(1) title
1, title content
Type, direction and function
2. Writing requirements
The title should be accurate
The title should be novel
Problems can be varied.
The title should be concise.
(2) Department name
1, signature method
Collective signature
idiograph
2, the rules of signature
Contribution: put forward research ideas, undertake research work and solve key problems.
(C) keywords in the executive summary
1, abstract: central content, structure, main arguments and comments; The requirements are focused, concise and clear, generally without the first person, 200-300 words is appropriate. Academic papers should not exceed 1000 words, and relevant publications should have Chinese and English abstracts.
2. Keywords: must be standardized scientific terminology. Generally, each article has 3 to 5 keywords (keywords). Belongs to the pillar concept.
(4) Preface
1, content: the origin of the problem; Literature review: definition of theme (explanation of conceptual terms) and statement of problems; Theoretical and practical significance of the research.
2. Writing requirements: the topic should be clearly and accurately stated and the center should be prominent; Evaluate other people's research results objectively, fairly, scientifically and accurately; Briefly introduce the motivation and significance of the research.
(5) Text
1. Content: It is necessary to comprehensively expound and demonstrate the contents and methods of the research, comprehensively and systematically sort out and analyze the data obtained in the research process, and put forward arguments, analyze arguments and demonstrate them through charts, statistical results and documents, or through vertical development process or horizontal category analysis.
The research paper is divided into: 1, research object and method 2, research content and hypothesis 3, research steps and process 4, analysis and discussion of research results: the key part of the research paper. A. qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, B. discussion of the research results.
Results Analyze and discuss the reasons for the lack of materials.
The research design lacks a systematic view and the thinking of discussing problems is narrow.
If the operation process is not in place and the operation measures are not implemented, there will be no profound feelings and experiences.
Lack of literature retrieval, lack of understanding of other people's research, lack of objectivity and support for their own results discussion.
It is difficult to determine the project indicators that reflect the results.
It is difficult to choose the methods and means of measurement.
The requirements for data processing and analysis are also increasing.
The analysis and discussion of results need the theoretical literacy and insight of researchers.
There is no further research direction.
2. Writing requirements:
General requirements: scientific and creative; Fairness and accuracy; Academics and popularization.
The specific requirements are: 1, and the materials should be fully mastered. 2. Analysis and arrangement should be scientific. 3. Use charts appropriately. 4. The viewpoint materials should be unified. 5. Language use should be standardized. Correctly distinguish between academic concepts and life concepts, spoken language and written language. 6. Be careful when quoting arguments. Meet and confirm; Some good ideas in other people's views should be refined and synthesized; One-sided truth, pioneering thinking and careful judgment; Contrary to the authoritative point of view, find out what is wrong. (cite the past but not the present, cite foreign countries and China, cite publications and collections) 7. Internal logic should be strict. 8. The serial number of book titles should be standardized. 9. The discussion section should be concise.
(6) Conclusion
1, content: summary and generalization of the whole article. Summary of results (conclusion must point out which problems have been solved and which problems have not been solved? ); Future research prospects; Suggestions on education and teaching practice.
2. Requirements: summarize the full text, deepen the theme, reveal the law and point out the direction.
(7) Notes and references
1, content: books, publications, newspapers, internet.
2. Requirements: indicate the source completely.
(8) Appendix: questionnaires, scales, research materials, statistical data, plans, schemes, etc.
Question 2: How to write this according to the designed questionnaire, and then combine your analytical thinking, that is, what conclusions you want to draw through the questionnaire. This is data analysis.
Question 3: What does investigation mean? So how to write the research report? I. Significance of the investigation report
An investigation report is a written report that reflects the objective situation according to the investigation results of an event, situation or problem. It requires facts, analysis, opinions and materials to fully reflect the results of investigation and research. Investigation report is a style often used in practical work, and it is also one of the common news genres in newspapers and periodicals. The investigation report is also a report of investigation and study, one is investigation, the other is research and the third is report. Without investigation, there will be no report. Without investigation, you can't write a report.
Second, the characteristics of the survey report (similarities and differences with similar genres)
The investigation report should accurately describe the real situation and objective facts, and introduce background materials, similar to news reports. But it reports facts and explains the background, which is more detailed than news and simpler than communication; Generally speaking, news communication uses facts to explain things, while investigation reports should be analyzed and discussed on the basis of narration, from which conclusions can be drawn and the development law of things can be explored.
Third, there are mainly the following points:
1, typical experience survey report
This kind of investigation report mainly introduces the typical experience of advanced units or individuals. When writing, you should list your achievements, introduce your practices, sum up your experience, and clarify your meaning.
2, expose the problem of the investigation report
This kind of investigation report is highly targeted and mainly used to expose various contradictions and problems.
3. Investigation report on new things
This kind of investigation report focuses on introducing new things, new systems and new methods in socialist modernization and reform and opening up, and expounds their functions, benefits and significance.
4, the investigation report of historical facts
This kind of investigation report is used to investigate and verify a historical event or an important historical fact in detail, so as to check the facts, clarify the facts, restore the true colors of things and draw the proper conclusions.
5, explain the situation of the investigation report
This kind of investigation report mainly uses the methods of investigation and statistics to explain a certain situation or some tendentious problems with facts and data, so as to attract the attention of relevant departments and is often used as a reference for decision-making. When writing, there is a small amount of accurate analysis and discussion in the narrative, which is concise, concentrated, compact and short in length.
6, the basic situation of the investigation report
This kind of investigation report is a written report written after in-depth and systematic investigation and study of the basic situation of a specific region, department or society. Its content is comprehensive and extensive, including politics, economy, culture, education, life and other aspects, which can be used as an important basis for party and government leading organs and competent departments to grasp the overall situation and formulate policies and guidelines.
7, research and predictive investigation report
The function of this kind of investigation report is mainly to serve the decision-making of relevant units and departments, and it is one of the important methods to implement democratic and scientific decision-making. Its characteristics include not only the investigation and analysis of the current situation of a related matter and the study of related elements of the matter, but also the comprehensive reasoning and demonstration of the research results, the correct evaluation, adjustment and reform suggestions of related matters and the prediction of future trends.
Fourth, how to write a good research report
Writing a good research report requires a lot of ability and foundation, and it can't be completed in a day or two. However, as long as we work hard and do a lot of in-depth research, the content is rich, the views are correct, the opinions are extraordinary, and the methods to solve the problems are effective, even if the words are not fluent and the structure is wrong, it is still a good research report. It must be clear that the main purpose of our research report this time is to thoroughly and comprehensively grasp the work situation, ask questions, give ideas for the work, find ways to promote the work, and improve the writing ability is the secondary purpose.
Question 4: How to write the investigation report? An investigation report is a written report that records the investigation results.
From the comprehensive evaluation of the purpose of the investigation and the contents of the final written report, the investigation report can be roughly divided into the following types:
1. Investigation report summarizing typical experience.
This kind of investigation report is to summarize the positive experience of advanced figures or advanced regions and units, so as to exert influence on the surface. The research object is a concrete advanced model. After the investigation report is written, the experience summarized in it can be used for reference or inspiration by relevant personnel or units; It can also be used as materials for relevant authorities to carry out advanced learning activities.
2. Investigation report reflecting the situation.
Due to the different purposes, scope and uses of the investigation, there are two kinds of such investigation reports: one is a case investigation report that reflects the specific situation. The purpose of the investigation is to clearly define a specific problem, and the scope of the investigation is single and specific. The content of the report is generally used as a basis or an important reference for dealing with a specific problem. The other is a comprehensive investigation report that reflects the basic situation. The purpose of investigation is to grasp the general situation of a certain field or aspect. The scope of the survey is relatively wide, and there are many objects involved. The content of the report is mainly used as a reference for macro decision-making, or to explain some objective phenomena and an academic point of view.
3. An investigation report exposing the problem.
The investigation that reveals the problem must be carried out on the basis of existing clues. The purpose of the investigation is to find out the facts and obtain enough materials to explain the nature and extent of the problem. The survey objects are generally exposed problems and related units and personnel. The investigation report that exposes problems can not only be used to clarify right and wrong, distinguish authenticity and educate the masses, but also be directly used as an important basis for dealing with relevant responsible units and responsible persons.
The usual structure of an investigation report consists of a title, a preface, a text and an ending.
(1) title
The title of the investigation report has many forms. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: one is a single-line title, the other is a double-line title, and the single-line title can be divided into two types: official document title writing and general article title writing. The advantage of using official document titles is that people can make the language clear at once and understand the object of investigation and the purpose of the investigation report, such as the Investigation Report on the Application and Problems of Microcomputer in Enterprise Financial Accounting. The use of official document titles is easy to write too long and too dull, which is not in the position of inducing readers' desire to read. Although there are some disadvantages in using article titles, if handled well, people can understand the object of investigation and the purpose of the investigation report after reading the titles. Moreover, the topic has the advantages of being long or short, serious and humorous, descriptive and questioning. So it is easy to write lively, interesting and eye-catching. For example: angry roast chicken, where is the crux of newsprint tension and so on.
(2) Preface
Preface is the beginning of the investigation report, which can be used to explain the time, place, purpose, object and scope of the investigation; It can also be used to summarize the main contents and main gains of the investigation; It can also explain the background of the investigation and the conclusions drawn through the investigation.
(iii) Theme
The main content is the backbone of an investigation report. The text is usually narrative-oriented, combining narrative with discussion, and focusing on the questions raised in the introduction in turn.
(4) End
The end of the investigation report is written in different ways, or a paragraph is used to supplement the relevant matters; Or, by the way, explain a problem. Or summarize the whole article and deepen the theme; Or point out the shortcomings of the investigation.
Question 5: When we write medical SCI papers, how to write the results and analysis in the articles to help summarize the necessary research and analysis.
1. experimental research: generally, it is experimental research in etiology, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, biology, parasitology and epidemiology. Mainly divided into the following four types:
① Pharmacological and toxicological experiments and surgical experiments on various animals;
(2) In vitro experiments of pathogens or causes;
③ Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-parasite experiments of some drugs;
④ Disinfection, insecticidal and sterilization experiments.
2. Clinical analysis: analyze and discuss the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, treatment methods and curative effect observation of a certain disease in clinic (100 cases is better), sum up experiences and lessons, and put forward new suggestions and new insights to improve the clinical curative effect.
3. Observation of curative effect: it refers to treating a disease with a new drug or therapy, observing and studying its treatment method, curative effect, dosage, course of treatment and adverse reactions, or setting up a control group to compare the curative effects of old and new drugs or therapies, compare the curative effects, advantages and disadvantages of therapies, types and degrees of adverse reactions, and put forward opinions on whether it is suitable for popularization and application.
4. Case report: mainly report rare diseases and difficult and serious diseases; Although there have been several similar reports, it is still necessary to repeat the verification or deepen the understanding.
5. Case (pathological) discussion: Clinical case discussion is mainly a collective discussion on the diagnosis and treatment of some difficult, complex and easily misdiagnosed cases, so as to obtain correct diagnosis and effective treatment. Clinicopathological discussion focuses on pathological examination, diagnosis and related discussion of rare or difficult diseases.
6. Investigation report: the incidence, pathogenic factors, pathology, prevention methods and effects of certain diseases (infectious diseases, epidemics, occupational diseases, endemic diseases, etc.) within a certain population. ) epidemiological investigation and evaluation, and put forward suggestions for prevention and control.
7. Literature review: around a subject, consult and collect a large number of recent original medical literatures at home and abroad, and write a review after understanding, analyzing, summarizing and sorting out to reflect the history, present situation, latest progress and development trend of the subject, and put forward preliminary opinions and suggestions.
? Wechat quality medical service?
Question 6: How to write a research report? The core of the research report is to reflect and analyze objective facts realistically. The research report mainly includes two parts: one is investigation, and the other is research. Investigation should go deep into reality, accurately reflect objective facts, do not rely on subjective imagination, understand things as they are, and possess materials in detail. Research, that is, on the basis of grasping objective facts, carefully analyzes and thoroughly reveals the essence of things. As for the countermeasures, some opinions can be put forward in the research report, but they are not the main ones. Because the formulation of countermeasures is an in-depth, complex and comprehensive research process, whether the countermeasures put forward in the research report are adopted or promoted to policies must be pre-evaluated by policies. Mastering rich, conclusive and practical materials is the life of a research report. Abundant and conclusive materials come from on-the-spot investigation on the one hand, and books, newspapers, magazines and the Internet on the other. In the era of knowledge explosion, it seems easier to obtain indirect information, but it is rare to obtain in-depth domain information. This requires careful observation in practice, down-to-earth investigation, and mastering a lot of practical hand information. This is the premise of writing a good investigation report, and we must make great efforts. Secondly, it is not easy to distinguish the authenticity of things and find out the inherent regularity of things from a large number of direct and indirect information obtained. The research report should not cover everything. From the materials in hand, select the most typical and telling materials, analyze them, reveal the essence of things or find out the inherent laws of things, draw correct conclusions and sum up valuable things, which should be paid special attention to when writing research reports. Third, try to use accurate words and concise style. * * * The Investigation Report of Hunan Peasant Movement is a good example. When writing research reports, professional terms with mature concepts should be used, and non-professional terms should be accurate and easy to understand. Popularization should be advocated. In particular, the typical language of the respondents should be selected in the research report. At present, the blind pursuit of novel words, the use of complex words to express simple things and simple truths are actually the manifestations of impetuous style of study, and sometimes even "no real kung fu". Research reports are generally produced to solve a problem. The report needs to state the causes, process, trend and influence of the occurrence and development of the problem. If the concept of words is unclear, it will be difficult for readers to understand the true nature of things and the purpose of solving problems will not be achieved. Especially in the policy research report, accurate wording is helpful for decision makers to understand the content of the research report quickly and accurately, which is conducive to the correctness of policy formulation and adjustment. Fourth, the logic is rigorous and clear. The research report should be clear and well-founded. Arguments and viewpoints should have a strict logical relationship and be organized. Argument is not just to list examples and tell stories. Logical relationship refers to the inherent and inevitable connection between argument and viewpoint. If there is no logical relationship, no matter how many examples, it is difficult to prove the correctness of the viewpoint. Structural innovation is only a matter of form, and we can't focus on the form of pursuing reports. The structure of the research report can be eclectic. Fifth, we should have solid professional knowledge and ideological quality. A good research report is determined by the basic quality of researchers. Researchers should not only have a profound theoretical foundation, but also have rich professional knowledge. A policy often involves many aspects of the national economy and affects different social groups. Only with extensive knowledge can we deeply understand the country's major policies and correctly judge the needs of different groups involved in policies. It is enough to see the true face of complex things. Engels said: If the phenomenon and essence are unified, any science has no value. Researchers must have the ability to see the essence of things through phenomena. This stems from the accumulation of time, not overnight. Sixth, we should have people's feelings and pursue cause and truth. Everything is divided into two, and the research report has certain subjectivity. The author's position determines the theme and viewpoint of the report, and also determines the selection tendency of the report material. Ba Jin said, "It's not that I have talent, but that I have feelings." In-depth practical research requires a strong desire and feelings for the people and the country to solve problems. The emergence and development of things follow certain laws, and the writing process of research reports is actually a process of exploring the laws of the occurrence and development of things. The arguments and arguments in the report must conform to the laws of nature and society, rather than following the trend and catering to the needs of certain groups; This requires researchers to be very dedicated and have the spirit of unremitting pursuit of truth. The writing method and format of investigation report. ;
Question 7: How to write a research paper? The writing methods of the investigation report are as follows: 1. Familiar with the structural characteristics of the investigation report; Second, we must master the writing procedure of the investigation report.
(A) the structure of the investigation report
Generally speaking, the contents of the investigation report generally include: title, introduction, general introduction, data statistics, rational analysis, summary and conclusion or countermeasures, suggestions and attached materials. The resulting investigation report structure includes title, introduction, body, conclusion and signature.
1. Title
There are two kinds of titles of investigation reports: single title and double title. A single title is a title. Among them, there are official titles and literary titles. The title of the official document is "Subject+Chinese", such as "Investigation Report on Chinese Teaching in Rural Middle Schools in Zhejiang Province". The title of the article, such as "XX school-run enterprises"; The second is to indicate the title of the author's views obtained through investigation, such as "adjusting education policy and increasing education investment" The so-called double title means two titles, namely a title and a subtitle. For example, for the benefit of future generations-investigation report on closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation in --XX county.
Step 2 introduce
Getting started is also called getting started It is the preface of the investigation report, which briefly introduces the investigation, or puts forward the introduction of the full text to pave the way for the writing of the text. Common leads are: ① Short leads. Briefly introduce the subject, object, time, place, method and process of the investigation; ② General introduction. Summarize the contents of the survey report (including topics, objects, survey contents, survey results and analysis conclusions, etc.). ); ③ Explanatory introduction. That is, a brief introduction and explanation of the origin of the subject. ?
3. Text
The text is the main body of the investigation report. It describes the facts and related materials obtained from the investigation, discusses the analysis and synthesis, and explains the results and conclusions of the investigation and research. The structure of text has different frames. ① Frames for arranging materials according to logical relationship are: vertical structure, horizontal structure and vertical and horizontal structure. Among these three structures, people often adopt vertical and horizontal structures. (2) According to the level of content expression, the framework is composed of "situation-result-problem-suggestion" structure, which is mostly used to reflect the basic situation of the investigation report; The structure of "result-concrete practice-experience" is mostly used to introduce the investigation report of experience; The structure of "problem-reason-opinion or suggestion" is mostly used to expose the investigation report of the problem; The structure of "event process-event nature conclusion-handling opinion" is mostly used for investigation reports that reveal the right and wrong of cases.
end
The content at the end is mostly the investigator's views and suggestions on the problem, which is the inevitable result of analyzing and solving the problem. The ending methods of the investigation report mainly include supplementary, deepening, suggestive and heuristic. sign
The signature of the investigation report shall indicate the name of the unit and individual where the respondent belongs and the completion time. If the investigator is indicated under the heading, it can be omitted when signing.
(B) the writing procedure of social practice investigation report
Generally speaking, writing a social practice survey report has to go through the following five procedures:
1. Determine the theme
Theme is the soul of investigation report, which is of decisive significance to the success or failure of investigation report writing. Therefore, to determine the theme should pay attention to:
The theme of the report should be consistent with the theme of the investigation;
Redefine the theme according to the results of investigation and analysis;
The theme should be small and focused; Coordinate with the title to avoid title errors. ?
Step 2 choose materials
The systematic and complete survey data obtained through statistical analysis and theoretical analysis still need to be carefully selected when organizing the survey report, and it is impossible and unnecessary to write a full report, so we should pay attention to the selection. How to choose materials? ① Select materials related to the theme, and remove irrelevant, irrelevant, secondary and unimportant materials to make the theme concentrated, distinct and prominent; (2) Pay attention to the combination of material points and surfaces. Materials should not only support a certain viewpoint in the report, but also support each other to form a superficial "atmosphere";
Among the existing useful materials, we should compare, identify and choose the best material to support the author's point of view, so that each material is equal to one.
3. Layout and outline preparation
This is the key link in the conception of the investigation report. Layout refers to the form of investigation report, which is embodied in the outline and is the skeleton of the article. The process of drawing up an outline is actually a process of further classifying and structuring the investigation materials. The principle of this framework is ... >>
Question 8: How to write the research report plan? How to write a research report
How do entrepreneurs write market research reports?
It is necessary to write a market research report after the activity. Summarize activities and sort out ideas as an important basis for feasibility analysis.
A good research report must:
(1) is true and complete.
(2) The analysis is objective and scientific.
(3) The conclusion is clear and definite. Even if there are several possibilities for future prediction, each possibility needs certain certainty. For example, what are the conditions and what will happen?
The following are the main contents that the research report should include.
1, purpose of investigation
This paper briefly introduces the basic situation of the enterprise and the main problems existing at present. What are the specific problems you are going to do market research and what information do you need to know?
2. Scope of investigation
According to the market area of the enterprise, to what extent did the investigation activities go? Who, when and where are the subjects of this survey?
3. Investigation methods
According to the number of surveys: which one of comprehensive survey, key survey, typical survey and sampling survey is adopted? Which of inquiry, observation and experiment is adopted? What statistical method is used for data processing?
4. Investigation contents
This is the main content of the report, which can be divided into three parts:
(1) Collect various situations and related data through data DD, and make appropriate summary, classification and comparison.
(2) Analyze DD's information about lectures combined with other relevant information, and make a comprehensive, dynamic and systematic scientific analysis.
(3) Conclusion DD makes judgments on the current situation and forecasts the future period. The task of market research is to understand today and grasp tomorrow. Tomorrow is very uncertain. It should be determined through careful research and scientific analysis, which should be the focus of the report.
Step 5 make suggestions
It is the embryonic form of the next business plan to write the preliminary ideas formed through sorting, analysis and judgment into alternative plans. The unsolved problems and new problems can be put forward as the work topics of the next research activity.
6. Appendix on the back
For the important materials and data mentioned in the report (marked with digital symbols), their sources and calculation methods are explained here respectively to prove their reliability and accuracy.
In addition, there must be a title before the text and a report date after the text.