1. Yuan Dynasty was called Yuefu or Yuefu today.

Second, the name of Sanqu was first seen in the literature, which was Zhu Youdun's "Chengzhai Yuefu" in the Ming Dynasty. The Sanqu mentioned in this book refers to poetry only, not including the number of sets.

Third, after the middle of Ming Dynasty, the scope of Sanqu gradually expanded, including the number of collections.

Fourthly, scholars' papers since the 20th century all regard poems and anthologies as Sanqu. Sanqu as a stylistic concept was finally determined.

The emergence and development of Sanqu

First, the emergence of Sanqu

1, from Jin Hua

According to scholars' research, Sanqu originated in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties and originated from folk songs.

Jin pronouns have the characteristics of flexion and tend to be vulgar, straight, harmonious and flat. Jin Ci absorbed a large number of northern folk songs and customs. Many epigrams in Jin Ci are actually both words and songs, and many words are close to the songs of later generations in style.

2. Sanqu's entry into the literary world has become the main way of Sanqu literature.

At the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, literati had no choice but to take the imperial examination. Under the influence of the social trend of avoiding the world and playing with the world, they went in and out of the Chu Pavilion, while a large number of famous prostitutes could work as Yuefu and sing songs, and they sang a lot of folk songs instead. Scholars like their poems and wines, and the harmony between silk and bamboo will inevitably lead to the combination of folk songs and literati creation over time.

3. Changes in music.

During the Song and Jin Dynasties, the northern minorities occupied the Central Plains one after another, and the Huqu they brought was combined with the original music in Han areas, giving birth to a new kind of music. Sanqu came into being.

Sanqu system

First of all, this poem

Also known as "Ye Er", it is the basic unit of Sanqu system. Its name comes from the wine order of the Tang Dynasty. Monolithic music, short words and few words are the most basic characteristics. In addition to a single piece of music, there is also a kind of couplet, also known as a poem with the same theme and tune, which consists of several poems, at most 100, chanting one thing together or several things separately. Like Guan Hanqing's double tone? 6? 1 Dade Song.

Second, the number of sets

Also known as divertimento, trilogy and Dalingqu, it developed from Daqu and Gongdiao in Song Dynasty. The system has three characteristics.

1 is composed of several tunes in the same palace tune.

2. All songs have the same rhythm.

There is usually a conclusion at the end.

Third, take music as an example.

Composed of different tunes of the same palace tune.

Aesthetic characteristics of Sanqu

First, it is different from the interest in yogurt in Song Ci.

1, metrical freedom

2. The language is vulgar, smart and free.

3, lyrical and straightforward.

4. Internal conflict, confrontation rather than harmony.

Second, the tendency to turn ugliness into beauty.

There are two meanings: one is to regard what is regarded as ugly in traditional ideas as the object of artistic expression; The second is to break the paradigm of traditional art and form a new artistic style with the opposite form.

It stands out in the literary world with its unique aesthetic features, and has become a unique school in the treasure house of foreign studies in China with its aesthetic style different from that of Tang poetry and Song poetry. It is incisive, pungent and straightforward, humorous, warm and sharp, dynamic, vulgar and elegant, vulgar and interesting, and the language is free, lively and full of vitality. The object of description and writing is not limited to beauty, ugliness, elegance and vulgarity, and its expressive force is rich and broad, which is favored by literati and becomes one of the highest literary genres in Yuan Dynasty.