To evaluate and analyze 152 cases of migrant workers hospitalized in our department in March 2006, including the basic situation of patients, reasons for seeking medical treatment, marital status, economic status, psychological status, disease knowledge, nursing needs, etc. Results: 152 patients, anxiety accounted for 84%, loneliness and inferiority accounted for 65%, fear accounted for 47%, depression and despair accounted for 8%, hostile attack accounted for 5%. Every patient has more than two kinds of mentality, and some have five kinds of mentality at the same time, which is more common in patients with various compound injuries. Conclusion: Through psychological evaluation of migrant workers' patients, we can provide them with psychological support and improve their cognitive level and coping ability through nursing measures.
Keywords migrant workers; Psychological evaluation; Nursing intervention
Migrant workers have made great contributions to urban construction throughout the country. Most of them come from remote and backward areas, have low level of cultural knowledge, live at the bottom of society, and engage in occupations with high labor intensity, low technical content, high risk and low income. Once you are sick and need hospitalization, you will have all kinds of bad psychological state, which will affect the recovery and rehabilitation of the disease. The industry in our city is very developed, and a large number of migrant workers work in our city. Our hospital is a county-level general hospital, and migrant workers account for a certain proportion of the patients, among whom migrant workers account for 10.5% of the patients admitted to our department, and 92% of them are hospitalized in emergency and need surgery urgently. For this special group, we should grasp their psychological state. The author has been hospitalized in our department in recent years.
Psychological investigation and analysis were made on 152 cases of migrant workers, and relevant nursing intervention measures were put forward. The summary report is as follows:
1 objects and methods
1. 1 object
From March 2005 to March 2006, psychological investigation and evaluation were made on 152 migrant workers hospitalized in our department.
1.2 method
By means of communication and questionnaire survey, the contents include the basic situation of patients, reasons for seeing a doctor, marital status, economic status, psychological status, cognition of diseases, nursing needs and so on.
Two results
152 the age of migrant workers is between 17 ~ 6 1, of which 58 are married, accounting for 38%. Male 122, accounting for 81%; Education level: high school or technical secondary school 1 1 case, 68 cases in junior high school, 70 cases in primary school and 3 cases in illiteracy; Han nationality 1 18 cases, 34 cases of ethnic minorities. Among them, 82% were admitted to emergency surgery due to fighting, car accidents, work-related injuries, self-mutilation, etc., 14% were admitted to hospital due to acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation and incarcerated hernia, and 4% needed elective surgery. 152 patients, 84% were anxious, 65% were lonely and inferior, 47% were afraid, 8% were depressed and desperate, and 5% were hostile and aggressive. Every patient has more than two kinds of mentality, and some have five kinds of mentality at the same time, which is more common in all kinds of compound injury inpatients. In addition, patients' demand for psychological care accounts for 89%, and most patients think that effective psychological support of nurses is necessary.
3 discussion
3. 1 Related factors of anxiety and fear of migrant workers
Anxiety is an emotional experience when a person feels threatened [1]. And lack of knowledge about diseases; Fear of pain and postoperative discomfort; The threat of sudden illness to patients' lives; Various rescue treatments and medical care operations; Worried about the financial burden and so on. The main manifestations are nervousness, irritability, sadness, crying or depression.
3.2 Related factors of loneliness and inferiority of migrant workers
It is caused by being in a foreign land, unfamiliar environment, no relatives to accompany, and poor communication with medical staff. The main manifestations are reticence, not actively expressing their feelings, and not actively communicating with medical staff and patients.
3.3 Related factors of depression and despair of migrant workers
Depression is a negative emotion caused by the loss of reality or expectation. It is related to surgical removal of important organs, long course of disease, repeated illness, poor prognosis, inability to restore normal physical function and inability to continue to engage in normal professional labor. The main manifestations are sighing, helplessness and helplessness to the disease, and inactive treatment of the disease.
3.4 Related factors of hostility and aggression of migrant workers' patients
Hostility is the desire to attack, but it shows unfriendly, abusive, hateful or humiliating others; Hostility means that under some kind of stress, individuals respond by attacking, and the object of attack can be people or things [2]. The main manifestation is that patients refuse to receive treatment, including unplugging drainage tubes and infusion tubes. 4 nursing intervention measures
4. 1 Personalized psychological care for different patients
People's evaluation of the intensity of external stimuli, the severity of consequences and personal coping ability are all influenced by personality [3], so we carry out psychological nursing intervention according to the social role, personality, cultural quality and disease characteristics of patients. According to the survey, married patients who undertake economic tasks in the family mainly have anxiety and depression. We should build up their confidence, introduce more successful cases to these patients, reduce their worries, increase their sense of security, and reduce their hospitalization expenses as much as possible. For unmarried young patients, the psychological state of loneliness and inferiority is mainly manifested in the absence of family care. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the chances of communication with patients, gain the trust of patients, and try to get in touch with their families and strive for the greatest social support.
4.2 Carry out targeted health education to improve patients' understanding of diseases.
In the survey, 94% of the patients lack understanding of the disease, so we should know the psychological trends of the patients and their various worries about the disease in time, do a good job in health education of relevant knowledge, explain the patients' questions in detail, and pay attention to language expression. The content is as easy to understand as possible, so that patients can have a full preparation process in their minds and cope with the disease with the best mentality. For example, 1 38-year-old patient, married, admitted to hospital due to suppurative cholecystitis, needs emergency surgery. However, patients are worried that cholecystectomy will affect their normal life and work in the future and refuse surgery. At this time, they carefully explained the occurrence and development of the disease to patients and their families, explained the seriousness of the disease, and informed patients and their families of the necessity of surgery. At the same time, they introduced that the surgeons are experienced and the operation has developed very maturely, so that patients can rest assured.
4.3 Implement humanized nursing to provide more psychological support for patients.
89% of the patients in the survey need psychological care. We should consider the psychological setbacks faced by patients, understand their adverse psychological reactions, try our best to meet their psychological needs, safeguard their self-esteem, let patients express their anxiety and fear through conversation, assist them in analysis, and conduct targeted psychological counseling, thus enhancing the trust between nurses and patients. In all kinds of examination and treatment, we should pay attention to the gentle operation, patiently inform the illness and reflect humanistic care. We should respect their privacy, treat them equally, be indifferent, give sympathy and attention, and at the same time do a good job in the ideological work of patients' families, understand their thoughts, communicate with individual families with abnormal mentality and strive for more support. In addition, patients who are recovering or have recovered can speak freely, enhance their trust in surgery and surgeons, and create a positive atmosphere in the ward, so that patients can cope with diseases with the best mentality.
refer to
Wu Junlin. Patient psychology and nursing psychology. Medical psychology course. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006+02.
[2] Zhu, Jiang Ganjin. Patient psychology and nursing psychology. Medical psychology course. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.92.
[3], Zhu, Analysis of preoperative anxiety level and emotional needs of ophthalmic patients. Southern Journal of Nursing, 2005, 12 (7):
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