1, foot movement
From the rise of the Song Dynasty, foot binding continued until the end of 19. In the documentary, an 80-year-old foot-binding grandmother enters the house with a large pile of firewood every day, and then kneels on the ground to make a fire and sweep the floor. It turns out that little feet can't squat at all, and the action of squatting can only be replaced by kneeling. It's probably the social atmosphere. When people in the whole society think that little feet look good and big feet can't be married, what can a woman with no social status do except bind her feet? In a patriarchal society, all women's actions are to cater to men's aesthetics. Foot-binding is to prevent women from running around. If a man marries a woman who is too entangled to move easily, it will be safe to leave her at home ... this is a disguised restriction on personal freedom. ...
Bare feet are called heavenly feet. So later I gave up foot binding, which is called foot binding. The Boxer Rebellion publicly banned foot-binding by women in their area, and later the * * * production party did the same. Women's liberation in China really started from liberating the feet. Imagine that you are not free to move, how can you talk about liberation ~ ~
2. Establish a girls' school
With the establishment of girls' schools, women can take exams like men, and groups of well-educated women have emerged. These people either go abroad to study, such as Lei Jieqiong to the United States, Qiu Jin to Japan, Xiang Jingyu and Cai Chang to France, and Song Ziwen sisters, not to mention that the return of the United States has profoundly affected China's political arena; Or work independently to support yourself. Economic independence is the foundation of women's independent liberation.
To my shock, these people are very capable. People in their twenties and thirties are no worse than our generation. An old woman even looked at national geography with reading glasses. If our scholarship can be passed down from that era, what kind of situation will academic research, especially in the ideological field, be?
3. Forerunners and successors (omitted)
4. The besieged city of home
With the premiere of Ibsen's A Doll's House in China, the image of Nora is deeply rooted in the hearts of young people in China. However, the people of China will extract what they are interested in from any imported product and carry it forward. In order to end the marriage without the same language, the progressive youth gave up the details of Nora leaving the family and focused on the point where Nora left. There is a "runaway wind" in the whole society, that is, leaving the feudal patriarchal family, refusing to recognize arranged marriage and moving towards free love. However, women have just left the patriarchal family. They don't know, but they walk into their husband's house. Lu Xun's "Regret for the Past" describes this confusion. The heroine Zijun can't stand the control of her husband's power and returns to a patriarchal family ... Lu Yin's Old Friends by the Sea also expresses women's confusion about love and their own destiny.
5. New women
New women refer to those professional women. It is precisely because they have their own economic income that their spiritual independence is possible.
As an early industrial city, Shanghai first appeared a large number of professional women, textile workers, film actors, department store salespeople and even prostitutes. In any case, these people left their families, and women participated in social life as social subjects, which took a big step in women's history.
Ruan's last film, New Woman, shows another side of professional women in 1930s. Although they work independently and earn money independently, they can't completely get rid of men's control over them, nor can they get rid of the pressure of public opinion in a patriarchal society ... "Let us be afraid of what others say, let us be afraid of what others say." ...
6. War and women (omitted)
7. The birth revolution
No one can deny the importance of mastering one's own fertility to women. Just ask our mothers how much their lives have changed since our birth.
First, the right to bear children is embodied in the aspect of bearing children. With the popularity of doctors, scientific delivery methods finally make it no longer dangerous to give birth to children, which is traditionally a great risk of death.
Reproductive rights are also embodied in the freedom of abortion. In the United States, the issue of abortion is constantly debated because of their religious beliefs. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, because we believed that "one person has one mouth, one person has two hands, and two hands can feed five mouths", we never mentioned abortion and other issues, and even never educated women on birth control. Some representatives raised this point at the women's congress in New China, and some people began to popularize this knowledge throughout the country. The production of supplements and medicines has just started. Today, family planning has become a basic national policy, and many urban women even choose not to have children independently.