With the development of history and the progress of mankind, each nation has formed its own unique language and culture. There are many differences between different nationalities. Let's discuss the differences between China and Russian food culture. Welcome to read!

People in China often say, "Food is the most important thing for the people", which shows how important diet is in people's minds. Food culture is an important part of national culture. With the continuous strengthening of Sino-Russian political, economic and cultural exchanges, food has naturally become an important part of communication. Understanding and respecting each other's food culture can reduce the friction and obstacles in the communication process and make the communication smoother.

Keywords diet, Chinese and Russian culture

China's food culture has a long history and is profound. China people pay attention to delicacy and richness of dishes, color, fragrance, shape and taste of dishes, and pursue sensory enjoyment and aesthetic value. In China, a dish can interpret a cultural concept and connotation. China's four major cuisines, Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong and Huai, are famous for their superb culinary arts and regional characteristics. In the concept of diet, Russians pay more attention to the concept of rationality. Compared with China, they don't pay attention to the color, fragrance, shape and taste of dishes, but pay attention to hygiene and the rationality of collocation. The seemingly crude Russian diet perfectly explains the simple lifestyle and bold national character of Russians.

First, the comparison of "drinking culture" between China and Russia

1, Comparison of Chinese and Russian wine cultures

China's wine culture has a long history. In the eyes of China people, many things that can't be expressed in words, such as affection, friendship and love, can be replaced by wine. Liquor plays an important role in Chinese liquor culture and is unique in the world. We in China like to persuade wine, such as "deep feelings, one mouthful stuffy" and "shallow feelings, one mouthful licking". Moderate vomiting-inducing toasts is considered as a polite behavior to treat guests and a way to show our hospitality. The word vodka in Russia comes from water, so people give vodka the name "water of life". Most parts of Russia are at high latitudes, with cold climate and harsh environment. Russians use wine to keep warm against the cold. Vodka is not only a Russian wine, but also a symbol of Russian national character. Russians drink boldly and generously. They respect each other's ideas and never persuade them to drink. Vodka, like Russians, is like water in shape and like fire in heart.

2. Comparison of tea culture between China and Russia

China is the hometown of tea culture, and China people have the habit of drinking tea since ancient times. In the eyes of China people, tea not only has the efficacy of strengthening the body and curing diseases, but also is full of appreciation interest and can cultivate sentiment. Drinking tea and entertaining guests is an elegant entertainment and social activity of China people, and Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. The history and development of tea culture in China is not only a simple food culture, but also reflects the spiritual characteristics of a nation with a history of 5,000 years. The history of Russian tea culture is not long. It was not until the18th century that tea spread among ordinary people. Before that, only the nobles in the palace were lucky enough to drink this drink. Russians love drinking tea and gradually created their own unique tea culture. Russians like to drink tea with strong black tea flavor, with sugar, sugar cubes, chocolate, milk and so on. Sugar and tea are inseparable in the eyes of Russians, and the tea urn used for drinking tea is also unique and exquisite.

Second, the comparison of "food culture" between China and Russia

1, the similarities and differences of tableware

China and China have many similarities and differences in tableware. As we all know, Russians use chopsticks to hold vegetables, spoons to drink soup and bowls to hold rice. Chopsticks are round at the bottom and square at the top, which embodies the idea that China people have a round place and shows the great wisdom of China people, while Russians use special spoons to hold dishes on their plates, eat steak and drink soup with knives and forks. They use knives and forks. The correct position is that the fork is on the left side of the dish, and the knife and spoon are on the right side. The wine glass should be placed in front of the dish. It should be a left fork and a right knife when eating. Besides knives and forks, there are plates, plates, cups and so on, but they are much simpler than ours. Chopsticks and knives and forks, as the two most distinctive tableware in China and Russia, reflect the different values, aesthetic tastes and national psychology of the two countries.

2. Similarities and differences of dishes

Some people summarize Russian cuisine as "five leaders, four donkey kong and three musketeers". These five leaders are: bread, milk, cheese, potatoes and sausages. Donkey kong: Cabbage, carrots, beets and onions. The three musketeers are: caviar, vodka and brown bread. These include almost all the main ingredients in Russian cooking culture. Although single, it is very expensive for the Russian people to create countless delicious dishes with these only ordinary and single ingredients. There are many kinds of Russian soups, such as fish soup, clear chicken soup, mixed broth, red vegetable soup, mushroom soup, milk soup and fruit soup. Among them, Russians love to drink red vegetable soup, also called Luo Songtang. Even before liberation, Russian bread was introduced to China. People in China called it "Da Lieba", and they had a special liking for Da Lieba with rich wheat flavor. Russians also like strong food. Mainly pasta, caviar, yogurt, coffee and so on. It is essential on the Russian table. This simple but varied diet reflects the true nature of the Russians.

China people's diet has always been famous for its wide variety of ingredients and exquisite cooking skills. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a chef in Liang Wudi could change a melon into ten flavors, and a dish could make dozens of flavors. The superb cooking is amazing. Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Guangdong cuisines formed earlier, and then Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Huizhou and other local cuisines gradually became famous, forming eight Chinese cuisines. China's diet is not only to quench thirst and satisfy hunger, but also contains China people's philosophy of understanding the world. For example, eat jiaozi, fish, rice cakes and so on. In fact, during the Chinese New Year, the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, and the food culture has already surpassed the food itself. China people express rich spiritual connotation and profound social significance by eating this form.

3. Similarities and differences of table manners

In the historical development of China's extensive food culture, there are countless rules and etiquette. China is a state of etiquette, with distinct classes and grades. Even the food etiquette is the most complicated country in the world. From sitting to China's famous wine culture, it is vividly reflected in China's table manners. People in China like to eat together, and the excitement on the dining table in China is in sharp contrast with the quietness on the dining table in the west, which is also the embodiment of China people's emphasis on blood relationship and family values in their diet. People in China often help their guests with food at the dinner table, which is also a sign of China's hospitality. Russians should not make jokes or make ugly noises when eating. They should pay attention to maintaining their gentlemanly manners and not losing their manners. Russia advocates freedom and respects itself very much. Therefore, people will not do what they can't do. They can choose their favorite dishes at will when eating. They won't force you to eat. If you are full, you can signal that they won't persuade you to eat any more.

For any country or nation, food culture is an indispensable part of its culture. The similarities and differences between Chinese and Russian food cultures are not only differences in food, but also complicated or single eating habits from different aspects such as history, culture, personality, geographical location and even climatic conditions. With the increasing cross-cultural exchanges between the two countries, the food cultures of the two countries are constantly complementary and compatible. It is necessary to know each other's food culture to promote exchanges and friendship between the two countries.

With the development of the times, cultural exchanges between countries all over the world become more and more frequent. Understanding and mastering the cultures of different regions and nationalities, correctly grasping the scale of interpersonal communication with various nationalities, overcoming the obstacles caused by cultural differences and etiquette differences, and being familiar with and mastering table manners in different cultural backgrounds can make people treat each other properly and communicate more deeply, otherwise they will be at a loss in communication, even rude and make jokes. This paper will compare the table manners of Russian and Chinese people from the aspects of diet, tableware use, dining atmosphere and table discourse, so as to communicate appropriately in cross-cultural communication.

Keywords: China; Russia; Diet; National tradition; Russian-China nationality

Russian eating habits are formed in the accumulation of people's long-term labor and social life. On the basis of retaining their own traditions, Russians absorb the essence of foreign food culture, constantly improve their diet structure and develop their advantages through integration and reference. Russia has a "bright" memory of the past, and at the same time pays attention to learning from the West. Perhaps it is this sublation attitude that has made ancient Russian cuisine spread to this day.

China's food culture, represented by the Han nationality, has a long history of more than 10,000 years and has distinctive national characteristics. Due to regional differences, table manners and customs of different countries and nationalities are also very different. Understanding and respecting different national cultures and mastering people's table manners under different cultural backgrounds are of great help to our cultural exchanges.

First of all, the similarities between Chinese and Russian food cultures.

(A) Tea culture

Russians like drinking tea as much as Russians. The history of tea drinking in Russia can be traced back to the middle of17th century, which witnessed the long history of Sino-Russian cultural exchange. China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Russian tea was introduced from China. Black tea (чёрныйчай) from Indian and Georgian countries, and expensive green tea (зелёный) from China. According to Russian eating habits, drinking tea must be accompanied by some foods, especially sweets, such as sauces (варенье) and honey (мёд) biscuits (печче). Russian tea was introduced from China.

(B) wine culture

There is a saying in China that "no wine, no table", and it is the same in Russia. As we all know, Russians are addicted to alcohol. Russians are much bolder to drink vodka, even if a large glass is full, it is "boring". When drinking and chatting with Russians, be honest, don't talk about third parties behind their backs, not to mention that they are stingy. Russians can drink vodka (водка) with meals and sometimes champagne after meals. Vodka and Gowasu (квас) occupy a special position in Russian dietary customs. It can be considered that they are synonymous with Russian "national drink" wine and beverage respectively. Drinking vodka may be one of the greatest pleasures in Russian life. Vodka is indispensable for weddings, funerals, birthday celebrations, family gatherings, friends gatherings, etc. The decent way for Russian families to entertain guests is to pour a glass of vodka, a small plate of caviar, cucumber and tomato, then a canned smoked fish and peas, and a self-baked cake with vodka as a dinner from beginning to end. Besides drinking, Russians also like to drink a cool drink called "Kvas". Kvas is the oldest fermented beverage among Russian people, which is mostly made of malt, bread crumbs or fruit juice. Russian Gowasu is generally divided into bread Gowasu (хлебныйквас) and fruit juice Gowasu (квасизс).

Second, the differences between Chinese and Russian food culture

(A) Tea drinking habits

Judging from the habit of drinking tea, China people like to drink green tea, while Russians like to drink black tea. [

Drinking tea in Russia is very different from drinking tea in China. China people like to drink tea slowly, while Russians like to drink it all at once.

(b) dietary differences

The ancestors of Russians are nomadic people. They eat meat and drink milk, and there is no distinction between staple food and non-staple food. Bread is the favorite staple food of Russians, especially garlic bread. Bread is divided into white bread and black bread, and Russians prefer black bread (oatmeal bread). Bread and salt are the most honorable gifts for Russians to greet their guests. Often, the host holds a plate in both hands, covered with a beautiful embroidered towel, and there is a big bun (солонка) with a salt pot in the middle. This symbolizes the host's hospitality. The ancestors of China people are agricultural people, and for a long time, grain and its products have been regarded as the essential staple food for three meals a day, while vegetables, meat and fish have been used as supplementary food. China people's staple food is divided into wheat, rice and miscellaneous grains. Rice includes glutinous rice, rice products and rice products made from it, wheat includes wheat, barley, oats and their products such as steamed bread, noodles and biscuits, and miscellaneous grains include corn, sorghum, beans and their miscellaneous grains. Russian dinner has three main courses, namely soup (суп) and cold dishes (холодныеблюда).

China people's non-staple food has the functions of regulating taste, stimulating appetite and supplementing nutrition. China people are very rich in non-staple food. In addition to common meat dishes such as chicken, duck and fish, various fresh vegetables, bean products, pickles and pickles are also common dishes on the gourmet table, with various collocation methods.

Third, the cultural differences reflected by the characteristics of Chinese and Russian diets.

Russians shared food from the beginning, which led Russians to pay attention to independence. When children grow up, they have the idea and habit of breaking into the world independently. The dining system brought by chopsticks highlights the family unit where the elderly and young people sit together. Therefore, China people have stronger family values. This difference also reflects the behaviorism philosophy of China and Russia, and highlights the national thinking habits and ways of understanding the world.

The "noise" at the dinner table in China can, to some extent, reflect the "harmony" of China's family warmth, neighborhood harmony and Chinese unity. This probably stems from the collectivism thought of "having food and drinking, so it is also a good idea", emphasizing the word "combination"

We can see from the table talk of Russian and China nationalities that China people follow the principle of "belittling themselves and respecting others", while Russians emphasize the values of efficiency and pragmatism. Russians never say disgusting words at banquets, but they will try their best to thank and praise the director, especially the hostess, with subtle and elegant words and compliments. Due to cultural differences, Russians and China people express their hospitality in completely different ways. In this case, if we can understand each other's differences, we will eliminate the embarrassment at the dinner table, and the hospitality of both sides will naturally show up.

Conclusion:

Food culture plays a very important role in people's life order. Different regions and countries have different table cultures. Its table manners and customs are also quite different. "Entry is forbidden, entry is vulgar, and entry is taboo" is a principle in today's international communication. In cross-cultural communication, we should not only follow international etiquette, but also understand and respect the customs and habits of the countries concerned, and be polite to everyone, so as to learn and communicate better.

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