First, the main types of language "defamiliarization"
1. noun juxtaposition
When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost. (Wen Tingjun's "Walking in the Morning")
Poetry is composed of nouns, writing early scenes, vivid and popular.
2. Abnormal heterozygosity of subject and predicate
(1) The wet bird is still touching its eyelashes (picking lotus seeds)
(2) The morning bell is wet outside the cloud (Du Fu's "Wet Rain Can't Go ashore")
Example ① The collocation of "birdsong" (subject) and "touching eyelashes" (predicate) is abnormal. The abnormal combination of "morning bell" and "wet"
Frogs grow well in the fields of my hometown (frogs in Li Yunzhi)
(4) Summer has passed/Autumn has passed/Today coincides with light snow (love).
(3) When talking about "frog" (subject) and "grow well" (predicate), the subject and predicate are abnormally matched, showing the artistic conception of "bumper harvest in rice flowers, listening to frogs", which is fresh, pleasant and intriguing. The poet is ingenious. The abnormal collocation of "summer" and "lotus" and "autumn" and "cicada" not only indicates the passage of time, but also contains the images of "summer lotus" and "Qiu Chan".
(5) The pounding of horses' hooves seems to have drifted lightly all the way to the mountain again. (Mountain Residence in Wu Boxiao)
It's a pity that this face is filled with the wrong gender and actually grows on a man's horse, which makes a 37-year-old and capable clerk have a baby face that is not so reassuring! (Lu's Great Wall)
Examples ⑤ and ⑤ come from essays or novels respectively. ⑤ Use "scattered" to describe the sound of hooves, highlighting the crisp and brisk characteristics of hooves. Interestingly, "this face is filled with the wrong gender", which vividly depicts the characters.
⑦ Only a few drops of blood flowed from the root of Uncle Lohan's ear. Uncle's ears are gone, and the whole head becomes very simple. (Mo Yan's Red Sorghum)
"Conciseness" is usually used to describe the language. Mo Yan creatively uses "conciseness" to describe the head, which is novel, appropriate and amazing.
3. Abnormal collocation of verbs and objects
I am your shabby old waterwheel by the river, spinning tired songs for thousands of years. (Shu Ting's motherland, my dear motherland)
(2) Dreams are like a lottery ticket with prizes and interest. At least you won't lose money if you buy it. You can overdraw happiness from your dream bank. (Jiang Feng's "Idiot's Dream")
The abnormal collocation of 1 "spinning" and "tired song" and the abnormal collocation of "overdraft" and "happy" (object) in Example 2 are all novel and unique.
4. Abnormal collocation of additional components and headwords
(1) Out of the window/Insects thinned by autumn wind/Biting my heart sadly (Faye)
(2) At dusk/bypassing the Chi Pan in the landscape/floating in the lotus pond/are colorful green poems (waiting for Wang Yuan).
③ Roots must be embedded in the Book of Songs/a Tang poem/a leaf song poem/a soft wind lip/a willow rhyme (Yi Dechao's "Folding Willow")
Example ① Use "very fine" to decorate "insect sound", which is rich in texture. (2) Decorating "Poetry" with "Flowers Blooming" and "Brilliant Green" is in harmony with the previous "Chi Pan" and "Lotus Pond", which expands the capacity of poetry and broadens the artistic conception. ③ Quantify Tang Poetry and Song Ci with "Zhi" and "Ye" instead of the common "Tou" and "Que", so that they can be integrated with Liu Yunyi, which naturally leads to the following.
5. Lexical interaction dislocation
(1) Clouds floating in the water/sails flying in the sky (Lotus Pond Moon by Bing Fu)
(2) Literati put down their hoes/farmers put down their glasses (Chen Li's In a City Frightened by an Earthquake)
It should have been "sails floating in the water/flying in the sky", and "clouds" and "sails" alternated, vividly showing the magnificent artistic conception of water and sky. The interaction between "literati" and "peasants" vividly expresses people's hectic situation after being frightened by continuous earthquakes.
In Chinese teaching, paying attention to language "defamiliarization" is conducive to breaking stereotypes, enhancing language understanding ability and improving reading level. There is a reading training question in Unit 1 of Book 1 of Chinese in senior high school, which requires you to choose a suitable word from brackets. Examples are as follows:
The famous Mount Emei, the so-called unique scenery, changes little by little in five steps and changes greatly in ten steps. I enjoyed it for a week. Although there are many changes, the momentum (majestic and particularly narrow) and rocky peaks are close at hand and often look breathless. ("Jianhu picturesque")
In a paragraph, which word should be chosen from the brackets after the word "momentum" to best match it? As a result of the test, we found that most students chose "majestic" without thinking, because "majestic" is a common saying. The teachers' answer is "urgency", while the writer Xu used the word "urgency". After careful consideration, it is not difficult to find out what is right and wrong. The meanings of "urgency" and "compulsion" are similar, and both have the meaning of short time, which is generally not matched with "potential". In a hurry, however, the characteristics of Emei Mountain landscape are rendered from the perspective of subjective feelings, and the characteristics of Jianhu Lake landscape are compared. The next sentence is "the rocky peaks close at hand often seem to be out of breath", which is a further explanation of "haste" It can be seen that the "unfamiliar" collocation method of "rushing momentum" is indeed unique. Thinking is fixed, it is difficult to understand and accept the saying "the momentum is rapid" at once, and mistakes are inevitable when answering reading training questions. For another example, when it comes to the sentence "Time seems to have gone to sleep, and the water in the pool is clear and silent" and "Little squirrel gnaws at the sunshine freely", if we use the usual grammatical norms to judge and come to the conclusion that the subject and predicate are not properly matched, there is no aesthetic feeling at all. In short, the lack of "language defamiliarization" consciousness is not conducive to the improvement of reading appreciation ability.