Who will pay attention to, appreciate and reuse a person born in poverty? What can be more regrettable than a stage full of poetry books without a display? After hard work, I finally achieved some good results, but I never thought that if I could achieve such good results in this environment, I would have great achievements in the future. I think it is so difficult to achieve such good results in that environment, and I must do my best. "Is there really no horse? I really don't understand horses? " It seems that Bole is really hard to meet if he insists that others are not talented. This man is not simple, he is a talent.
Ma Shuo is an essay by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and it is an argumentative essay. It was originally the fourth essay in Han Yu's Selected Works, and the title "Ma Shuo" was added by later generations. This article was written between the 11th and 16th years of Zhenyuan (795-800 AD). "Shuo" means "talking" and is an ancient argumentative genre. This paper takes horses as a metaphor and talks about talents, expressing the author's strong indignation that the rulers can't identify talents, don't pay attention to talents and bury them.
Ma Shuo was not successful when Han Yu first entered the official career. I wrote to the Prime Minister three times to ask for permission, and as a result, I was on standby for more than 40 days, but my ambition couldn't get through and I couldn't talk about it. Despite this, Han Yu declared that he was "concerned about the country and the people" and would not hide in the mountains. Attached to the curtain of Dong Jin, the ambassador of Xuanwu, and Zhang Jian, the ambassador of Wuning, it was not adopted. Later, depending on some festivals, talented people were ignored and frustrated.
Ma Shuo is an argumentative essay, which is like an allegory rather than an allegory. Using metaphor to debate can't clearly express opinions, nor can it impose personal opinions on readers. The author describes the experience of Maxima with image thinking, presents facts, saves pen and ink to tell the truth, and uses function words (auxiliary words, exclamations and conjunctions) in ancient Chinese, which embodies the interest and artistic conception of singing and sighing. Bole's allusions have been quoted by Han Yu many times, which shows that Han Yu's fate is bumpy.
Ma Shuo's first sentence is the major premise: "Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse". This proposition is illogical. Because of his sense of determination, Bole's knowledge and experience in treating horses well must be obtained from a large number of swift horses in society and then gradually summarized. So some people think that Han Yu's sentence is putting the cart before the horse and idealism. Judging from the principle of materialism, this sentence is wrong. Han Yu regards it as a language, but it is a thought-provoking epigram and famous saying. Because there are too few people in the world who have the knowledge and skills of Bole. So the author points out the main idea in the front of the next article and pours out the infinite grievances of maxima. It is precisely because "Bole is rare" that many swift horses not only can't find a good shepherd, but are "servile" and suffer from ignorant villains. These BMWs died in the ditch, unfortunately, with a tragic ending. If these horses are not treated as swift horses, the death of swift horses is meaningless. "Don't call it a thousand miles" means that no one sympathizes with them, let alone expresses regret, regret and regret for the death of Maxima. On the surface, the author speaks thoroughly, but there are many pains and pains that have not been revealed. It seems to be unconstrained, but in fact it is rich in connotation.
Describing the contradiction between "horse eater" and galloping horse, by contrast, it not only shows the anguish of galloping horse, but also shows the ignorance and arrogance of those who don't know the real talent and learning. When no one creates favorable objective conditions for it, Maxima sometimes wants to show her strengths but has nowhere to do it. In the end, it is powerless, not even comparable to an ordinary horse, nor can it achieve the function of traveling thousands of miles a day, so the treatment is not comparable to a "regular horse." It is not surprising to die of humiliation, and it will not attract people's attention. Because the horse eater, Maxima can't do his duty, and he will be blamed and punished. He is often beaten and treated worse. On the surface, "horse eater" is not Bole and doesn't understand horse language, but it implies that it is useless for people without talent to complain to those ignorant and overbearing rulers.
At this point, the author still thinks it is not enough, and then makes a further description from the aspect of "people" by "singing without understanding its meaning", which makes the article vivid and profound, and also shows the author's anger. The author didn't immediately condemn this "man" who didn't understand horses. Instead, let him pretend that he doesn't know how to face a swift horse and say, "There are no horses in the world." This means that such a "person" is good in subjective motivation. It's not that he doesn't want to select talents. It is not that he has no heart to seek and use talents, but that there are too few talents. Obviously, there is something wrong with "people" subjectively, but it pushes the formation of this situation to the unsatisfactory and unsatisfactory objective conditions. There is a swift horse in front of us, but the horse eater laments that there is no horse in the world, thinking that it is just a horse that is not as good as a regular horse. This is the author's irony. The author immediately pointed out the theme, with alas! Is it really innocent? I really don't understand horses! Finally, the contradiction between "no horse" and "no horse" reached a climax. This is the result of Han Yu's concentration. [ 1
Ma Shuo reveals the author's cynicism and his feelings and resentment. It expresses the author's strong indignation that feudal rulers can't identify talents, don't reuse talents and bury talents.
Professor Fu Zhengyi of chongqing technology and business university: The structure of Ma Shuo is very subtle. Ask questions from the front. With a change of pen, the discussion started from the opposite side. The author angrily reprimanded the feudal rulers, including irony, rhetorical question, lament and repetition.
Han Yu called talents "a swift horse" and called the monarch who could discover, appreciate and appoint talents Bole. This view of talents is representative in China.