1. Journal author. Title [J] Title, year of publication, volume (issue): page numbers.

2. Monograph author. Title [M]. Version (the first version is not recorded). Place of publication: publisher, year of publication: starting and ending page numbers

3. The author of the prose collection. Title [c]. Edit. Name of the collection, place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page numbers.

4. Author of the paper. Title [D] Save location. Save unit. age

5. Title of the patent document [P]. Country. Types of patent documents. Patent number. publication date

6. Standard number. Standard name

7. newspaper author. Title; Newspaper name. Publication date (version)

8. Author of the report. Title [r]. Save location. age

9. Author of electronic document. Title [Electronic document and carrier type identification]. Literature source and date

Literature types and their identification;

1. According to GB3469, various commonly used documents are identified as follows:

① Journals [J] ② Monographs [M] ③ Papers [C] ④ Dissertations [D] ⑤ Patents [P] ⑤ Standards [S] ⑦ Newspapers [N] ⑧ Technical reports [R]

2. The type of electronic document carrier is identified by two letters, as follows:

① magnetic tape [mt] ② magnetic disk [dk] ③ optical disk [CD] ④ online network [[〔OL〕]]