basic content of the paper.

The research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, people often don't consider it very specifically. The research content of writing is particularly general and vague, and the purpose and significance of writing are taken as the research content.

The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the topic of the paper. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ Definition of theories, nouns, terms and concepts related to this writing.

(7) Writing methods of papers

Specific writing methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on.

(eight) the steps of thesis writing

The steps of thesis writing are also the arrangement of the time and order of thesis writing. The steps of writing a thesis should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally speaking, it starts with the basic problems and is carried out in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there must be rules. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; I hope I can help you with the start and end time of each stage.

Graduation design (thesis) is the last important learning link for students before graduation, and it is an important process of deepening and sublimation of learning. It is not only a comprehensive summary of students' learning, research and practice achievements, but also a comprehensive test of students' quality and ability, and it is also an important basis for students' graduation qualification and degree qualification certification. In order to ensure the quality of undergraduate graduation design (thesis) in our university, the writing standard of undergraduate graduation design (thesis) of Tongji University is formulated.

I. Composition of graduation design (thesis) materials A. Graduation design (thesis) task book; B. Graduation design (thesis) performance evaluation book; C. Graduation ... >>

Question 9: How to write the outline of the research report? How to write a research report: the steps and contents of the research report (1), the title 1, the content type, the orientation and function of the topic selection; 2) Writing requirements: the title should be accurate; The title should be novel and diverse; The title should be concise; 2) Signature 1, signature method, collective signature and individual signature; 2) The contribution of signature rules: putting forward research ideas, undertaking research work and solving key problems. (3) abstract keywords 1, abstract: central content, structure, main arguments and comments; The requirements are focused, concise and clear, generally without the first person, 200-300 words is appropriate. Academic papers should not exceed 1000 words, and relevant publications should have Chinese and English abstracts. 2. Keywords: must be standardized scientific terminology. Generally, each article has 3 to 5 keywords (keywords). Belongs to the pillar concept. (4) Preface 1, content: the origin of the problem; Literature review: definition of theme (explanation of conceptual terms) and statement of problems; Theoretical and practical significance of the research. 2. Writing requirements: the topic should be clearly and accurately stated and the center should be prominent; Evaluate other people's research results objectively, fairly, scientifically and accurately; Briefly introduce the motivation and significance of the research. (V) Text 1, content: It is necessary to comprehensively expound and demonstrate the contents and methods of the research, comprehensively and systematically sort out and analyze the data obtained in the research process, and put forward arguments, analytical arguments and arguments through charts, statistical results and documents, or through vertical development process or horizontal category analysis. The research report is divided into: 1, research object and method 2, research content and hypothesis 3, research steps and process 4, analysis and discussion of research results: the key part of the research report. A. qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, B. discussion of the research results. Results The reasons for the lack of materials were as follows: the research design lacked a systematic view, the thinking of discussing problems was narrow, the operation process was not in place, the operation measures were not implemented, and people could not have a profound feeling and experience. Lack of literature retrieval, lack of understanding of other people's research, lack of objectivity and support for their own results discussion. Measurement methods and means are difficult to determine, and data processing and analysis requirements are difficult to choose. The analysis and discussion of the results need the theoretical literacy and insight of researchers, and it is impossible to put forward the development direction for the next research. 2. Writing requirements: overall requirements: scientific and creative; Fairness and accuracy; Academics and popularization. The specific requirements are: 1, and the materials should be fully mastered. 2. Analysis and arrangement should be scientific. 3. Use charts appropriately. 4. The viewpoint materials should be unified. 5. Language use should be standardized. Correctly distinguish between academic concepts and life concepts, spoken language and written language. 6. Be careful when quoting arguments. Meet and confirm; Some good ideas in other people's views should be refined and synthesized; One-sided truth, pioneering thinking and careful judgment; Contrary to the authoritative point of view, find out what is wrong. (cite the past but not the present, cite foreign countries and China, cite publications and collections) 7. Internal logic should be strict. 8. The serial number of book titles should be standardized. 9. The discussion section should be concise. (vi) Conclusion 1. Content: Summary and generalization of the whole report. Summary of results (conclusion must point out which problems have been solved and which problems have not been solved? ); Future research prospects; Suggestions on education and teaching practice. 2. Requirements: summarize the full text, deepen the theme, reveal the law and point out the direction.