Explanatory reading
Explanatory text is an article that introduces and clarifies things with explanation as the main expression. In the process of reading natural science discourses and scientific discourses, we can understand the order of interpretation, analyze the function of basic interpretation methods, master the basic characteristics of interpretation language, and cultivate scientific interest and humanistic spirit by clarifying the ideas of articles, summarizing the information of articles, accurately grasping the objects of interpretation, grasping the contents of interpretation and acquiring scientific and technological knowledge.
Explanatory text classification
According to different standards, explanatory texts can be divided into different categories:
According to the different objects and purposes of explanation, explanatory texts can be divided into two categories: things explanatory texts and things explanatory texts. However, sometimes in an explanatory article, introducing things and explaining things are often used interchangeably. The object of interpretation of things is concrete things. By objectively and accurately explaining the shape, structure, nature, characteristics and uses of specific things, readers can understand and understand this or this kind of things. The explanatory object of narrative text is abstract. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the causes, relationships and principles of abstract things, so that readers can know what they are, why they are, and why this thing is like this. Therefore, whether it is the elaboration of things or the elaboration of things, the author is required to truly introduce the object of explanation, among which we feel the scientific spirit in the article. An expository article is a stylistic form that introduces things in detail, and an expository article is a stylistic form that introduces reasons in detail. The difference is that the former is aimed at things, while the latter is aimed at reasons. The object of explanation is what you want to explain.
The difference between argumentative writing, explanatory writing and explanatory writing;
Explanatory text? Explanatory articles aim to introduce the physical characteristics of something, such as "Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan" and "China Stone Arch Bridge". Dinosaurs in Chinese textbooks, underwater world and so on.
Explanatory text? Explanatory articles aim at explaining the truth or inherent laws of things, such as "fearing nature". Like procedural expository writing, writing expository writing also needs to follow three principles; 1 Understand things. You can know the truth of the matter by observing and studying in person or consulting materials. Only when you understand the truth first can you introduce it to others; ② Arrange the writing order. Explanatory text first follows the logical order (causality, progression, etc.), that is, the internal relationship of things and the law of understanding things. Logical order should not only be used in paragraph relations, but also be written in this order between sentences; (3) Choose an appropriate method of use.
According to the different characteristics of explanatory writing language, explanatory writing can be divided into simple explanatory writing and vivid explanatory writing. Vivid exposition is also called literary exposition (scientific paper or knowledge paper).
According to the different systems of expository writing, it can also be divided into natural science and social science (such as Chinese stone arch bridge).
Features? Although expository writing is a kind of writing with explanation as the main expression, it cannot successfully complete the task of introducing and explaining things to readers without the proper cooperation of other expressions (such as narration, discussion and description). From the perspective of learning to write expository writing, if we can understand the important role of comprehensive expression in expository writing, and pay attention to the accurate use of narrative, discussion and other ways to assist interpretation, expository writing can be brilliant.
The characteristic of expository writing is "saying", which has certain knowledge. This kind of knowledge, whether it comes from relevant scientific research materials or from personal practice, investigation and investigation, is strictly scientific. If we want to make things clear, we must grasp the characteristics of things and then reveal the essential attributes of things, that is, we must explain not only "what" but also "why". Generally speaking, the application of explanatory text only needs to explain the characteristics of things, and explanatory text must reveal the origin and essence of the problem.
Explanatory writing is a style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge: or explaining the state, nature and function of things, or clarifying things. Chinese stone arch bridge belongs to the latter. Taking Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge as examples, the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges are illustrated, which are not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure. Language of Nature belongs to the former, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying things are two types of expository writing.
In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common interpretation methods include examples, classification, comparison, enumeration, definition, explanation, quotation, analogy, imitation of appearance, quotation of data, drawing charts and so on. The best method should be chosen according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom to choose. Whether to adopt a certain interpretation method or a variety of interpretation methods, whether to adopt this interpretation method or that interpretation method, can be flexible, not fixed.
Matters needing attention
Description order
On the whole? The instructions should be in order, which is a necessary condition to make the contents of the instructions orderly. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The chronological order of description is similar to that of narration. Spatial order, we should pay special attention to the location of space, pay attention to the location and direction of things, such as inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast and northwest. Logical order, usually expressed by reasoning process. What order is adopted mainly depends on the characteristics of the objects expounded by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly. It is difficult for readers to understand the structure of buildings without spatial order. Explain things in logical order, so as to reflect the internal relations of things.
continuously
Logical order is one of the common interpretation orders.
The logical order is to introduce and explain things one by one according to the inherent logical relationship between things, or from the individual to the general, or from the concrete to the abstract, or from the main to the secondary, or from the phenomenon to the essence, or from the cause to the result. Whether in kind, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, utensils and so on. , or abstract things, such as ideas, ideas, concepts, principles, technologies, etc. It is suitable to explain all kinds of causal relationships or other logical relationships between things in logical order, and it is most appropriate to write in logical order.
The logical order of interpretation refers to determining the order of interpretation content according to the relationship between things or parts within things. Although the relationship between things is complex, there is always cause and effect, general, individual, universal and special. According to these, the author arranges the order of explaining the content, which is convenient to explain the relationship between things clearly and introduce the complex content in an orderly way. The logical order is mainly divided into 12-from cause to effect, from primary to secondary, from whole to part.
chronological order
Time series is one of the common narrative and explanatory sequences in articles. That is, the order of interpretation of things is introduced according to the order of development of things. The development and change of everything is inseparable from time, such as explaining production technology, product making, working methods, historical development, text evolution, character growth, animal and plant growth and so on. , in chronological order.
Proper use of chronological order in the article can make the finishing point, explain clearly and make readers see at a glance, so chronological order in the article is also a unique skill.
Space order
Spatial order, that is, according to the order of the spatial structure of things, or from the outside to the inside, or from top to bottom, or from the whole to the part. This order of interpretation is conducive to comprehensively explaining the characteristics of all aspects of things. This order is usually used to describe static entities (such as buildings). The story of the nuclear ship in our textbook is written according to spatial order of the hull-bow-stern-stern, and the Jinci in Liang Heng describes Notre Dame-colonnade-roof-colonnade; The Palace Museum first summarizes the general features of the Forbidden City buildings in the order of "general first" and then introduces the Taihe Gate, Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, Baohe Hall and Gan Qing Palace in detail. When introducing each building, we follow the order of first outside and then inside, first up and then down. This arrangement conforms to people's habit of observing things and is the most reasonable in all the sequences. Spatial order explains the structure of things or buildings in the order of spatial parts. This order is often used to explain group things.