Keywords: history teaching; Emotions, attitudes and values; Burning Yuanmingyuan?
China Library Classification Number: G632 Document Identification Number: B Document Number:1002-7661(2016) 01-032-01?
The most troublesome thing in the three-dimensional goal of history teaching is the cultivation of "emotional attitude and values". The history of teaching materials has passed hundreds or even thousands of years. How to help students understand people's feelings from a few words in the textbook, so as to help them further deepen their understanding of the textbook, once made me very helpless. ?
About the two Opium Wars, the historical facts are simple, but how to make students deeply understand the situation faced by the people of China more than 100 years ago, truly understand the feelings of the people at that time, and thus stimulate their national feelings. I have always felt that this problem has not been explored. ?
After careful consideration, I decided to follow the crowd and start with a fragment, giving the shameless aggression of the great powers and the feelings of the people of China in the whole Opium War to the familiar incident of the burning of Yuanmingyuan. ?
In order to enhance students' sensory experience, I collected several restored pictures of Yuanmingyuan on the Internet, which are beautiful, just like a fairyland. I was attracted at once and couldn't open my eyes for a long time. In order to increase the activity of the class, I also specially arranged a classmate with good eloquence to act as a tour guide and lead us to visit Yuanmingyuan. ?
I think the design is very reasonable and novel, and I am waiting for the class with confidence. However, contrary to expectations, this class not only failed to advance towards the expected effect, but even failed very much. ?
When showing beautiful pictures, the students were really attracted, and many people showed surprised expressions. But when the tour guide began to introduce that these pictures were restoration maps of Yuanmingyuan, a discordant voice appeared, "Fake!" The other students looked at him doubtfully. I gave him an unhappy look. He is a very active boy in the class. Seeing that he was being paid attention to, the boy proudly said, "I have been to Yuanmingyuan, but it is not like this at all!" " These pictures are so fake! ..... "See him more say more vigorously, I immediately" forcefully "stopped him. After that, the tour guide continued to introduce, but obviously, most of the students in the class were not in the state. The final result of this course is to complete the knowledge required by the curriculum standards, but the so-called emotional experience is almost absent. ?
I reviewed this lesson carefully, and there were too many shortcomings:
First, I overlooked the fact that the post-90s students are a generation that grew up surrounded by electronic products. Their contact with the internet is much more skilled than my teacher's, and they can tell whether the picture is real or made online at once. What history needs is real experience, and illusory pictures can only get illusory experience. ?
Secondly, the scene setting should have been a brilliant place, but because students have limited knowledge of Yuanmingyuan, the introduction of the tour guide only comes from a few descriptions in the textbook, which can't bring students into the situation, and it really becomes a failure. ?
Third, the biggest failure is that when the voice of doubt appeared, I not only failed to solve the problem, but stopped the students from speaking with the authority of the teacher. If I had actively guided the children who asked questions to talk about what they saw and heard about Yuanmingyuan, I might have seen the Yuanmingyuan that children understood from their own perspective. But unfortunately, I killed the child's speech and murdered his interest in learning history. ?
With infinite apologies to the children, I rearranged the class. ?
In order to get the most authentic experience, I used my holiday time to go to Beijing, and spent two whole days visiting and understanding the Yuanmingyuan. ?
After class, I closed my textbook and announced, "Students, we won't have classes today. The teacher will take you on a trip. " The voice just fell and the classroom was full of joy! "What we are going to today is a magical and mysterious place-Yuanmingyuan. Have any classmates been there? " The students shook their heads. "Oh, that's too bad", I am very sorry. "It's a beautiful and bright place!" "Teacher, tell us about it." Some students can't stand the temptation. "Well, I'll tell you about the Yuanmingyuan I saw." I exulted that the students took the bait. "Now, please close your eyes. Follow my footsteps and walk into Yuanmingyuan. Let's feel it together. " ?
After a pause, I began to tell. ?
"The first time I saw Yuanmingyuan was last summer. At half past six in the morning, I walked through the silent veranda and came to the lake. The lake is full of lotus flowers. The fog in the morning has not completely dispersed, and the crystal dew is rolling around on the lotus leaf; Lotus flowers show a shy and charming face; Lotus leaves are scattered all over the sky until the end of the day. Close your eyes gently, and the fragrance is filled with the fragrance of lotus, which is refreshing. My thoughts also spread slowly in this wonderful feast ... ". ?
"Time flies, noon comes. The diabolical sunshine stung the skin severely, and the hateful cicada screamed endlessly. People are in a terrible mood! At this time, the boat sailed into a narrow waterway. Tall willows on both sides of the river hang straight into the water, reflecting the green of the lake. The breeze blows, and the summer heat dissipates slightly. At this moment, a small bridge came into view. The bridge is so small that you can cross it in a few steps. But surprisingly, the whole bridge is made of transparent white marble, and countless dragons are carved on the piers and railings! Despite the vicissitudes of life, the dragon is full of heroic spirit and almost flies to the sky! ……"?
"The boat continued to drive in the narrow waterway and turned a bay. The world has changed. Far away, there are no magnificent buildings and flowerbeds. Weeds that are only one person tall. Behind the weeds, there are cold stones lying there quietly. I know, I'm here. ”？
"Even if there are open waters, the boatman will still drive the boat close to the shore. I reached out and touched the cold, not the stone. What's it like? The biting cold immediately reached the heart. I can't help shivering. What a sight before us! Exquisite statues no longer exist, traces of smoky fire can be faintly seen on the white marble pillars, and a broken stone lion falls into an empty quagmire in an empty void. The slide shows the remnants of the corner of Yuanmingyuan, a broken stone lion, which I took myself. When I looked up, it was a broken scene. If you have just experienced a fairyland, then you are in hell now! " ?
"Who destroyed the Yuanmingyuan?" ?
"British and French troops!" The students' angry voices rang out. ……?
There are no dazzling courseware, no fancy pictures, only an ordinary history teacher tells her feelings attentively, so that students can feel her feelings. ?
Such a class will have a thousand opinions in the eyes of a thousand teachers. Whether it is successful or not is a matter of opinion, but I have gained more: I saw the children's expressions changing with my story, I saw the expressions of heartache and resentment on their faces, and I saw the steam in their eyes. ?
I think Yuanmingyuan has taken root in their hearts, and at the same time it has a small seedling of history.