First, eight common rhetorical devices.
0 1. avatar
Meaning: Imitate things as adults, personify things, and write them as a rhetorical method, which has the same feelings and behaviors as people.
Function: enhance the intimacy and vividness of language, make readers feel lifelike, and often have a very distinct emotional color.
Example: peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, I won't let you if you don't let me. They are all in full bloom.
Analysis: The lively scenes of spring flowers blooming and peaches and plums contending for spring are written in anthropomorphic ways, which makes readers feel cordial and vivid.
02. metaphor
Meaning: a rhetorical method of comparing abstract and unfamiliar things, situations or reasons with concrete and common things, situations or reasons.
Function: It can make the language vivid and make abstract things concrete and vivid.
Example: The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow.
Analysis: Comparing the shape of the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge with that of the rainbow, it vividly describes the morphological characteristics of the beauty of the stone arch bridge and arouses people's beautiful association.
03. Parallel
Meaning: a rhetorical method of arranging three or more sentences or phrases with closely related contents, basically the same structure or similar tone to express similar or related meanings.
Function: enhance the language momentum, make complex content easy to express more concentrated, thorough and powerful, make the momentum run through and smooth, make the form neat and the syllables loud.
Ex.: He can't look up, open his eyes, breathe or walk.
Analysis: It depicts Xiangzi's feeling of pulling a rickshaw in a storm, and renders Xiangzi's pain and helplessness in a harsh environment, giving readers an immersive feeling.
04. exaggeration
Meaning: a rhetorical method that vividly describes the image, characteristics, function and degree of things with rich imagination, so as to outline the outline of things more prominently and clearly.
Function: It can enhance the image of language, highlight the characteristics of things or play a positive role in enhancing readers' subjective feelings, attitudes and understanding of the author.
Example: When the river rises and falls, it loses its momentum.
Analysis: It vividly shows how fast the Yellow River freezes, highlighting the severe cold in the north.
05. Duality
Meaning: a rhetorical method of expressing two relative or similar meanings with a pair of phrases or sentences with the same structure, equal words and related contents.
Function: From the formal point of view, the sentence pattern is neat, which enhances the formal beauty of the language; From the content point of view, it is concise, concentrated and general, which strengthens the meaning of opposition and complementarity, and also makes the phonology harmonious, the rhythm clear, catchy and rigorous.
Example: (Looking) Inside and outside the Great Wall, only the rest is boundless; When the river rises and falls, it loses momentum.
Analysis: Described the magnificent scenery of the northern country with cold climate and snow in winter, with sonorous tone and lively rhythm, which enhanced the expressive force.
Step 06 ask questions
Meaning: a rhetorical method of asking questions first and then expressing one's views immediately.
Function: it can highlight the key points of the article, attract readers' attention, make people think deeply and contribute to better lyric reasoning; At the same time, it can make the writing have waves and achieve a vivid and dull effect.
Example: Who are the two riders? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.
Analysis: This question highlights the arrogance of the eunuchs who came to Miyagi.
07. repeatedly
Meaning: a rhetorical method that makes the same word or sentence appear repeatedly according to the needs of expression. Include continuous iteration and interval iteration.
Function: you can emphasize something, express continuous feelings or emphasize tone and highlight feelings.
Ex.: Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching.
Analysis: the word "expectation" is repeated constantly, showing the love for spring and the eagerness to look forward to the early arrival of spring.
08. rhetorical question
Meaning: express clear meaning in the form of questions and strengthen the tone. It is characterized by expressing negative content in a positive tone; Express positive content in a negative tone.
Function: enhancing the language momentum can enhance the definite meaning, which is beyond doubt, with strong sense of language and appeal.
Don't you think our soldiers are cute? Aren't you proud that our motherland has such a hero?
Analysis: Described the heroes of volunteer soldiers.
Second, the common expression 17
0 1. Comparison
This is a technique of Chinese painting, which uses ink or color to render and set off the outline of objects, making them stand out obviously. Used in artistic creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that the things to be expressed stand out.
People can compare people. For example, in Qin Luofu, Qin Luofu's stunning beauty contrasts with the reactions of "walkers" and "teenagers". It can also be used as a foil, such as "cicadas make the forest quieter, the sound palace mountain quieter", "monks knock on the door of the moon" and "birds are surprised when the moon comes out" to make noise. There are more things to set off people, such as writing the moon in the river three times in Pipa, which set off the wonderful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively; Another example is the image of "thousands of feet Deep Peach Blossom Pond", which vividly sets off Wang Lun's deep affection for the poet.
02. hint
That is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only make the language of poetry concise, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works.
Such as Xin Qiji's "Never Meet Happiness"? There are five successful allusions in Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou: Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong and so on. With the help of these historical facts, the poet expressed his thoughts and feelings implicitly, naturally and fully.
There are two kinds: quoting useful things and quoting previous poems. Using things is to express the author's thoughts and feelings through historical stories, including his position and attitude towards some problems in real life, personal feelings and wishes. , belongs to the ancient express my feelings. The purpose of quoting or using predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, to urge people to associate and to seek meaning beyond words.
"In those days, Jin Ge's iron horse swallowed Wan Li like a tiger" (Xin Qiji's "Eternal Happiness? In addition to recalling the story of the author's going south 43 years ago, the word Jingkou Gubeiting is pragmatic. "In those days, Jin Ge iron horse swallowed Wan Li like a tiger" is about the heroic deeds of Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition against the enemy. By praising Emperor Wu of Song and satirizing the shameless behavior of the pacifists in the Southern Song Dynasty, the author showed his determination to oppose Jin Zhuzhang and restore the Central Plains.
"Shilizai, the wheat is green" (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") "Shilizai" quotes Du Mu's poem, which shows the prosperity of Shilichang Street in Yangzhou in the past and is written in white; "Let the wheat be green" wrote the bleak situation that the poet saw today. These two contrasting pictures convey the poet's feelings about the prosperity and decline of the past.
03. Fu, Bi and Xing
"Fu Bi Xing" is the summary of China's earliest poetry collection "The Book of Songs" on the poetic expression.
Fu describes the scenery in detail and expresses the author's attitude.
For example, in the Book of Songs, "cut sandalwood and put it in the river" and "if the crops are not enough, you will get 300 crops." No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county seat in Huzhaner Pavilion? He is a gentleman, not a vegetarian! "Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger.
Comparison is to compare one thing with another. The Book of Songs? Master Mouse compared slave owners to elders.
Mouse, use a comparative method.
Xing is to say something else first and let the lyrics be sung. Like The Book of Songs? "The river is clear and rippling" in Chopping Tan belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following narrative.
"Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, "Peacock flies southeast and drifts five miles" at the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast" is both "Xing" and "Bi".
04. Lenovo and imagination
Most of them were adopted by romantic poets.
For example, Li Bai often integrates reality with dreams, fairyland, nature with human society. His dream of climbing Mount Tianmu is a poem with a flying thinking structure, and the poet's imagination is like a wild imagination. The dreamland and fairyland depicted by him are the bright and beautiful ideal world he yearns for.
Association, from one thing to another related to it, or connecting similar features in things, forms a typical example.
"Jasper makeup into a tree high, hanging green silk sash in ten thousand. I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " The poet linked the graceful willow branches with the green ribbon, and used clever metaphors to create a novel image with unique romantic colors, which changed the symbolic meaning of willow expressing feelings.
Imagination is a thinking process that people create new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis on the basis of existing materials and ideas.
"The lake is full of moonlight, and there is no windless mirror on the pool surface. Look at the Dongting landscape, there are green snails in the silver plate. " (Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting") This poem chooses the perspective of moonlit night, and through imaginative description, it skillfully reproduces the lakes and mountains of Dongting on paper.
05. provide; give
Describe the environment and scenery in many ways, highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect.
"Apes whimper in the high wind in the wide sky, birds return on the white sand in clear lake" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain) first appeared six close-ups, in order to render the characteristics of the scenery of Qiujiang River.
06. Prohibition
Speak the negative and positive aspects at the same time, only highlight one of them, and achieve the purpose of suppressing one, promoting the other or suppressing the other. There are two kinds: first promote and then suppress, first suppress and then promote (first promote and then suppress, first suppress and then promote).
I want to suppress a sentence first: "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, and high-rise makeup in spring." Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. "(Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart) This poem adopts the technique of praising first and then restraining, writing the young woman" I don't know how to worry "first, and then saying that she" regrets ". By describing the subtle changes of young women's mood, this paper profoundly shows the sentimental and sad feelings of young women caused by touching the scene and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever".
The author of "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue" wants to write about catching birds in Herb Garden in winter, highlighting that Herb Garden is my paradise. The article first writes that the Herb Garden in winter is tasteless (first suppressed), so as to make the Herb Garden to be praised more interesting.
07.care
Refers to the necessary answers to the previous writing in the text. This method is used properly to make the structure compact and rigorous.
The Chu River is shrouded in thin rain, and the companion city rings in the dusk. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. (Wei's "Night Rain Farewell to Lizhou") In the first two sentences, the poet stood by the rainy river at dusk, pointed out the "falling rain" in the poem title, and took care of the word "send" in the poem title.
08.sign
Express a special meaning with concrete things. The use of symbolism makes the article appear profound, implicit and meaningful, which has a strong artistic appeal.
For example, Haiyan, a sensitive and vigorous Haiyan flying on the sea when the storm comes, then describes its brave and fearless pioneer image, making it "similar" to the revolutionary pioneers who fought in the revolutionary storm, and then points out that this brave Haiyan, the prophet of victory, is "similar" in spirit and optimism to the proletarian revolutionary pioneers on the eve of the Russian revolution.
09. Set suspense
Starting from the development of the story and the fate of the characters, more interesting fragments will be written to attract readers' attention.
For example, at the end of Kong Yiji, Kong Yiji's fate also left a suspense for readers. You can set suspense at the beginning, which can achieve fascinating results; Located in the middle, it can play a transitional role; Set it at the end, you can get the effect of wanting more.
10. Foil paper
In order to make things stand out, put other things together to set off or contrast. There are two kinds of foil: positive foil and negative foil.
For example, "Green" describes that the poplar in Shichahai, Beijing is too light, and the "green wall" near Hupao Temple in Hangzhou is too thick; The waves in the West Lake are too bright and the Qinhuai River is too dark, which sets off (contrasts) the thick green and moderate light and shade of Meiyu Pool.
1 1.
Comparing the behavior and attitude of things or characters makes the author's writing purpose more obvious.
For example, my uncle Yule highlighted the ugliness of human nature by comparing my parents' attitudes before and after Yule. This paper compares the life of Baicaoyuan and Santanyinyue from Baicaoyuan to Santanyue, and highlights the constraints of the old school education system on children's nature.
12. Direct lyrics and indirect lyrics
There are two ways of lyric, one is direct lyric, and the other is indirect lyric.
Direct lyric is a writing style that takes the first person "I" as the lyric subject and directly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. It's also called direct expression.
For example, the central sentence of Li Bai's sleepwalking in Tian Mu Liu Ling Bie: "Alas, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" On the basis of narrative description, the author expressed his thoughts and feelings of not colluding with the rulers with the passion of volcanic eruption.
Indirect lyric, also known as euphemism and implication, poets often express their thoughts and feelings euphemistically with the help of various rhetorical arts. It is divided into scene blending, borrowing scenery to match feelings, and expressing things.
For example, Li Bai's "To Wang Lun": Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Lake is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun). There is Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci": the river is green and the waves are singing. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny. On the basis of narration, they all adopt indirect lyric methods.
13. Write a memorial service happily and mourn Syaraku sadly.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses the sadness, but it is also useful to express the sadness with the happy scene or sad scene of Syaraku's feelings. Writing mourning with music scenes or writing mourning with Syaraku can double the effect of mourning.
For example, in the Book of Songs: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi. I think about it today, it's raining. " Yi-Liu Yang, the beautiful spring scenery is intoxicating, but it is a sad time to leave; It's raining, it's raining, it's freezing, and it's time for my husband to return home!
14. Express your wishes by supporting things.
Expressing meaning by holding things is a common expression in poetry and prose.
Technique, that is, the author expresses his thoughts and feelings or some character's ambition implicitly by describing something.
For example, Wang Luobin's "Singing Cicada in Prison" and "Singing Cicada in the Western Heaven" told me to be firm in my cell. However, it needs those songs with black wings to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? "It was by creating the image of Qiu Chan who drank dew and wind that he showed his noble character, which was unknown to people at that time.
15. Reality and surplus coexist
The combination of reality and fiction refers to fiction and fact's mutual connection, mutual penetration and mutual transformation, reaching the realm of reality and fiction, thus greatly enriching the images in the poem, opening up the artistic conception in the poem, providing readers with a broad aesthetic space and enriching people's aesthetic taste. The relationship between the virtual scene and the real scene sometimes forms a sharp contrast, thus highlighting the center.
For example, the imaginary scene in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow" refers to the "ten-mile spring breeze" and describes the prosperity of the ten-mile long street in Yangzhou City in the past; The real scene is "the wheat is green", which is the bleak situation that the lyricist saw today. From these two contrasting pictures, the poet's feelings about the past prosperity and decline are conveyed.
16. Dynamic and static combination
In ancient Chinese poetry, in order to create artistic conception, poets pay special attention to dynamic description, and the combination of dynamic and static is a common way to describe scenery.
As a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often depicts the dynamic and static with a kind of artistic conception, which is mainly static, with the dynamic lining static ("dynamic" includes dynamic and sound: for example, "the bamboo is quiet, there is a lotus leaf in front of the fishing boat", "noise" means sound, and "dynamic" means dynamic), forming a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image. Therefore, the combination of dynamic and static scenery writing techniques can not be completely separated from the foil
17. Point-surface combination
Everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery.
Therefore, when writing landscape images, we can't write the subject image, the surrounding images and the combination of points and surfaces in isolation, so as to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive.
practise
One of the incorrect explanations for the rhetorical methods and expressive functions of the following sentences is
A. The scenery on the river is getting more and more beautiful. There are cliffs on both sides of the river, and the dripping stone emulsion has been immersed in the river, like lotus flowers, like begonia leaves, like grapes hanging one after another, like a fairy riding a crane and a musician playing the flute ... Maybe you forgot that you are on the Lijiang River!
This sentence uses a lot of metaphors to describe the various forms of stone milk on both sides of the Lijiang River, thus showing the beauty of the Lijiang River scenery.
B. We always hope that everything is perfect, that all opportunities can appear at the same time, and that the weather will be fine and the flowers will be fragrant. Unexpectedly, the pursuit of perfection is an imperfection, an extreme imperfection.
-The parallelism sentence derived from the three "total hopes" in the sentence emphasizes "our" desire for "perfection" and our deep regret that perfection is hard to get.
C. When the sea and the mountain are raining together, it is unclear whether the sea invades the mountain or the mountain induces seawater; I saw that the sea surrounded the mountains in a corner of the peninsula, and the mountains surrounded the sea in a bay.
-Using anthropomorphic techniques, the beautiful artistic conception of the sea and mountains is vividly expressed.
D. Lu Xun's bones are the hardest. He has no servility and obsequiousness, which is the most precious character of colonial and semi-colonial people.
This sentence uses metonymy. In the sentence, concrete and sensible "bones" are used to replace the abstract spirit that actually exists but can't be touched, giving people a profound impression.
[answer] b
[Analysis] The parallelism sentences derived from the three "total hopes" emphasize "our" desire for perfection, but do not express "deep regret that perfection is rare". The expression behind "unexpected" should be the author's denial of "we" want to be perfect.
The second kind: subjective expression questions
Whether to provide context, use rhetorical methods to make sentences, imitate sentences and change sentence patterns, or to examine them in modern reading and poetry appreciation.
An investigation of 1. imitation transformation sentence
The most common figures of speech combined with this kind of problems are metaphor, parallelism, duality, personification and so on. . For this kind of topic, we should first ask for the purpose of solving the problem, then analyze the given sentences to find out their characteristics in content, sentence pattern, words, color and tone, then expand the necessary associative imagination, and finally express them as required. This category is the main form of college entrance examination in recent years, and it is estimated that it will appear again in the college entrance examination in 2007.
Study 3 Read the following words, fill in the blanks with appropriate words and sentences, and juxtapose the front and back sentences to form a parallelism.
What is the ideal age? What kind of brain is the cleverest? What kind of life is the best? What kind of youth is the brightest? Flowers say I'm a thousand years old; _ _ _ _ _ _ means, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; _ _ _ _ _ _ means, _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The sun said, my burning youth shines everywhere.
Answer: (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in words: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Analyze this problem to examine the parody ability of parallelism sentences. To solve this kind of problem, we must make clear the explicit information and implicit information of the problem. The topic requires that the front and back sentences should be coordinated to form a parallelism, which is an express message; Re-reading the given sentence, the first four questions in the original paragraph have been made clear, and the objects to be stated in the following answers should be "age", "soul", "life" and "youth". In the example to be answered, "flower" corresponds to "age" and "sun" corresponds to "youth", so the things filled in one or three spaces should be "soul" respectively. Judging from the sentence pattern, the second blank should be filled in harmony with the corresponding sentence pattern above; Fill in the fourth blank, which should be consistent with the sentence pattern of the corresponding sentence below. The above is implied information. Imitation cannot be divorced from these information needs.
Answer (l) Moon, I am open-minded, Wan Li is bright. (2) Seagull, my surfing life is magnificent all the way.
4. In modern reading, rhetorical methods are mainly used to test their expressive effect.
To do this kind of questions, we must first confirm the rhetorical methods used, point out the rhetorical methods used in answering questions, and then answer their expressive functions.
3. Examination in poetry appreciation
More is to judge the rhetorical method used and explain its expression effect.
Third, summarize the law of proposition.
By analyzing the college entrance examination questions, the examination of rhetorical methods has the following characteristics:
(1) From the perspective of proposition, there are two main types of questions in this test center: objective choice and subjective expression. Objective multiple-choice questions have a single purpose and clear eyes, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of the exam; Subjective expression can better examine the comprehensive ability of candidates to use rhetorical language, and can better distinguish the spiritual differences of candidates in Chinese.
(2) Judging from the materials of the test questions, the paragraphs that can be used as rhetorical questions are mainly descriptive, narrative or lyrical. Metaphorical and indicative paragraphs can also be used as rhetorical questions, and explanatory paragraphs generally do not enter rhetorical questions.
⑶ Future questions may not be limited to published questions, but "coherent" questions, "extended" questions and word selection questions may also occupy a place in the college entrance examination papers. Only by mastering all kinds of rhetorical knowledge and improving language expression literacy can candidates achieve satisfactory results.
2. The correct use of common rhetorical methods can be roughly divided into two categories, and the solutions are also different.
⑴ To judge the right or wrong rhetorical methods: First, start with distinguishing figures of speech, and then examine each item one by one according to the rules of this figure of speech, from which we can get an answer that meets the requirements of the stem; Second, from the perspective of rhetorical effect, the effect of good expression is right and the effect of bad expression is wrong.
⑵ Use the corresponding rhetorical methods to write sentences: make clear the requirements of the topic, expand the necessary imagination according to the conditions provided by the topic, fully consider the content and form, and finally express it as required.
It is particularly emphasized that no matter what kind of questions, we should read the questions carefully and make clear the explicit and implicit requirements in the questions. Like a poet reciting poetry, enter the role, activate the thinking cells as much as possible, occupy the thinking space, tap the thinking potential, and find the right angle to do the problem.
Fourth, rhetorical problem-solving reminders
The correct use of commonly used rhetorical methods must do three things:
1. Understand the characteristics and forms of eight common rhetorical methods. Confused figures of speech can be compared in groups, seeking differences in similarities and seeking common ground in differences.
3. Make clear the expression effect of various common rhetorical methods, and consciously and skillfully use eight common rhetorical methods to express your feelings when practicing writing or composition.
3. When doing specific questions, we should carefully examine the questions, carefully capture effective information and deeply analyze the context.
Common Chinese expressions
1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
Second, the expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).
Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy and irony.
Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.
5. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.
Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.
Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.
Methods of describing scenery: the combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), the combination of generalization and concrete, from far to near (or from near to far).
X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).
XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.
Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.
Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.
Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.
17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.
Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.
20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)
Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.
Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony
Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection. Twenty-four, others:
(A) the role of sentences in the text:
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(2) The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. narrative: answer clearly (when and where) who does what format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?
Reading clues
Narrative class
One thing: go with the flow, use your wisdom to resolve and understand the main idea.
Many things: clear priorities, clever arrangements, gradual development process, and finally sublimation.
Writing scenery and expressing emotion:
A detailed description of the object,
The characteristics of the object are clear,
The author's emotional infiltration,
Objects symbolize the theme.