Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum is also called Terracotta Warriors, Qin Terracotta Warriors. It is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, and together with Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, it forms the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum.
The terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang are called the eighth wonder of the world. More than 1000 soldier clay figurines unearthed here have different images and vivid expressions. They are a bright pearl in the history of ancient sculpture art in China, and are known as "one of the great discoveries in the 20th century archaeological history". Introduction of scenic spots:
1, No.1 pit: No.1 pit in the scenic spot was excavated earlier. The pit is about 230 meters long from east to west and 62 meters wide from north to south. According to the arrangement density of unearthed terracotta warriors and horses, there are about 6000 terracotta warriors and horses buried in pit No.1, in addition to a large number of bronze weapons.
2. Pit No.2 and Pit No.3: Pit No.2 and Pit No.3 are on both sides of Pit No.1 respectively. Like the No.1 pit, there are nearly 2,000 terracotta figures and terracotta warriors and horses similar in size to real people. There are chariots, cavalry, infantry and other different arms, arranged neatly and orderly. Although the deterrent power is not as good as that of the No.1 pit, the team and function of each pit are different.
Extended data:
Service facilities introduction parking lot:
1. Reference price of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Parking Lot: 20 yuan every time; Address: near Qinling North Road, Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province; Location: 500.
2. Mobile phone charging: The visitor service center of the Terracotta Warriors Museum is equipped with a charging power socket to provide mobile phone charging service. Fee: free of charge.
3. Luggage storage: tourist service center on the right side of the main entrance of the scenic spot.
4. Explanation of scenic spots: The visitor center of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang provides electronic tour service and expert appointment explanation service. Specific: it can provide professional explanation services in China, Britain and Japan, and can provide expert appointment explanation services; Free broadcast tracking service can be provided. Volunteers consult for free from time to time.
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According to Historical Records, Qin Shihuang was 13 years old when he ascended the throne. Li Si, the prime minister, began to plan, design and build the cemetery as usual, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction. After Qin Shihuang came of age, the construction scale was expanded, and it was not completed until two years after the death of his son Qin Ershi, and the construction time was as long as 39 years.
Most of the Qin terracotta warriors and horses were made by pottery making and firing. First, make the first tire with a ceramic mold, and then cover it with a layer of fine mud for processing, carving and coloring. Some fry first, some fry first.
In fact, the terracotta warriors and horses in the Qin Shihuang period all had bright and harmonious paintings. At that time, the craftsmen made a mistake. After firing, they colored the clay figurines. During the excavation, they found that some clay figurines had bright colors when they were first unearthed, but they were oxidized by oxygen after being unearthed, and their colors disappeared in less than an hour and turned into white ash. All you can see is traces of painting.
The chariots, infantry and cavalry of the Terracotta Warriors are arranged in various positions. The overall style is vigorous, steady and exquisite. Look carefully, there are differences in face, hairstyle, posture and verve: Ma Tao pricked up his ears, screamed with his mouth open, and stood still with his mouth closed. All these terracotta warriors and horses are full of infectious artistic charm.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty, are located in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit 1.5 km east of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculptures.
In ancient times, human sacrifice was practiced, and slaves were accessories of slave owners before their death. When they die, the slaves will be buried with the slave owners as sacrifices. Terracotta warriors and horses were made into sacrifices in the shape of troops (chariots, horses and soldiers).
196 1 On March 4th, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1March, 974, the Terracotta Warriors were discovered; From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". More than 200 national leaders have visited China successively, which has become a gold-lettered business card of ancient splendid civilization and is regarded as one of the top ten treasures of ancient tombs in the world.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia entry terracotta warriors and horses
Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are located in Lintong District, Shaanxi Province, about 45 kilometers away from the city center.
Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses belong to the national 5A-level scenic spot. The burial pit of terracotta warriors and horses is the largest underground military museum in the world, and the scene is very shocking. There are three pits of Terracotta Warriors. The first pit is the main array of chariots and infantry, the second pit is the mixed formation of chariots, cavalry and crossbowmen, and the third pit is the command system of the army array.
origin
Human martyrdom prevailed in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and human martyrdom can be seen in the tombs of Shang nobles. The Zhou Dynasty learned the lessons from the tyranny of Yin and Shang Dynasties and promoted the rites of Zhou Dynasty, which greatly suppressed the phenomenon of human martyrdom, but did not eradicate it. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the system of human sacrifice was officially abolished. When people's martyrdom gradually faded out of people's sight, "figurines" became proper terms for pottery sculptures, stone carvings and portraits in tombs.
Unearthed terracotta warriors and horses
As can be seen from the identity, Qin terracotta warriors and horses are divided into two categories, namely soldiers and military attache, and military attache is divided into low-level, intermediate and high-level. Ordinary soldiers don't wear crowns, and officers wear crowns. In the pit, most of them are warrior figures. Most of them hold bronze weapons, including bows, crossbows, arrows, beryllium, spears, knives, paddles, swords, machetes and cymbals. They are beautifully dressed in armor.
Terracotta warriors and horses maker
The makers of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses were a group of lower-class potters during the Qin Dynasty. Some of them come from court pottery workshops and some from local pottery workshops. The names of potters are found on pottery figurines and horses, which is a means to supervise the production of craftsmen. At that time, there were two advantages, one was to strengthen the control and management of craftsmen, and the other was to help improve the quality of works.
Where are the Terracotta Warriors in Qinling Mountains? The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located at the foot of Mount Li, more than 30 kilometers east of Lintong County, Xi. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang began to build a cemetery when he acceded to the throne at the age of 13. Prime Minister Lisi was responsible for the planning and design, and General Zhang Han was responsible for the supervision. The construction time was as long as 38 years. Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located l500 meters east of the Mausoleum. The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The first pit of Terracotta Warriors was rectangular, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of 5m, with a total area of14260m2. There are inclined doorways on all sides, and there are two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called pits No.2 and No.3. The terracotta warriors and horses pits have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls. 1in March, 974, villagers in xiyang village, Lingdong, found a large pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum between Lisanxiahe Village and Wula Village in the east. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin terracotta warriors and horses buried more than 2000 years ago was unearthed. 1975, the state decided to build a museum on the original site of the figurine pit. 1 97910 June1day, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang began to show to tourists at home and abroad.
Introduction of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, also known as Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, is located in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit 1.5 km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The following is a brief introduction to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang that I have compiled for you. I hope it works for you!
Brief introduction of terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang
Terracotta warriors and horses; Terracotta figures; Terracotta Warriors and Horses), Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, located in the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum 1.5 km, Lintong District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculptures. In ancient times, human sacrifice was practiced, and slaves were accessories of slave owners before their death. When they die, the slaves will be buried with the slave owners as sacrifices. Terracotta warriors and horses were made into sacrifices in the shape of troops (chariots, horses and soldiers). 1March, 974, the Terracotta Warriors were discovered; From 65438 to 0987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, and were praised as "the eighth wonder of the world". The visit of more than 200 national leaders has become a gold-lettered business card of China's splendid ancient civilization.
Why don't some terracotta warriors wear armor and helmets?
According to historical records, after Shang Yang's political reform, Qin was the richest vassal state at that time. "Historical Records" said: Qin, there are millions. There are millions of armored troops, but this replica of Qin Jun is a big surprise, because some of them don't wear armor or helmets. What is the historical truth behind this strange phenomenon?
More than two thousand years ago, Xi, a dutiful county magistrate in Qin State, provided a clue for people to explore this mystery. Xi joined the army three times. He recorded two cases in which Qin Jun attacked criminal gangs with bamboo slips in the army. In the battle with Star Wars, soldier A cut off the enemy's head. Soldier b tried to kill soldier a and took it for himself, but the third soldier found out. The malicious soldier B was caught red-handed. Several other bamboo slips said: Two soldiers also made moves to grab a head. Qin Jun killed each other with their heads on the battlefield! What drives them so eager for the enemy's head? /kloc-Before Qin unified China in 0/35, the reformer Shang Yang made a set of harsh laws for Qin, which other countries could not bear. From then on, the whole state of Qin operated in strict accordance with this set of laws, which influenced the six generations of Qin people until Qin Shihuang. Shang Yang stipulated that the soldiers of the State of Qin could get a title, a farmhouse and several servants as long as they captured the enemy's head alive. The more beheadings, the higher the title. As long as you can fight, you can be knighted Once you are knighted, you will own a certain amount of land and a certain house. So your whole life is linked to fighting. This is Shang Yang's famous knighthood system. More than 2000 years later, the bamboo slips copied by "Xi" let people see many details of this system.
If a soldier catches the heads of two enemies on the battlefield, his parents as prisoners can immediately become free men. If his wife is a slave, she can also become a civilian. For China people who attach importance to family inheritance, the bugle can be passed on. If a father dies in battle, his contribution can be recorded on his son. The whole family can benefit from military service for one person. This is the tableware used by the nobles in the early Qin Dynasty. Two or three thousand years ago, it was an era of distributing power and wealth according to birth and descent. At that time, it seemed that only Qin people could accept the opportunity for civilians and even slaves to climb up, and openly encouraged Chinese people to pursue utilitarian national laws. Compared with the tableware of nobles, the daily necessities of ordinary Qin people are simple and shabby, which shows what it means for a soldier to be promoted. Happy bamboo slips said: in the army, different ranks, even different meals. A bucket of polished rice, half a liter of sauce and a plate of vegetable soup. Those with two titles can only eat coarse grains, and ordinary soldiers with titles can fill their stomachs. Driven by such interests, it is understandable for soldiers to rob the enemy's head.
In the pit of Terracotta Warriors, there are a group of special soldiers. They are equipped with white-edged assassination weapons; But you don't wear armor at all. In the whole underground legion, their image is very special. What exactly do these soldiers do? Researchers have been unclear. One possible guess is that there are some extremely dangerous tasks in the battle, which are basically unrewarded. Under the reward, these people who have no consideration for life and death come forward. These soldiers may be death squads. It is also recorded on the bamboo slips of Xi: Qin Jun drank heavily before and after the war. A big bowl of wine makes blood flow faster and nerves excited. The battle order has been issued and the war is about to begin. Either die in battle or be promoted to rank. At this moment, wine makes all soldiers have only one impulse: bravely kill the enemy and make contributions. The researchers observed a strange phenomenon. Most soldiers in Qin Jun have slightly swollen bellies, which may be directly related to long-term drinking.
Look at these Qin Jun soldiers. They don't wear helmets and don't have much armor. There seems to be only one reason for this reckless behavior. Too heavy helmets and armor made it impossible for them to kill the enemy. Moreover, Sima Qian recorded in Historical Records that Qin Jun was topless on the battlefield and even took off his only armor. These terracotta figures conveyed the strong martial spirit of Qin people to later generations. Qin people have advanced and powerful attack weapons, but they don't pay attention to armor. Is this the rule of the whole army? Or the conscious behavior of soldiers? Perhaps it is an understanding from the bellicose nature of Qin people? Before there is conclusive evidence, people can only speculate.
Historical significance of terracotta warriors and horses
Who is the real owner of the Terracotta Warriors? There seems to be no controversy all the time-it must be Qin Shihuang, but with the appearance of soldiers and figures engraved with the strange word "Mi Yue", it may imply that "Mi Yue" is the real owner of the Terracotta Warriors!
The Terracotta Warriors once unearthed a soldier figurine with a strange word engraved on it. Archaeologists at that time defined him as "spleen".
However, scholar Chen Jingyuan questioned that the word "Yue" on the left is easy to recognize. When he looked up the Jin Wen Bian and the Collection of Ancient Books, he found that the word "Bei" on the right was written in many ways. However, among many glyphs, none matches the strange characters found in the pit of Terracotta Warriors.
By chance, Chen Jingyuan met Professor Duan Xizhong, an expert on ancient Chinese characters. He thinks that the word on the left of Douwa in Qin Dynasty is a variant of the word "Mi". This should be two single characters, pronounced "Mi Yue". The "moon" carved on the terracotta warriors and horses should be the same as the "moon" carved on the bucket tile of the Epang Palace site.
"Mi Yue", named "Mibazi", was the mother of Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, who had monopolized power for nearly 40 years. The famous title of "Empress of Qin Dynasty" and "Empress Dowager" in history began to appear on her.
Qin's ancestral home is Chu. Because Qin was still young when he succeeded to the throne, he ascended the throne of the empress dowager and "regained power" when Qin became king, when the monarch was 60 years old. When Mrs. Xu Antai came to power, the national strength of Qin was very strong, and both literacy and martial arts were commendable. After Mrs. Qin came to power, a group of nobles in her family were appointed, forming the famous "Four Nobles". Although it has the merit of rejuvenating the country, in the long run, it has also caused the situation that the State of Qin only knows Xu Antai, the king of Qin, but Sigui doesn't know him. On the other hand, terracotta warriors and horses basically do not wear helmets or shields, and their facial expressions are mostly gloomy. They are not like troops going out to war, but more like a funeral procession. Qin is still black, Chu advocates fire, and his clothes are still red. Looking at the restored colored plastic soldiers and figures, it feels more like the queue of Chu people! In addition, the unearthed figurine bun is inclined to one side, which is more in line with the fashion of Chu State.
In addition, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is located in the east of Xianyang, facing east, and Xuan Di's hometown Chu is in the east of Qin. The skeleton of elk was also found in the pit of Qin figurines, which is a precious beast of Chu and rare in Qin tombs. "Elk" and "Mi" are homophonic, which seems to mean something. More importantly, at the northwest corner150m of the third pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, archaeologists discovered a mysterious ancient tomb whose owner has not been identified.
Therefore, it is unknown that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses may be a burial team built by King Zhao Xiangguo according to the custom of Chu State to accompany her to her hometown in the spring.
Of course, the above is only an academic hypothesis.