Engineering supervision enterprises are generally entrusted by the construction unit to carry out professional supervision and management of engineering construction according to the relevant national laws and regulations on engineering construction, engineering project construction documents, construction project entrusted supervision contracts and other construction contracts approved by the competent construction department. The main work of construction project supervision includes: assisting the construction unit to carry out the feasibility study of the project, optimizing the design scheme, design unit and construction unit, reviewing the design documents, controlling the project quality, cost and construction period, supervising and managing the performance of the construction project contract, and coordinating the working relationship between the construction unit and the construction parties.

Supervision enterprise; Project cost; cost control

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The control of project cost by supervision enterprises is reflected in all stages of project construction, especially in the construction stage and completion settlement stage. According to the different stages of the project progress, this paper briefly expounds how to take effective measures to ensure the project progress and quality and realize effective cost control.

I. Supervision and control of project cost in design stage

In general, the total cost of the engineering design stage is less than 1% of the total investment. However, the design stage has a great influence on the whole project cost. In the design stage, what materials and structures are used for construction, so the possible performance that affects the project investment reaches 75%. If the design stage is well controlled, the potential for saving investment is much greater than that in the construction stage. Engineering construction is a process of gradually implementing the builder's intention according to the design scheme on the basis of design, so whether the design is economical and reasonable is the key to effectively control the project cost. From the perspective of total quality management, it is scientific and reasonable to strengthen the supervision in the design stage. Supervision engineer should strictly control in the design stage:

First, we should carefully examine whether the design of each stage can meet the quality and depth and the investment requirements of related stages. This is because whether the quality and depth of design can meet the national standards is not only related to the investment of construction projects, but also affects the good play of benefits after completion and delivery;

Second, carefully review the construction design drawings, make suggestions on the rationality and safety of the construction drawings, reduce major design changes in the construction process, and reduce the one-time investment of the project. On the issue of safety, we must never be vague, and we must try our best to reduce the amount of work under the condition of ensuring safety, so as to reduce the project cost.

It can be seen that to strengthen the supervision in the design stage, it is necessary to do a good job of pre-management and active control. But also scientific, reasonable and necessary.

Second, the effective control of project cost in the project contracting stage

The key to project cost control in the project contracting stage is to compile the terms of the construction contract. The general construction contract mainly consists of the following clauses:

1) The contract price is divided into three types: fixed total price, fixed unit price and adjustable price contract;

2) The amount, payment period and deduction method of the project advance payment;

3) Payment method, amount, time limit or node time of the project progress payment;

4) When the project construction changes, the adjustment method, claim method and construction period requirements of the project price;

5) the solution to the project price dispute; Agreement on the increase or decrease of the cost of the construction unit or contractor's liability for breach of contract;

6) agree on the scope and scope of risk contracting and the adjustment method beyond the agreed scope and scope;

7) Settlement payment method, amount determination and time limit of the project completion price;

8) The amount, withholding method and time limit of project quality assurance (warranty) gold;

9) Insurance expenses for safety measures, civilized construction and accidental injury;

10) time limit for a project and the reward and punishment measures for advancing or delaying the time limit for a project;

1 1) guarantee fees related to the performance of the contract and payment of the price.

Therefore, the supervision engineer must master the general situation, nature and characteristics of the project to determine the most suitable contract price form for the project, and make a detailed plan for the total contract price and its adjustable scope and method for the owner's reference when bidding, so as to avoid the occurrence of claims in the construction process as far as possible. So as to ensure the realization of investment control objectives.

Third, the construction stage of the project cost control

The construction stage is the actual occurrence and payment stage of the project cost, and the key point of the project cost control at this stage is to control the allocation of the project progress payment, the changes in the construction process and the project visa:

(A) the progress of the payment control

First of all, the supervision engineer should strictly implement the total contract price, contract unit price and agreed payment method in the construction contract of the building project; Should adhere to the inspection data is incomplete, inconsistent with the contract documents, unqualified not to sign the quality or breach of contract.

Secondly, the increase or decrease of expenses caused by design changes, contract supplements and claims for breach of contract should be handled reasonably and fairly. Controversial engineering quantity measurement and project payment should be determined through consultation. If negotiation fails, it shall be negotiated with the local competent department and settled in the way agreed in the contract.

Furthermore, the audit of engineering quantity and project payment should be carried out within the time limit stipulated in the construction contract of the construction project.

If the review of progress payment fails to follow the above principles, the following extreme situations will usually occur:

First, the progress payment exceeds the proportion agreed in the contract. For example, if the sub-projects that have not passed the acceptance or have not yet been constructed are included in the completed projects, and the materials with too low unit price in the contract are replaced by visas, it will occupy the owner's funds, thus reducing the investment benefit, and it is more likely that the progress payment will exceed the estimated completion payment, and the construction unit will not return or delay the return of the overpaid money, resulting in the owner's economic losses.

Second, the proportion of progress payment is insufficient or in arrears. The occurrence of this extreme situation is generally due to the owner's lack of funds or complicated audit process, which leads to the lag of construction period, the slowdown of personnel and the idleness of machinery and equipment, which affects the progress and quality of the project, leads to the occurrence of claims and causes losses to the owner.

In order to avoid the above problems, the project supervision department should do the following:

1, make the project investment target control plan before construction. The supervision engineer shall, according to the construction contract, design documents, project budget data, and the general construction schedule, prepare the investment trend chart (i.e. investment target control plan) of this project supervision project before the start of construction, and establish the engineering quantity account of each division.

2, carefully review the bill of quantities and quotation. In accordance with the provisions of the tender documents and the construction contract on budget adjustment, carefully examine the bill of quantities and quotation adjustment that the construction unit may propose. It should be compared with the pre-tender estimate bill of quantities and carefully checked. Pay attention to the audit to find out whether the list is increased or decreased and the adjustable or non-adjustable scope stipulated in the tender or contract documents.

3. Predict investment risks and formulate preventive measures. Before the project starts, the supervision engineer should analyze the price composition according to the construction contract, design documents and bidding documents, predict the risks that the project cost may break through, formulate preventive measures, and regularly check and pay attention to prevention.

4. Review the construction organization design, construction technical scheme and construction progress plan put forward by the construction unit, and put forward improvement suggestions according to the cost of measures in the contract budget, so as to save the expenditure of measures. Organize the construction within a reasonable time limit to avoid unnecessary rush expenses.