The simulated map of the lunar base drawn by space artists is like the dream of science fiction writers. The lunar outpost was once regarded as the goal that Apollo wanted to achieve when he rushed to the moon in the 1960s. It's just that this goal was disillusioned in a hurry. Nowadays, more and more countries have sounded the horn of marching to the moon. Japan's "Moon Goddess" lunar exploration satellite H2A- 13 has been launched, and China's lunar exploration satellite Chang 'e-1 will be launched soon. In all these lunar exploration plans, it is an unavoidable pursuit to realize the lunar base and permanent residence. Recently, NASA announced its new plan for a lunar base. At the latest meeting of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) AIAA)2007, participants paid attention to the frontier issues of aerospace. With the gradual development of moon landing plans in China, Japan and other countries, returning to the moon has also become a hot topic at the meeting. Although the United States won the glory that other countries can't have in its moon landing activities, human beings have never visited the moon since the Apollo moon landing program completed its last mission in 1972. With the emergence of a new wave of landing on the moon, American scientists have also begun their own efforts, and the voice of returning to the moon is getting stronger and stronger. At this society, NASA scientists put forward a new plan to build a lunar base. In 2004, US President Bush made a speech, proposing that American astronauts should return to the moon by 2020 at the latest. This time, Americans added a "moon base" to the moon landing plan. From June 5438 to February 2006, NASA finally announced the "global exploration strategy" and the "moon base plan". In this blueprint, the grand goal of landing on the moon is marked step by step. The "lunar exploration strategy" will be implemented in 20 14. A lunar base will be established in 2024 to ensure that astronauts can live continuously 180 days. To this end, NASA scientists also announced the details of the tools for publishing the lunar base and the location of the base. It seems that the bright future of permanent landing on the moon will come true. The lunar module has become bigger. The researchers of NASA's lunar research project team have planned a step to realize the construction of the lunar base: first, send a four-person moon landing team to carry out early tasks. Each mission lasts about a week. This process will continue until all the basic facilities needed to sustain life are installed, which is estimated to take four years. In 2024, the lunar base already has basic functions. At this time, scientists need to take turns to station on the moon for up to six months at a time. The operation in the lunar base has gradually become "steady". After scientists have made a comprehensive observation of the moon, a more magnificent March is about to begin. In 2027, astronauts will be able to leave the base by plane with oxygen cabin and explore further places on the surface of the moon, even Mars. In order to successfully implement this plan, NASA's advanced space project team proposed to combine the lunar base and intelligent robot into one, referred to as Habot. In the field of space exploration, robots are indispensable. Habot is specially designed for the lunar base. It has six mechanical legs and can move independently after landing on the lunar surface. In this way, after landing in different places, each Habot module can "walk" to a meeting point and finally merge into a whole. This means that the lunar base will be composed of multiple Habot modules. However, Doug Cooke, an official in charge of NASA's lunar research program, recently said at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics that NASA will no longer launch small manned lunar modules in batches to build a lunar base, but launch a large lunar module at a time, which will be sent to the moon by unmanned spacecraft. The simulation shows that this large lunar module is like a big truck. Robots will show their talents at the lunar base. Once astronauts land on the moon, NASA doesn't want them to just collect rocks near the moon base. Michael Gernhardt, head of NASA's Extravehicular Physiological System and Behavior Performance Program, said that the lunar base program also includes a pair of small sealed aircrafts, so that astronauts can go to the lunar surface for scientific research and exploration. The size of this small plane is slightly larger than that of Apollo astronauts, but it is not much bigger. However, its advantage is that it is absolutely sealed, and astronauts can even wear shirts inside without worrying about the harm of cosmic radiation. The solution is to add a layer of "water barrier" to the plane wall. However, in order for astronauts to walk on the moon, they should wear well-equipped spacesuits. Will it be built in the south pole of the moon? Can you find a permanent place for human beings to live outside the earth? The lunar base project was originally designed to answer this question. In NASA's original lunar base plan, this base will be built at the south pole of the moon. Because most of the time-about 70% to 80%-there is sunshine. In this way, the solar energy storage can enter the working state and generate electricity. At the same time, the temperature difference between the polar regions is very small, and it will not change as much as the surface of the moon. This makes the south pole of the moon the first choice for the address of the lunar base. However, this time Cook said that the South Pole of the Moon is only one of the candidate locations for the lunar base. Because the revised lunar base plan will realize a single launch of a large lunar module, which can move back and forth between scientific exploration points and base stations, there is a broader space to choose to build a base on the moon. June, 5438+October, 2008 10, NASA will launch two lunar exploration satellites-"Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter" and "Lunar Crater Observation and Direction Finding Satellite". They will go to the two poles of the moon to find a suitable place to build a lunar base. In addition, the information brought back by spacecraft launched by other countries will also provide new candidates for the location of the lunar base. Therefore, NASA will have more choices of lunar base addresses. After the preliminary observation and site selection, NASA will send a robot similar to Mars Rover to land at the selected site in 20 10 to conduct field survey. The construction of the International Space Station provides useful international cooperation experience for the upcoming lunar base project. Generosity of international cooperation "We hope for scientific returns and international participation as soon as possible." Cook said that the construction of the lunar base needs the full cooperation of international scientists. The construction of the International Space Station provides useful international cooperation experience for the upcoming lunar base project. (Source: Beijing News) In fact, when NASA established this lunar base project, it was already regarded as a major event of international cooperation. In 2005, NASA spent a whole year asking more than 1000 space experts, potential international partners and space businessmen from 14 countries: Is it better to return to the moon many times, or to establish a permanent base there and finally settle in the moon? The final conclusion is that it is the best policy to establish a permanent base on the moon, whether for exploring the moon itself or for further space exploration. It can also provide valuable scientific discoveries. At present, NASA has met with space officials from China, Germany, Australia, Britain, Canada, France, India, Russia, Italy, South Korea and Ukraine to discuss the feasibility of inviting them to establish a permanent moon base. It seems that the construction of the lunar base may also follow the cooperation of the International Space Station. -Four stages of expanding the lunar base The real construction of the permanent lunar base will be divided into four stages. The first stage: preliminary preparation. NASA and the international space community will make a series of preparations, including launching a lunar exploration satellite, photographing the surface of the moon in detail, and choosing a landing site. The second stage: the first flight of the moon landing spacecraft. The spacecraft returning to the moon will make its first test flight, and NASA's "Ares-1" rocket will be sent into space. The third stage: the first manned flight test. NASA's next-generation manned spacecraft Orion will take off, but it will not land on the moon. Time is set at 20 14. The fourth stage: return to the moon. A team of four astronauts returned to the moon and began to build a permanent base, which is scheduled to be completed in 2020. China: On February 25th, 2004, China announced that China's lunar exploration project was officially implemented that day, and it was officially named "Chang 'e Project". The ultimate goal of this project is to establish a permanent base on the moon. Japan: Japan has long made a plan to build a lunar base, but due to technical and financial reasons, it has always been unable to do so. Russia: Russia wants to build a base on the moon, so it is developing a new generation of reusable manned spacecraft.