With the internationalization of the market, the market demands higher and higher quality of products and services of enterprises, and the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Enterprises are facing a severe test in the competition. Some enterprises may even be eliminated. Enterprises should adapt to the new situation at home and abroad, seek survival in competition and seek development in survival. It is necessary to improve the competitiveness and anti-risk ability of enterprises, strengthen the internal information construction of enterprises, improve the internal operation efficiency and management level with the help of information technology, and achieve the purpose of improving the competitiveness of enterprises while reducing costs. Establishing a complete, perfect and applicable enterprise management information system (MIS) is undoubtedly one of the powerful means to achieve the above objectives. However, there is little research on enterprise-specific MIS, and the special situation of enterprises is rarely considered, which leads to low success rate and serious waste. Therefore, it is of great practical value to study the enterprise management information system and construct a representative system construction method.
1. 1 the concept of management information system
Management information system (MIS) first appeared in 1970, which was defined by Walter Keniwan as "providing managers, employees and outsiders with information about the past, present and forecast of the enterprise and its environment in written or oral form at an appropriate time to help them make decisions." At that time. Because of the limited function of computer, there is no computer software and hardware in the composition of management information system. With the development of information technology, management information system not only supports decision-making objectives, but also greatly improves its functions and composition. 1985 Gordon Davis, a famous professor, gave a relatively complete definition of management information system: "It is a man-machine system that uses computer hardware and software to analyze, plan, control and make decisions, and manually operates and databases. It can provide information to support the operation, management and decision-making of enterprises or organizations [1]. "
Great changes are taking place in today's world, and the environment, objectives, functions and connotations of management information systems are constantly changing with the passage of time. From the environmental point of view, the world has become "market globalization, diversified demand, fierce competition and short-term strategy". All changes are accelerating, and enterprises have to pay more attention to change management and strategic management. Objectively speaking, enterprises should be invincible in the fierce competition. First, products and services should meet the market demand, and second, enterprises should be efficient. Enterprises should be in a favorable position in delivery time (T), product or service quality (Q) and finished product (C). The management information system of an enterprise should be conducive to the strategic Excellence of the enterprise and the improvement of the efficiency of the enterprise so as to obtain benefits. Functionally, management information system should collect, transmit, process, store, update and maintain information. From the connotation, management information system consists of people, manual programs, computer hardware, software, communication networks and other office equipment.
If we want to give an accurate definition of management information system, we should say: "Management information system is a comprehensive man-machine system which is people-oriented, uses computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment to collect, transmit, process, store, update and maintain information, aims at strategic competition, improves efficiency and effectiveness, and supports high-level decision-making, middle-level control and grass-roots operation of enterprises."
1.2 development history of management information system
Although the development history of management information system based on computer technology is not long, it has gone through three stages: single data processing stage, comprehensive data processing stage and management information system stage. These stages are closely related to the development of computer technology, management science and system science. The details of each stage are not introduced here [3].
1.3 Development Status of Management Information System
Because foreign enterprises started early in information construction and have many advantages in capital and technology, the success rate of foreign enterprises in implementing MIS is high, and remarkable economic and social benefits have been achieved. Considerable achievements have also been made in the basic theoretical research of management information system.
Since 1980s, China began to develop and apply management information system. Despite the joint efforts of many domestic R&D units and enterprises, China's MIS construction has achieved great success. However, due to various factors, the construction of enterprise management information system still lags far behind foreign countries.
2. Overview of system analysis
2. 1 project background
This company is a large supermarket that operates various department stores. The company has five main departments: circulation department, finance department, storage department and personnel department. The main responsibilities and functions of each department are as follows:
Circulation department: mainly responsible for the purchase and sale of goods, responsible for opening up markets and testing products.
Finance Department: Handle all kinds of finance, such as current accounts, payroll accounting, cost accounting, etc.
Warehousing Department: Warehousing of goods and various accessories.
Personnel department: mainly responsible for the personnel files and performance appraisal of the company's employees.
The management of the company adopts a tree structure in management organization, and each layer has certain authority. The higher the level, the greater the authority. The specific structure is shown in the figure below.
corporate HQ
2.2 system planning
In the initial planning stage of the system, we focus on the comprehensive utilization of information resources from the actual situation of the enterprise and the current market potential. The basic construction principles of the system are: leadership participation, reliability, expansibility, practicality, safety, simple operation, business reorganization and so on.
After scientific and systematic planning and discussion, we have formulated the goal of information system: to build a management information system covering all departments within the company with advanced and mature computer and database technology as the main means, to ensure that information such as market, sales, procurement and personnel can be reflected in time and correctly, and to provide strong information guarantee for business decisions. Realize the modernization of company management, information resources and scientific decision-making
Focusing on the above objectives, we made a detailed system analysis and made a system implementation plan.