Keywords: advantages of collective economic resources, scientific management, rewards and punishments, incentives
Developing rural collective economy is an important part of the whole rural economy, an important measure to build a well-off society in rural areas in an all-round way, and a material basis to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and enhance the cohesion of rural grassroots organizations. In recent years, Burqin county has continuously strengthened the construction of grass-roots organizations, increased the guidance and support for rural economic development, and the overall strength of rural collective economy has been continuously enhanced.
I. Basic Development According to our survey data, by the end of the year, there will be = = = townships = = administrative villages = = neighborhood committees in the county. At present, the total income of rural collective economy = =. = = = ten thousand yuan. Among them, the village (community) level collective economic income = =. = = 10,000 yuan, collective land area = = = 10,000 yuan, collective forest land area = = = 10,000 yuan, grass yard = = = 10,000 yuan, collective livestock = = = = 10,000 yuan. = = administrative villages and = community neighborhood committees: = 1 ten thousand yuan -= 1 ten thousand yuan, accounting for = =. =% total number of villages; =-= ten thousand yuan = =, accounting for = =. =% total number of villages; =-= = ten thousand yuan = =, accounting for = =. =% total number of villages; Collective economic income = =-= more than 10,000 yuan =, accounting for =. =% total number of villages; Collective economic income = = more than 10,000 yuan =, accounting for =. =% total number of villages.
Second, the main features presented
In recent years, Party organizations at the county and village levels have actively adapted to the new requirements of the socialist market economic system and the development of agricultural industrialization, adhered to the principle of adapting to local conditions and guiding by classification, and embarked on their own unique development path relying on geographical, resource and industrial advantages. Judging from the overall trend of the development of rural collective economy in the county, it presents the following characteristics:
(A) Relying on the advantages of land resources, developing agriculture to increase income is still the main source of rural collective economic income. According to statistics, the rural collective in our county = = = =. = = mu, average = = =. = per village mu; Collective forest = = = mu, average per village = = =. Mu grass grassland = = = mu. Average per village = =. = = mu, total income = =. = ten thousand yuan, accounting for = =. =% of the total income. Especially in Dulaiti township, the cultivated land area is large, and each village has reserved a relatively large floating area, surrounded by a large range of wasteland suitable for farming. The collective economic income of the county = to100000 yuan or more, this township accounts for =, of which the largest collective land in the grassland new village in the township is = = = mu, and the contract fee is =. = = ten thousand yuan, collective forest = = = mu, income = = = = =. These villages make full use of the advantages of rich land resources, adopt the mode of collective ownership by farmers and contract management at competitive prices, and constantly expand the village collective economy.
(2) Relying on the advantages of collective assets, diversified economy is still the most common mode of operation of township collective economy. Most of the towns and villages in our county have small collective economy scale, small economic aggregate and obvious location advantages. These villages adopt flexible and diverse forms to invigorate the management of collective assets, promote the transformation and appreciation of resources and increase collective income. Mainly use the resources of collectively operated wasteland, wasteland, forest farm, grassland, farm (collective animal), houses, etc., engage in comprehensive management and development through bidding and contracting, attracting investment, transferring the right to use, leasing, etc., and increase the collective economic income. = = = = The collective livestock of each village in the county in = = = = Head (only) and income = =. = = ten thousand yuan. All come to mention the collective forest of Akenqi village = = mu, and the income =. = 1 ten thousand yuan. Water fee income of Tuohongtai Village in Woyimoke Township =. = ten thousand yuan. One-time income from rental of houses in Hanas Village. = ten thousand yuan.
(3) Relying on geographical advantages, developing secondary and tertiary industries has become the most dynamic growth point of township collective economic growth. According to the idea of "building a base around tourism, promoting development through tourism, and promoting development through tourism", we should give full play to the advantages of relying on cities, roads and scenic spots, build hotels, markets, rental shops and other facilities, and strive to develop around the tertiary industry, so that the tertiary industry will become a new bright spot in the growth of rural collective economy. At present, towns and villages have independently developed and built tourist attractions and supporting service outlets such as "Sunshine Beach", Ahegong Getty Folk Garden and Baihualin Leisure Park, which have increased the income of rural collectives by more than 10,000 yuan every year. For example, Woyimoke Township Breeding Demonstration Zone has built a "big pharmacy" along the tourist routes through attracting investment, some of which are used as village offices and some are used for renting, which can increase the income of village collectives by nearly = = = yuan every year.
(4) Relying on the advantages of resources, set up rural joint-stock cooperatives and broaden the channels for increasing the income of the collective economy. In the process of developing the collective economy, many villages have worked creatively and come up with many good methods and new ideas for developing the collective economy. For example, Tuohongtai Village actively established a rural joint-stock cooperative, and established the "Tuohongtaihu Joint-stock Cooperative" in the form of village collective investment and villagers' investment according to the principle of "no shareholding, no supervision and no operation", which increased the collective income and achieved a "win-win" effect for the village collective and the villagers. Under the premise of not affecting the normal office, Woyimoke Village has built all the houses facing the street in the village office, which has strengthened the collective economy.
(5) Relying on * * * construction assistance to ensure the development and growth of village-level collective economy to form a joint force. We have established a working system to help key villages develop collective economy in a rolling way, combined the work of developing and strengthening village-level collective economy with the work of "promoting the whole village" in poverty alleviation and development, and selected county-level departments with certain comprehensive strength to help poor villages develop and strengthen collective economy in a rolling way. This measure has achieved remarkable results. On the basis of the successful completion of the first round of assistance objectives and tasks, the second round of assistance work was started in = = =, with the cumulative investment of = = billion by each assistance unit, so that only the production of female livestock, new village-level office posts, supporting facilities and cable TV installation were purchased for key assistance villages. In view of the lack of resources in some villages and the slow development of collective economy, the way of strengthening villages to help weak villages and strengthening villages to help "backward" villages develop and expand collective economy has received good results. For example, in Dulaiti township, livestock villages lend livestock to agricultural villages, and agricultural villages provide forage for livestock, which promotes the coordinated development of village-level collective economy. Geyezituobie Township ensured that the "empty shell village" would not rebound by lending collective livestock to the village.
Three, the current problems in the development of rural collective economy and the main reasons
Generally speaking, although the development of rural collective economy in Burqin County has taken a gratifying step, the overall strength of rural collective economy is still relatively weak, especially from the analysis of subjective and objective conditions such as the quality of rural grassroots cadres and economic environment in our county, there are still some outstanding problems and constraints. Therefore, the situation facing the development and expansion of the collective economy is still very grim.
(A) outstanding problems
= = = the problem of poor income channels and weak income. = = = = The total income of the county-wide rural (community) village-level collective economy in = =. = = ten thousand yuan, of which the direct operating income is only = =. = ten thousand yuan, contracted income = =. = = ten thousand yuan.
The problem of unbalanced development level. As far as the overall situation of the county is concerned, Dulaiti Township and Kuo stage Township are villages with more collective land, and the overall level of collective economic development in the villages is relatively high, with annual income mostly above = 1 10,000 yuan.
Only = village has an annual income of over = = ten thousand yuan, and only = village has an annual income of over = = ten thousand yuan. In some remote villages without resource advantages, the annual operating income is only = 10000 yuan, indicating that the development of rural collective economy is still very weak, and the problem of having no money to do things is still very prominent.
=. The problem that the quality of cadres is not suitable. Although the quality of rural cadres has been obviously improved at present, there is still a big gap with the requirements of the current market economy development. Mainly manifested in the fact that the cultural level of village cadres is generally low and their ideological emancipation is not enough.
Lack of awareness of development, knowledge of market economy and management experience make it impossible to meet the requirements of the market and find a way out from the needs of market development. Therefore, we cannot develop village-level collective economy.
The problem that grassroots work is not in place. First, some rural areas are geographically remote, traffic is blocked, people and land are few, natural resources are scarce and there is little room for development. In addition, there is not enough support for the collective economy at the county and township levels, especially in weak villages. Not only the total amount is small, but also the food and clothing are many, and the roots are few, so it is easy to return to poverty. Second, some towns have unclear development ideas, lack of long-term planning, narrow ways to increase income, few development ideas, many short-term behaviors and slow rolling development.
(ii) Main reasons
Compared with the rapid development of rural private economy in recent years, the development of village-level collective economy in this county is dwarfed by the following reasons:
The consciousness of developing village-level collective economy is not strong. Many people don't know enough about the development of village-level collective economy: First, the "outdated" theory. It is considered that the current climate is to encourage the development of private economy, and it is not appropriate to talk about the development of collective economy. The second is the theory of "fear of difficulties". It is considered that collective assets are difficult to manage under the current social and economic conditions. The third is "uselessness". It is considered that the income of village-level collective economy has nothing to do with the overall situation of rural economic development, and it is no longer necessary to emphasize the role of collective economy. In addition, some poor villages still have the mentality of "waiting for help" and have a weak sense of self-development.
The basic conditions for developing village-level collective economy are weak. Many villages with weak collective economy in the county are remote, with few resources to be developed and utilized, inconvenient transportation, ineffective information, backward technology and little room for economic development. Only by maneuvering to obtain limited income, lack of new and effective channels to increase income.
Cadres' ability to develop village-level collective economy is not strong. There is still a big gap in the quality of village cadres, especially in developing rural economy and making farmers rich. A small number of village cadres have a special purpose in developing village collective economy, not trying their best and giving ideas, but gaining interests and personal interests; Many village party branch secretaries are busy with the central work of villages and towns all day, and have little time to plan the development plan of the village. They have the concept of "small wealth means security" in developing village collective economy.
Four, to further develop and strengthen the rural collective economy countermeasures
To further develop and strengthen the collective economy and maintain the sustainable development of the rural collective economy, it is necessary to link the county, township and village levels. Leaders at all levels and townships (towns) and relevant units should enhance their sense of urgency and responsibility, base themselves on reality and take a long-term view, actively cultivate and expand collective financial resources, broaden channels for increasing income, and continuously enhance the strength of the collective economy.
(1) Unify understanding and strengthen leadership. Vigorously developing and expanding the village collective economy is the material basis for enhancing the fighting capacity, creativity and cohesion of rural grass-roots party organizations. Party committees and governments at all levels should improve their understanding of the development of village collective economy, guide the broad masses of cadres and people to fully understand the importance of developing village collective economy, enhance their sense of urgency and consciousness, provide a relaxed development environment for village collective economy, select and strengthen village leading bodies, strengthen education and training for village cadres, improve their ability to develop collective economy, and send people with economic mind and practical spirit to the village leading bodies to develop village collective economy and promote the economic development of the village.
(two) according to local conditions, multi-wheel drive, expand the scale of rural collective means of production. According to their own actual conditions, each village should adjust measures to local conditions, and appropriate farming should be followed by farming and grazing should be followed. You can also develop the tertiary industry, buy agricultural machinery, and set up cooperatives with shares.
First, seize the opportunity of accelerating the development of animal husbandry and modern animal husbandry in agricultural areas, fully tap the livestock carrying potential of agricultural and pastoral areas, and continuously expand the scale of collective livestock and poultry breeding. On the one hand, take effective measures to tap the inherent potential of villages (towns), and with the support of supporting units, raise funds in various ways to continuously expand the number of collective herds according to their own development capabilities. On the other hand, the livestock purchased by poverty alleviation projects will be used as the basic livestock for rural collective poverty alleviation, and they will be lent to key poverty-stricken villages for free, and the village collectives will be responsible for contracted management. After each round of assistance is completed, the basic livestock will be returned to the township collective in full, forming a rolling development mechanism of "livestock borrowing in turn and helping crop rotation", and increasing the collective means of production in the rolling development. Through the development of =-= years, the number of collective animals in each village has reached more than = =, and the number of collective animals in qualified villages has reached more than = = =.
The second is to combine the work of returning farmland to forests, make full use of national policies, and steadily increase the area of collective forest areas on the premise of ensuring benefits and increasing income. With the help of the national subsidy funds for returning farmland to forests and grasslands, the county and village levels are linked, and work is actively carried out to raise funds through multiple channels. In addition to returning farmland unsuitable for cultivation to forests and grasslands, barren hills and wasteland and other suitable woodlands will be included in the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and the area of collective forests will be greatly increased by means of state and collective investment and farmers' investment, so as to increase collective income while benefiting farmers. The poverty alleviation projects of planting mainly focus on the transformation of low-yield fields, the development of soybean bases and forage bases. The existing saline-alkali low-yield fields in Burqin County are =. = = 10000 mu, abandoned cultivated saline land =. = = ten thousand mu. By striving for poverty alleviation projects, we will realize the transformation of low-yield fields and expand the construction of soybean bases and forage bases.
Third, actively use the advantages of Kanas tourism resources to seek the space for the development of rural collective economy. Guide towns and villages to base themselves on local advantages, actively participate in the construction of tourism supporting facilities under the general framework and planning of the county's tourism development, and generate income in tourism services such as transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, catering, shopping and entertainment, and increase collective income. For example, Harmony Kanas Township, Chonghuer Township, Woyimoke Township and Brzin Town can use tourism to develop the collective economy.
(three) clear rewards and punishments, strengthen incentives, and urge the township (town) villages and helping units to form a joint force to develop the collective economy. First, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties through effective ways to establish and improve the target management responsibility system. The leading group for the construction of grass-roots organizations of the county party committee is responsible for studying and formulating feasible responsibility forms for the development and expansion of the collective economy, clarifying the work responsibilities of townships (towns), villages, counterpart supporting units and dispatched cadres, quantifying the development objectives and tasks of the collective economy according to the percentage system, signing responsibility forms at different levels, and implementing the responsible subjects for the development and expansion of the collective economy step by step. Every year, the township (town), supporting units and dispatched cadres shall be responsible, which shall be combined with the comprehensive evaluation of rural areas, the evaluation of supporting units and the evaluation of cadres. The township (town) and units that have not completed the task cancel the qualification of year-end assessment, and the party and government "top leaders" and dispatched cadres cancel the qualification of year-end assessment, together with the units and individuals who have worked well, and report them throughout the county. The second is to implement the structural wage system for village cadres, change the old model of treating good deeds and bad deeds equally, organically combine the remuneration of village cadres with the village collective economy, and establish a working mechanism of getting more for more work. Village cadres are the spokesmen of villagers' autonomy and special people elected by villagers to manage village affairs on their behalf. Only by guiding and formulating incentive measures can we arouse their enthusiasm. In order to achieve this goal, our county has formulated and implemented a structural salary system for village cadres, which divides the salary of village cadres into three parts: basic salary, bonus and salary for developing collective economic benefits. The basic salary and bonus are determined by the township party committees and governments according to the collective income of each village and the annual year-end assessment. On this basis, according to the part of the collective economy that relies on self-investment and rolling development to increase income, a certain proportion is approved as the salary for developing collective economic benefits and paid to village cadres.
(4) Strengthen supervision and scientific management, and guide the rural collective economy to enter the benign development track of long-term stable growth. First, strengthen the supervision of rural collective assets. Every year, the leading group for the construction of grass-roots organizations at the county level is responsible for organizing a special audit of township-level collective assets, and the township (town) is responsible for organizing personnel to conduct an audit of villages, comprehensively check and master the amount of township (town) collective assets and various financial expenditures, and find out the income base of township (town) collective economy. Strengthen the rural management system of village accounts, establish special accounts for rural collective assets, and register and update them regularly. The second is to improve the contracted management system of rural collective assets and seek benefits from scientific management. For the existing collective cultivated land and collective livestock, we should adhere to the contracting direction of supporting the superior and supporting the strong, combine the construction work of breeding demonstration areas and breeding demonstration households, change the way of spreading "Chili noodles" in the past, and concentrate on contracting out contracts to ensure scale operation. The contract was awarded through public bidding. According to the needs of the safe operation of collective assets, the contracting conditions such as operating ability and loss compensation ability are clearly defined, and the contract can be awarded only after feasibility demonstration. Where collective assets are contracted on a large scale, part of the contract fees shall be collected in advance or fixed assets shall be used as collateral. All contracting activities must sign a written contract and be notarized by the notary department according to law before contracting. Third, gradually establish and improve the responsibility system of collective asset management. If the loss of collective assets is caused by dereliction of duty, oversight or mistakes, the responsible person will be investigated for responsibility, and the loss of assets will be recovered or compensated according to a certain proportion, and the corresponding party discipline and political discipline will be given according to the seriousness of the case.
(5) Develop and strengthen the village collective economy and do a good job in the "five combinations". Party committees and governments at all levels should incorporate the development of village-level collective economy into the overall planning of the whole rural work and implement "five combinations": First, combine the development of village-level collective economy with the whole rural economic and social development. The second is to combine the development of village-level collective economy with institutional innovation. The third is to combine the development of village-level collective economy with the development of individual and private economy. The fourth is the combination of development and management. Fifth, the combination of "blood transfusion" and "hematopoiesis" will increase assistance to economically backward villages and get rid of poverty as soon as possible.