Abstract: Speech act theory holds that when a person speaks, he carries out three kinds of behaviors at the same time: narrative behavior, agency behavior, non-narrative behavior and completion behavior. According to this theory, in the process of translation, the translator should strive to make the translation absolutely equivalent to the original in three aspects: the real intention of the agent, the language form of the narrative behavior, the expressive effect of the completed behavior or the communicative consequences. Due to the existence of cultural differences, translators should abandon the narrative behavior of the original text and pursue the equivalence between the translated text and the original text in terms of realization behavior and achievement behavior. Paper Keywords: Speech Act Theory; Revelation; Reader response 1. Speech act theory Speech act theory was put forward by British philosopher and linguist J Austin in 1960s, and was supplemented and perfected by American linguist Searle. It is an important theory to explain human language communication from the perspective of behavior. Austin believes that language can be used not only to state and describe things, but also to implement certain behaviors. In his view, when a person speaks, in most cases, he conducts three behaviors at the same time: 1 narrative behavior 1ocutionaryact, that is, the behavior of "speaking" itself is roughly the same as that of "meaning" in the traditional sense, which refers to sounds, syllables, spoken words, phrases and sentences; Illocutlonaryact refers to the act of speaking, that is, the real intention expressed by the speaker through literal meaning; Perlocutionaryact refers to the communicative effect of speech, that is, what the speaker says has an influence or effect on the feelings, thoughts and behaviors of the listener or others. For example, when the husband came home from work, he said to his wife, "I'm hungry." He carried out three behaviors at the same time: narrative behavior-telling his wife that he is hungry now; Agent behavior-asking his wife to prepare food for himself; His wife listened to him and brought him food. Among these three behaviors, the narrative behavior itself cannot constitute verbal communication, and the accomplished behavior has great uncertainty. Only the actions are consistent with the speaker's intention, which is the core of speech act theory. Austin did not hesitate to spend a lot of energy to classify the words of the agent according to their linguistic power, but unfortunately, his classification is actually not to classify the agent, but to classify the action verbs. American philosopher Searle revised and developed Austin's speech act theory in 1976. He believes that speech acts should be divided into the following five categories according to the actor's own behavior or the speaker's real intention: advocacy behavior, instruction behavior, commitment behavior, commitment behavior, expression behavior and declaration behavior. Searle's classification method has received positive response from people as soon as it was put forward, and it has been widely accepted and applied. Second, the enlightenment of speech act theory to translation As we all know, translation is a cross-cultural communication activity, "that is, the closest and most natural equivalent N- present information is used in the target language, meaning first, then style". The highest goal of translation is to accurately reproduce the meaning of the original author in the target language, so that the translated text and the original text are "equivalent" in terms of information and expression effect. Austin and Searle's research on speech act theory is of positive guiding significance to translation practice. According to this theory, the author believes that the scientific translation process should include the following steps: first, the translator should read the original text carefully word by word, and deeply understand the exact meaning of the original text, that is, the author's expressive intention-the author's real intention to act as an agent and its expressive effect of realizing things; Then, the translator should seek an expression that can accurately express the true intention of the original author and has the same expression effect in the target language. Finally, the translator should revise the selected expression repeatedly, so as to make the translation and the original text as "equivalent" as possible in expression effect. Only the translation that is "equivalent" to the original text to the greatest extent in terms of expression content, expression effect and expression narrative behavior is an excellent translation. Specifically, speech act theory has the following implications for translation practice. With the help of dictionaries, we can capture the exact meaning of the original text through word meaning discrimination and grammatical analysis. For example, Mr. Collins has a plan to hold an all-inclusive party here, which is a kind smile of the mother and daughter. J. Austin: pirdandpreju-dice, Ch. 14, V.II This is a sentence from the English novel Pride and Prejudice. Mrs Doblin boasted there that Mr Darcy was "very sad" to leave home. As soon as Mr. Collins listened to the benefactor's words, he quickly "complimented" and tolerated, which made both mother and daughter very happy. With the help of English dictionary, allure means hint, so we can infer that Mr. Collins must be implying that Mr. Darcy was so sad when he left because he was attached to Miss Doblin. So this sentence can be translated into: "Speaking of which, Mr. Collins quickly complimented and hinted at the reason." Both mother and daughter laughed. " Language is inseparable from context, also known as context, which always has definite meaning in a certain context. Pronouns and references in English are very vague and uncertain. Only in a specific context can we determine their meanings. For example, the English word mine only has meaning in a specific context such as Minei * * * uchbetterthanhisear ... And at different times, places and occasions, people discuss different topics, and the same word will have different meanings and convey different information when the speaker's identity is different. Therefore, in the process of translation, the translator should pay special attention to the relationship between the language and the context it relies on, which is very important for accurately grasping the behavior of the information subject conveyed by the original text and choosing the appropriate expression in the target language. Take the English phrase "eon" as an example. In the following five different contexts, its meaning is completely different, and of course the corresponding Chinese translation is also different. 1.eon！ It's so cold that we'll be late. 2.eon！ Welcome to our party. 3.e, go! I told you. 4.e, go! Can you stop this story? 5. Tom Come on. In the sentence 1, the speaker urges the living to go to the theater, so it can be translated as "Hurry up, we will be late for the play!" In the second sentence, the speaker encourages the listeners to attend their party, so it can be translated as "Come on, welcome to our party!" " In the third sentence, the speaker tries to attract the attention of the listener, so it can be translated as "hello, I'm talking to you!" " In the fourth sentence, it is obvious that the speaker has a negative attitude towards what the listener said before, so it can be translated as "stop talking nonsense!" " In the fifth sentence, Tom's practical joke makes the speaker very angry, so it can be translated as "Stop it, Tom!" " . Second, when translating, we should choose appropriate expressions. To achieve the best expression effect, the appropriate expression method is the means to achieve the best expression effect. On the basis of behavioral equivalence in ideological content, the translator should also revise the translation repeatedly to make the translation and the original "equivalent" in expression effect, that is, completion behavior, and "equivalent" in language expression form and narrative behavior as much as possible. This is an important criterion to measure the success of translation. In the words of Eugene Nida, an American translator, "it is to make the readers of the translation and the readers of the original produce the same reaction when reading the works and feel the charm of a foreign culture." This requires translators to fully consider the differences between the target culture and the source culture when organizing translation, and flexibly use various translation methods to make the translation look like the original. For example, in our Chinese, "This mountain looks taller than that one." The corresponding English translation is "The Grass on the Other of Fencei is Greener". In many cases, the structural arrangement, image description and rhetorical devices of the original text all contain the author's intention. If you change it at will in translation, it may weaken the expression effect of the original text and even distort its meaning. Therefore, in the process of translation, the translator should keep the original style as much as possible on the basis of expressing the meaning. For example, Whitman's familiar poem: Ah, Captain! Captain m y Captain 65438+O! My captain! Our terrible trip is over, the ship has weathered the wind and rain, we won the trophy, the ship sank, the bell rang, people rejoiced and watched the stable keel, and the ship was teetering. ButO heart! Heart! My captain lay on the deck and died cold. Whitman: Ah, Captain! My Captain is a solemn and sad elegy written by Whitman after Lincoln's death. This poem is written in the form of traditional metrical poems and is divided into three sections with eight lines each. The first four lines are longer and the last four lines are shorter. Their arrangement is like a ship and a map of the United States, which reflects the author's metaphor all the time: he compares the United States to a ship sailing at sea, and Lincoln is the helmsman of this ship. If the translator only pays attention to conveying the original poem and ignores its unique form, it is impossible for the target readers to understand the figurative meaning of the original poem intuitively as the source readers do. Third, in translation, it is necessary to understand that the same language structure is abandoned because of cultural differences, and sometimes the meanings in English and Chinese are very different. If we blindly pursue the consistency of narrative behavior between the translated text and the original text in language form when translating works, the result will be the inequality in ideological content and expression effect. Therefore, in the case that the three cannot have both, the translator should abandon the narrative behavior of the original and pursue the equivalence between the translated text and the original in implementation behavior and achievement behavior. For example, Westerners often use "wet paint! "Warning people to stay away from paint. If we translate it into "wet paint!" "China readers may just regard it as a general judgment, do not understand its real intention as an agent, and do not respond to warnings. Therefore, in this case, the translator can only give up the language form of the original text and translate it into "wet paint!" Or "Don't touch the paint! ".Only in this way can this notice serve as a warning to readers in China. There are many other notices that should be translated in this way, such as Outofbounds! Tourists stop! Keepofthegrass！ Don't step on the lawn! TicketsHold—-only for individuals! Admission by ticket! Anyone but Staf! No one is allowed unless he works in this office! Don't look! No smoking! , and so on. Another typical example is that in western society, people sometimes put up a notice on the back of the car, "Babyonboard!" Obviously, this is a warning to the driver behind to keep his distance. If it is directly translated into "children on the board" or "children in the car", it will not have any warning function for those who don't understand western culture in China. Instead, translate "Be careful! There are children in the car! "The author's real intention will be clearly expressed, and China readers will do the same thing as British readers-take your time! In short, in the process of translation, the translator should first try to make the translation and the original text as equal as possible in ideological content and expression effect, and then try to make the translation and the original text equal in speech form and narrative behavior. Thirdly, the ideal conclusion translation should make the translation and the original absolutely equivalent in terms of ideological content, speech form, expression effect and reflection in the target audience. However, as mentioned above, due to the cultural differences between China and the West, sometimes the translator must make a choice, give up the pursuit of equivalence between the translated text and the original text in terms of speech rhythm, speech style, narrative behavior of speech aesthetic value, and seek equivalence between the translated text and the original text in terms of ideological content, expression effect and reader's response behavior.