1952 10 10 On October 30th, when President Mao Zedong visited the Yellow River, he put forward the grand idea that "there is more water in the south, but less water in the north, so we can borrow some water if conditions permit", which started the preliminary demonstration of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
Under the leadership and care of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the relevant departments, units and the vast number of scientific and technological workers have carried out pre-survey planning and design work for 50 years. On the basis of analyzing and comparing more than 50 schemes, the overall layout and basic scheme of the east line, the middle line and the west line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project have been formed, and a large number of valuable results have been achieved. On this basis, the overall planning of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project has been comprehensively worked out.
The east line, middle line and west line of South-to-North Water Transfer Project have their own reasonable water supply targets and ranges, which form an organic whole with the four major rivers and complement each other, give full play to the comprehensive advantages of multi-source water supply, and improve the water supply guarantee degree of the northern water receiving area.
Considering the water shortage, development demand and construction arrangement of the east and middle lines of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, it is determined to implement the first phase of the east and middle lines in advance.
At present, the first phase of the East Line project has started, with the main goal of supplying water to Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. Project scale: the average pumping capacity for many years is 8.9 billion cubic meters (the scale is 500 cubic meters per second), of which the new water supply capacity is 3.9 billion cubic meters; At the same time, strengthen sewage treatment, complete pollution control and sewage interception and diversion projects in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, and achieve the goal that the water quality of Dongping Lake will reach the national Class III water standard for surface water environmental quality from 2006 to 2007. The construction period of the first phase project is 5 years, with a total investment of 32 billion yuan, including 654.38+08 billion yuan for trunk projects and 654.38+04 billion yuan for pollution control projects. (Jiangxia) February 28, 2003 People's Daily Online
So far, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the largest water conservancy project in the world, officially started on the 27th. The picture shows the schematic diagram of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. (China News Service)
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, 65438+February 27th (Reporter Wang Libin, Dong Jun) The master plan of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project approved by the State Council once again made in-depth research and demonstration on the overall layout of the project, and put forward three water transfer routes, namely the eastern route, the middle route and the western route, which will be implemented in three phases.
East Line Project: Use the existing water diversion project in Jiangsu Province to gradually expand the scale of water diversion and extend the water transmission line. The East Line Project draws the Yangtze River water from Jiangdu and Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and its parallel rivers to pump the water to the north step by step, connecting Hongze Lake, Roman Lake, Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake, thus playing a role in regulation and storage. After leaving Dongping Lake, water is delivered in two ways: southbound, crossing the Yellow River through a tunnel near Yishan; The other way is eastward, and water is delivered to Yantai and Weihai through the economic southward of Jiaodong water trunk line. The plan is implemented in three stages.
Middle Route Project: After the dam is expanded, water will be diverted from the first sluice of Taocha Canal in Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the canal will be excavated along the planned route to deliver water. After passing through Fangcheng Pass, the watershed between Yangtze River and Huaihe River, along the west side of Tangbaihe River Basin, passing through the west edge of Huanghuaihai Plain, crossing the Yellow River at Gubaizui, west of Zhengzhou, and continuing northward along the west side of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, it can basically flow to Beijing and Tianjin by itself. The plan is implemented in two stages.
West Line Project: Dams and reservoirs will be built in the upper reaches of Tongtian River, Yalong River and Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and a water conveyance tunnel will be dug in Bayankala, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, to introduce the Yangtze River water into the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The water supply target of the West Line Project is mainly to solve the water shortage problem in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Guanzhong Plain of Weihe River in six provinces (autonomous regions) such as Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi. Combined with the construction of the key water control project in the main stream of the Yellow River, water can also be supplied to the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province adjacent to the Yellow River basin, and water can be replenished to the lower reaches of the Yellow River when necessary.
Saving water is the first priority of South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
The South-to-North Water Transfer Project is an important strategic measure to solve the water shortage problem in the northern region, which will greatly alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in the northern region. Although the project has just started, there are still more than ten years and decades of construction, which still gives people infinite reverie and comfort, which is really exciting. But this does not mean that water can be used freely in the water-deficient areas in the north, and it doesn't matter if it is even wasted. On the contrary, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should give priority to water conservation from the beginning.
As we all know, water shortage is the basic national condition of our country. The total amount of water resources in China is less than 3 trillion cubic meters, with a per capita of 2,200 cubic meters, which is only 1/4 of the world average. Moreover, due to the influence of climate, geography and other factors, water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space. The north is seriously short of water, and the per capita water resources only account for 1/4 of the whole country, but the cultivated land accounts for more than 60% of the whole country and the population accounts for more than 45%. There are many important industrial bases, many big cities and important grain bases in the north. Industry, agriculture and even the whole economy occupy an important position in the country, but the shortage of water resources has become a bottleneck restricting its economic development.
South-to-North Water Diversion Project gives priority to water conservation. First of all, the guiding ideology and principle of "saving water first, then transferring water" put forward by the central government should be implemented in the construction. Water conservancy experts pointed out that the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be considered as a whole, not only to solve the serious shortage of water resources in the north, but also to realize the rational allocation of water resources in the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River, and to consider the economic, social and ecological benefits of the water transfer area and the water receiving area as a whole. The fundamental point to solve the shortage of water resources in northern China should be to save water. If you don't take strong water-saving measures, you can't adjust enough water.
Secondly, we should adjust the economic structure on the basis of saving water. Vigorously develop resource-saving industries, especially water-saving industries, develop water-saving agriculture and water-saving industries, and build water-saving cities. The adjustment of industrial structure must proceed from the situation of water shortage in China, especially in the water-deficient areas in the north, reduce water-consuming industries and agriculture, and do everything possible to popularize water-saving technologies.
Water has dual attributes, namely natural attribute and commodity attribute. For a long time, we didn't know enough about the commodity attribute of water, so we ate "cauldron water". This situation is over. Since water is a commodity, it should be treated according to the law of value, and a reasonable water price formation mechanism should be established. What is a reasonable water price mechanism? Insiders pointed out that the first is the fixed water consumption, the second is the differential water price, and the third is the excessive progressive price increase. For example, there should be a quota for residents' basic domestic water consumption, and within the quota, the water price should consider the residents' affordability. If this limit is exceeded, the price will be raised. High water consumption, such as car washing and sauna, should be increased several times, ten times or even dozens of times. This not only takes care of the practical difficulties of low-income groups, but also limits the high water consumption. Similarly, sewage treatment should also use the market mechanism, and sewage discharge should be charged.
There is great potential for water saving. Water saving work has just started. It is important to publicize the truth of water saving and arouse the awareness of water saving of the whole nation and society.
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