It mainly includes hydrogeological environmental geological investigation and evaluation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and hydraulic environmental geological investigation in key areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The project was organized and implemented by the Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Investigation Center of China Geological Survey, and was jointly completed by Qinghai Water Conservancy and Environmental Investigation Institute, Xizang Autonomous Region Geological Environment Monitoring Station and Qinghai Environmental Geological Exploration Bureau. The project started in 2008 and ended on 20 12.
1. Investigation and evaluation of hydrogeology and environmental geology along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
(1) basically found out the hydrogeological conditions and environmental geological characteristics of the working area, and filled the blank of 1 ∶ 1 10,000 water conservancy engineering geological survey along the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau railway.
(2) Searching for water in water-deficient areas along the route has solved the drinking water difficulties of thousands of people; Plan some potential water sources; Through the combination of exploration and mining, the water supply problem of stations along the Lari-Ri railway has been solved, which has laid a solid foundation for expanding the radiation-driven role of the Qinghai-Tibet railway.
(3) The linear project of the Qinghai-Tibet project corridor is investigated in detail, and the formation mechanism of hydrogeological environmental geological problems such as Qinghai-Tibet railway, Qinghai-Tibet highway and Jiela oil pipeline is analyzed. The geological environment of key areas such as Yangbajing Hot Field and Qiangtang Plateau Lake was investigated in detail. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of various major environmental geological problems such as land desertification and freeze-thaw disasters, and puts forward corresponding prevention measures. The villages and towns along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were visited and investigated, and the corresponding ideas and suggestions were put forward for local small town planning and new rural construction.
(3) Combining geophysical exploration, remote sensing interpretation, hydrochemical analysis and ground investigation, the evolution mechanism and development trend of local geological environment are analyzed. Remote sensing geological interpretation has been well applied in geological survey, especially in the inaccessible Hoh Xil reserve and the "one river and two rivers" basin in Tibet. Geophysical exploration in key areas has played an important role, and the comparative study of various exploration methods has achieved remarkable results.
(4) The groundwater monitor in high altitude permafrost region is developed. In addition, an automatic groundwater monitoring station was set up in Qinghai, and an automatic monitoring system was initially established, and a number of monitoring data were obtained. It is planned to build an automatic groundwater monitoring network for the entire Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 20 12 to 20 13.
(5) Translated the books Natural Disasters in Russia and Special Issue of Frozen Soil, compiled Technical Requirements for Investigation and Evaluation of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and published more than ten academic papers, which improved the theoretical research level of hydrogeology and environmental geology in plateau areas.
2. Hydro-environmental geological survey in key areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau1∶ 50,000.
The survey area is distributed in Qinghai, Tibet 19 counties (cities), which is dry and short of water. By the end of 20 12, the physical workload has been put in, with the water environment geological survey area of 6776km2, remote sensing interpretation area of 2500km2, geological drilling 1347 1m, and 769 groups of water and soil samples have been tested at 940 geophysical sites. The main results are as follows.
(1) The basic geological and hydrogeological conditions in the survey area are found out, and the occurrence law of groundwater is summarized. The spatial distribution and burial conditions of the main aquifers in the working area, the lithology, thickness, water abundance and permeability of aquifers, and the water level, water quality and dynamic change characteristics of groundwater are found out. The age, lithology and structural characteristics of bedrock mountain strata are found out, and the distribution law and occurrence conditions of bedrock fissure water are basically found out. On the basis of basically finding out the recharge, runoff, discharge and boundary conditions of regional groundwater, the hydrogeological parameters are calculated and the groundwater resources are evaluated through the basic data obtained from field tests and groundwater monitoring.
(2) Carry out the engineering geological investigation in Yushu earthquake-stricken area, find out the geotechnical engineering geological characteristics of the work area, evaluate the regional stability of the investigation area, preliminarily evaluate the stability of the slope rock mass in the investigation area, put forward the evaluation and suggestions of the foundation design scheme of the investigation area, and preliminarily find out the type, distribution position, characteristics, reserves, mining conditions, traffic conditions and the present situation of the development and utilization of natural building materials in this area, thus providing certain geological basis for post-disaster reconstruction planning.
(3) Find out the environmental geological problems in the work area, and put forward prevention measures and suggestions. The geological environment and geological disasters such as frozen soil, land desertification and groundwater pollution in the work area are identified, among which the types of geological disasters are collapse, debris flow and landslide, and their harmfulness is evaluated, and corresponding prevention measures and suggestions are put forward. The pollution status, sources and ways of groundwater in this area are found out. The development, distribution and harm of frozen soil in this area are basically found out, and corresponding prevention countermeasures are put forward for different types of frozen soil. The distribution characteristics and scale of active faults in this area are found out, and the influence of active faults on engineering construction and towns is investigated. Based on the comprehensive analysis of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology data in the area, the geological environment of the work area is evaluated.
(4) According to the resource characteristics, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of surface water and groundwater and the demand of national economic development for water resources, the planning of 26 standby water sources and 2 water supply target areas was put forward, and Qu Malai submitted 1 mineral water for development, governing many counties 1 hot springs. The groundwater resources in the reserve water source area are evaluated. Among them, standby water sources in Changdu County, Nima County, Gaize County, Cuona County, Mangkang County, Cuomei County and Luolong County 1 unit, 2 standby water sources in Naqu County, Ding Jie County and Shigatse City, and 3 standby water sources in Gaer County, Nie Rong County and Sakya County.
Second, the scope of application and examples
1. Investigation and evaluation of hydrogeology and environmental geology along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The results of this project can serve the ecological environment protection along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and solve the water supply problem of stations and villages along the railway.
Combined with hydrogeological investigation, exploration and mining have solved the water supply problems of four stations along Tibet, and multi-eye exploration and mining combined water supply wells have been implemented in Lhasa, Shigatse, Nie Rong, Renbu, Gongga and Nimu counties, which have solved the drinking water difficulties of tens of thousands of people and livestock in this area, and have been well received by local governments at all levels and warmly welcomed by Tibetan compatriots. The construction of three geothermal wells in Luoma Town and Tanggula Military Station in Naqu County has promoted the development of local tourism.
On the basis of investigation and evaluation, this paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the prevention and control of geological disasters and environmental geological protection along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which has been affirmed and praised by the general headquarters of Largo Railway Construction.
2. Hydro-environmental geological survey in key areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau1∶ 50,000.
The results of the project can provide basic geological data support for the economic and social development of key towns in Qinghai-Tibet, solving drinking water difficulties, preventing geological disasters and protecting the ecological environment.
Through the implementation of water search in water-deficient areas, two wells were drilled on the barren beach in the suburbs of Shigatse, and the water output was 1.920 m3/d and 1.000 m3/d respectively. The water quality reached the hygienic standard for drinking water, which laid a foundation for the development and utilization of more than 30,000 mu of wasteland in the south of Ding Cun, a town lacking Buxiong.
Based on the investigation of hydraulic environmental geology in Yushu earthquake-stricken area1∶ 50,000, the influences of collapse, landslide, debris flow and human activities on the environmental geological conditions of major towns and key areas in Yushu County, Zhiduo County, Qumalai County and Yanduo County were basically found out, the engineering geological conditions and geotechnical types were evaluated, and five sand and gravel resources were delineated, which provided an important geological basis for post-disaster reconstruction and development planning in the two counties.
Second, promote the transformation mode.
Media promotion, conference exchange, project cooperation, consulting services, etc.
Technical support unit: Hydrogeological Environmental Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey.
Contact: He Tong
Mailing address: No.0/305, Qiyi Middle Road, Baoding City, Hebei Province.
Postal code: 07 105 1
Tel: 03 12-59085 10
E-mail :tongyuanqing@chegs.cn weiyumei@chegs.cn