Tong Dizhou criticized in the article "The Relationship between Biological Science and Philosophy" that "philosophy is metaphysics and has nothing to do with science. People who engage in science should not ask about philosophy. If we combine science with philosophy, science will lose its scientificity. He believes that the history of science is closely related to the history of philosophical and ideological struggle. " Scientific achievements are used or distorted as weapons of struggle. Materialism won, science developed, materialism failed and science declined. "Through the historical investigation of the development of biological science in Europe, Tong Dizhou clearly put forward that' the prosperity of biological science can not be separated from the leading thought of philosophy',' it is closely related to certain times and social conditions at that time, and it is not isolated. To correctly understand the historical and social situation at that time and dissect complex social phenomena, we must have a historical materialism, which cannot be separated from Marxist-Leninist philosophy. On the basis of this understanding, Tong Dizhou attached importance to studying the history of biological development by using the positions, viewpoints and methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and properly evaluated the important biological theories and theories in history. He believes that "in the past few years, human understanding of biological phenomena, explanations and debates on various theories and doctrines mainly lie in the difference of world outlook." Tong Dizhou also made a scientific analysis of Morgan School and Mi Qiu Lin School in gene research, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these two schools. In his view, scientists should get rid of narrow prejudice, strive to "absorb the correct parts of various theories, and develop and promote gene research with dialectical materialist views and methods." Tong Dizhou emphasized that "in order to realize scientific development, we must first correct our universe, eliminate the concepts of idealism and metaphysics, and dialectically. In the article "On the Development of Biological Sciences", he further pointed out that in order to establish a correct biological theoretical system, we must use dialectical materialism philosophy to analyze and synthesize the complex phenomena in the essence of life, thus revealing the essence of life and its reproductive law.

Engels once pointed out that there are two ways for Beran scientists to hold materialist dialectics. One is: "It can be realized naturally just because of the power of natural science discovery itself ... but it is a relatively long and slow process ..." This is a spontaneous road, that is, in scientific practice, some materialistic and dialectical understandings are naturally drawn from some natural laws revealed by natural science. The other is, "if theoretical natural scientists are willing to study dialectical philosophy carefully from the form of historical existence, then this process can be greatly shortened." This is a conscious road, that is, not only through scientific practice, but also through systematic theoretical study. Tong Dizhou took a conscious road, so his biological philosophy was neither spontaneous nor accidental. He not only attaches importance to scientific experiments, but also attaches importance to learning philosophy. 1965 when the editorial department of Red Flag magazine gave him hardcover books such as Dialectics of Nature, Anti-Turin Theory, Criticism of Materialism and Empiricism, he was very happy and said sincerely, "This is the most precious gift. I must study hard. " At that time, some international bourgeois scholars shouted that Marxism did not meet the needs of the times in an attempt to strengthen people's belief in Marxism and weaken and eliminate its influence. With his own personal experience and outstanding scientific achievements, Tong Dizhou earnestly warned that "scientists should learn Marxist-Leninist philosophy and guide their scientific research with philosophy. This is very necessary. " This was particularly valuable at that time, and it has important practical significance even today. Just one year before his death, Tong Dizhou also talked about the practical significance of Lenin's idea of "alliance" between philosophers and scientists. In his view, philosophers should study and master the new achievements and new materials of contemporary natural science, put forward convincing arguments from philosophy, or explore new laws to enrich and develop philosophy, and raise philosophy to a level suitable for the times, while natural scientists should study and apply Marxist philosophy in the research field, so that their real works can make new progress and breakthroughs on the basis of correct help theory.

In scientific research, Tong Dizhou did just that. He consciously draws rich thoughts from dialectical materialism philosophy and seeks effective ideological weapons, and is good at discussing scientific problems with philosophical thoughts. His papers with high academic value, especially the philosophy of science embodied in the study of the relationship between cells according to quality, are proof. Tong Dizhou has long been engaged in the research on the embryonic development mechanism of amphioxus. In the experiment of transplanting ectodermal cells and endodermal cells of Wenchang fish eggs, it was found that cytoplasm also had the ability to change the genetic expression of cells during individual development. However, in cytogenetics, since the beginning of last century, geneticists, embryologists and cytologists have been arguing endlessly about the nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship, which has formed a "nuclear-cytoplasmic dispute" for more than half a century. It is generally believed that cytoplasm is controlled by cells, and nucleus is the commander-in-chief who controls cell differentiation, development and inheritance of physiological traits. In the 1950s, many scientists believed that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) could only be found in the nucleus. At that time, some people said that "DNA is rarely found in cytoplasm, so its existence in cytoplasm is usually considered as an accidental event, a man-made product, or the result of misinterpretation by some people" (in fact, it was pointed out at that time that everyone in cytoplasm has DNA, but few people noticed this). Therefore, this view prevailed in cytogenetics in the past. That is, chromosomes in the nucleus are the only genetic basis, thus ignoring the role of cytoplasm in heredity. How to explain the new phenomenon that is contrary to the traditional theory? Tong Dizhou repeatedly studied Marxist philosophical works, from which he got profound enlightenment.