Family financial management is an economic activity to manage one's own wealth and improve the efficiency of wealth use. Financial management is also the scientific and rational operation of capital and liability assets. Generally speaking, financial management is the way to make money, save money and spend money. Financial management is financial management.

Speaking of financial management, it is a very common thing, but it is actually very learned. Family financial management is a new practical science, which is a marginal science guided by economics (pursuing the goal of maximization), based on accounting (objective and faithful records) and taking finance as a means (planning and meeting future financial needs and maintaining the balance of assets and liabilities).

Since family financial management is a science, we should treat it with a scientific and rational attitude. Only in this way can we achieve the purpose of financial management.

Second, the definition of family finance

Conceptually speaking, the so-called family financial management is to learn to handle and use money effectively and reasonably, so as to maximize the effectiveness of one's expenses and meet the needs of daily life to the greatest extent. In short, family financial management is to plan and manage the family economy (mainly family income and expenditure) by means of corporate financial management and finance, so as to strengthen the family economic strength, improve the ability to resist risks and increase the family utility. Broadly speaking, reasonable family financial management will also save social resources, improve social welfare and promote the stable development of society.

From a technical point of view, family financial management is to use the principle of increasing income and reducing expenditure to achieve the economic goals that a family hopes to achieve in the most reasonable way. Such goals range from purchasing household appliances and traveling, to buying a car, buying a house, saving children's education funds, and arranging for retirement.

Overall, family financial planning includes three aspects: first, setting family financial goals; Secondly, grasp the current income and expenditure and assets and liabilities; Finally, how to use investment channels to increase family wealth.

Third, the main content of family financial management

Generally speaking, a complete family financial planning includes the following aspects:

1. Career planning. To choose a career, we must first correctly evaluate our personality, ability, hobbies and outlook on life, then collect a lot of information about job opportunities and recruitment conditions, and finally determine the work goal and the plan to achieve this goal.

2. Consumption and savings plan. You must decide how much of a year's income is used for current consumption and how much for saving. The tasks related to the plan are to prepare the balance sheet, annual income and expenditure statement and budget statement.

3. Debt Plan We must manage the debt, control it at an appropriate level, and reduce the debt cost as much as possible.

4. Insurance plan. With the success of your career, you have more and more fixed assets, and you need property insurance and personal credit insurance. In order for your children to live happily after you leave, you need life insurance. More importantly, in order to deal with diseases and other accidental injuries, you need medical insurance, because hospitalization expenses may wipe out your savings.

5. Investment plan. When our savings are increasing day by day, the most urgent thing is to find a portfolio that can give consideration to profitability, security and liquidity.

6. The retirement plan mainly includes the demand for consumption after retirement and how to meet these needs without working. It is not enough to rely solely on social endowment insurance. You must accumulate a retirement fund as a supplement when you have the ability to work.

7. Income tax plan Personal income tax is the government's sharing of personal success. On the basis of the law, you can completely achieve the effect of legal tax avoidance by adjusting your behavior.

4. Family financial management tools:

1. savings

2. Real estate

Skills and methods of investing in real estate;

(1) Choosing a suitable investment location

(B) choose the right investment varieties

(C) choose the right way of real estate investment

Risks that should be paid attention to when investing in real estate

External risk

Internal risk

3. stocks

4. Funds

Fund investment skills

(1) Find the right time to start.

(B) to build a reasonable combination

(3) Choose a fund that suits you.

(d) Buy a new fund or an old fund?

(5) purchasing funds from banks or securities companies.

(6) How to buy funds at low cost

Misunderstandings that should be paid attention to in investment funds

(A) only pay attention to income, ignoring risks.

(B) investment expectations are too high

(3) speculate in funds like stock trading.

(D) blindly believe that index funds are the best.

5. National debt

All kinds of national debt

Bearer (physical) bonds

(2) Voucher-type national debt

(3) Book-entry treasury bonds

Investing in national debt also requires skill.

(A) hierarchical investment planning method

(2) Successive equal purchase and amortization method

(3) Pyramid operation method

6. golden

7. Insurance:

Types of insurance products:

(1) endowment insurance (2) medical insurance (3) family property insurance (4) education insurance (5) investment insurance (6) auto insurance.

Problems needing attention in insurance investment:

(1) Insurance should also be done according to one's ability.

(2) Buying insurance requires scientific planning.

(3) Understand the insurance contract

(four) the main points that need to be paid attention to when handling insurance

(5) How to avoid the sales trap of insurance companies?

(six) consider adjusting the policy regularly.

(7) Insurance related terms

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the necessity of family financial management

With the growth of family income and wealth and the increase of market uncertainty, family financial management (savings and investment) has become more and more important. And we all know that it is not easy to maintain a family in modern society, especially to make a family live a good life. Because living inevitably involves the necessary economic burden, if a family does not have the minimum economic ability to bear the needs of each family, then the family will inevitably disintegrate and family members cannot survive in the family.

How to manage the family economy well is a crucial issue to maintain a family and live a good life. Therefore, family financial management is an important topic that cannot be ignored in front of every family. When it comes to family financial management, some people will think that our country is not rich. Most people have low family income, no spare money to save and no family financial management. In fact, this is an incorrect view. Maybe some of your relatives and friends, whose income is not much different from their own, are richer and have little savings. In contrast, sometimes you are short of money, which means that every family should pay attention to family financial management.

An overview of financial management of middle-income families in small and medium-sized cities

The accounting trend of middle-income families shows that their lives are relatively stable, and they are divorced from the fact that they are running around for rice, oil and salt, so their first thought is accumulation. Although there is no certain purpose, it can be concluded that they are planning for the future; In consumption, they tend to luxury goods, which shows that a considerable part of their usual financial resources are stored, and there are few opportunities to spend money on their hobbies and interests; For investment, they put fantasy first, lacking market awareness and necessary investigation. This 1 0,000 yuan has also greatly changed their bookkeeping process.

When many middle-income people reach middle age, there is an urgent situation of "there are old people at home and young people at home": on the one hand, their parents are old and their diseases are increasing, and they need the strong support and help of their children; On the other hand, children are still young, can't stand on their own feet, spend a lot of money, and need parents to give priority to financial support. Various factors have come together to make these families exhausted. Due to limited financial resources, it is easy for them to rob Peter to pay Paul, completely disrupting the accounting plan. But what is even more worrying is that these middle-aged accountants only pay attention to the immediate difficulties, but often ignore some of their own changes, such as downplaying their own maintenance and lacking energy and funds to study, so their own health changes and social changes are likely to become new and greater difficulties, and they will flock to them.

Seven, the case of middle-income families in small and medium-sized cities

Mr. Tang, a middle-level manager of a large state-owned enterprise in Chengdu, earns 8,000 yuan a month after tax. He is 32 years old and has been married for three years. He has a daughter who has just turned five months old. My wife is an executive of a company with a monthly income of 6000 yuan. Both husband and wife have five insurances and one gold.

Mr. Tang now owns the property 1 10 m2, which is unsecured. In addition, I bought a 90-square-meter house with a down payment of10.5 million and a monthly payment of 4,500. The family's monthly basic living expenses are 5,000 yuan/month, and the monthly balance is about 2,500 yuan. In addition, the couple's year-end bonus is 20,000 yuan, the insurance premium is 7,000 yuan/year, the interest on deposits and bonds is about 5,000 yuan, and the miscellaneous expenses are about 3,000 yuan.

The annual income of Mr. Tang's family is 65,438+069,000 yuan, and the annual balance after deducting expenditure items is 45,000 yuan. From the investment direction of assets, Mr. Tang's investment channels are scattered, mainly deposits and bonds, with low returns and weak overall asset appreciation.

Financial advice

From the perspective of liquidity ratio, Mr. Tang should learn to use his existing assets for rational asset allocation. Mr. Tang should reserve some funds in his daily life as a guarantee fund for daily life and emergencies. Mr. Tang Can set the current ratio at 4, that is, the protection fund to be reserved is four times the average monthly household expenditure, that is, 38,000 yuan.

In order to ensure the balance between liquidity and profitability of these funds, Mr. Tang Can used part of them for current savings to ensure daily living expenses, and the other part for money market funds, so as to find a good "money way" for himself while maintaining liquidity.

Judging from Mr. Tang's situation, with the growth of children's age, Mr. Tang's financial burden of raising children is definitely increasing. Therefore, Mr. Tang must make a good education plan in advance to ensure that the baby can receive a good education. According to the inflation rate of 5%, the insurance products about education purchased in the market at present are not enough to meet the cost of children's future higher education, and other investment methods must be chosen to make up for this part of the funding gap.

The spare money of 45,000 yuan accumulated by Mr. Tang every year can find more "money ways" for himself. Mr. Tang's family members are not very old and can bear higher risks. However, it should be noted that the capital investment of high-risk wealth management products should be controlled as much as possible within 25% of assets. At this stage, Mr. Tang Can paid close attention to the capital market and chose products such as stocks, foreign exchange and QDII.

At present, Mr. Tang's insurance consumption is 7,000 yuan/year, but he may choose investment-linked insurance, which is not liquid and takes up a lot of funds. At the same time, their family's key insurance was not purchased. The financial planner suggested that Mr. and Mrs. Tang each buy a critical illness insurance and supplement accident insurance. Because the Tang couple have five insurances and one gold in the company, the current insurance ratio can meet the current family risk demand; In the future, with the growth of age, other types of insurance will be added regularly.

Eight, some financial suggestions for middle-income families in small and medium-sized cities

Middle-income families in small and medium-sized cities have moderate but relatively stable incomes and need to take care of their parents and raise their children, which is a typical situation of ordinary white-collar families in cities. This kind of family has weak risk tolerance, so we should pay attention to stability in investment and financial management, but we should also prevent being too passive and conservative. Only by appropriately expanding investment channels and cultivating investment and financial management ability can the quality of life be gradually improved.

1, and gradually broaden investment channels. At present, the investment structure is simple and conservative, but it should not be too radical based on the structure of family members and the nature of work. It can be adjusted to a stable investment structure, mainly by enriching investment channels with low risks to achieve the purpose of increasing income. According to its investment preference, it is suggested to maintain the existing bank deposits and national debt investment, and use the accumulated funds to purchase bank wealth management products, investment funds with better returns and investment-linked insurance in the future. The actual demand for family members to buy more insurance is not obvious. If you are interested, you can consider buying dividend insurance for young couples and getting personal accident protection at the same time.

Increase investment income; At the same time, you can buy growth investment insurance products for your children after they are born; According to the family income and expenditure level and its actual needs, the insurance expenditure can be controlled within the range of 6000-9000 yuan/year.

2. Reduce debt. According to the structure of family members, the cost of living will continue to rise gradually in the future; With the current economic base, income level and capital accumulation ability, paying off the housing mortgage loan in advance will not reduce the economic burden, but maintaining the current monthly payment quota is more conducive to reducing the payment pressure.

3. Steadily improve the quality of life. Because of its weak economic foundation, it still needs to rely on long-term accumulation and investment income; And family members are old and young. Therefore, it is suggested to keep a relatively calm mind, not to compare horizontally and be too impetuous, and gradually improve the quality of life while stabilizing the existing level, such as buying a family car, increasing tourism and entertainment consumption, and further improving the living environment.