In many aspects of personal growth, you often see papers. With the help of papers, we can discuss problems and conduct academic research. Still at a loss for the paper? The following is my paper on the effective application of communication theory in the education process, hoping to help you.
[Paper Keywords] effective communication skills, effective communication
Abstract itself is a process of communication. As communicators, teachers should create a good image and establish their own "brand", and at the same time, they should follow the law of communication and use certain communication skills to educate students' personality, so as to achieve better results in communication.
The so-called communication is the transmission of information or the operation of social information systems. Because education itself is also a process of information transmission, teachers are the disseminators of knowledge and students are the objects of communication, so teachers can use communication theory to carry out educational activities. So, how can we effectively apply communication theory in the process of education? This first involves a communication effect problem. In the field of communication, the concept of communication effect has double meanings: first, it refers to the change of attitude and behavior caused by communication behavior with persuasion motivation, usually referring to the extent to which communication activities have achieved the intention or purpose of the communicator; Second, it refers to the sum of all the effects and results of communication activities on recipients and society, whether these effects are intentional or unintentional, direct or indirect, obvious or potential. According to the theory of communication, in order to achieve better communication effect, teachers should create a good image, establish their own "brand", and at the same time follow the law of communication and use certain communication skills to educate students' personality.
First, establish prestige and form a "brand"
The disseminator is in the most advantageous position in the process of communication, and the disseminator determines the content of the information, but even if the information with the same content comes from different disseminators, people's acceptance of it is different. This is because people must first judge the authenticity and value of information according to the credibility of the communicator. Credibility includes two elements. The first is the credibility of the communicator, including honesty, objectivity, fairness and other character conditions. The second is professional authority, that is, whether the communicator has the right to speak and the right to speak on specific issues. These two forms the basis of credibility. Generally speaking, the higher the credibility of the source, the greater the persuasion effect; The lower the credibility, the smaller the persuasion effect. For communicators, establishing a good image and winning the trust of the audience is the premise to improve the communication effect.
As communicators, teachers should first establish their own prestige. Winning the trust of students is the most basic quality a teacher should have. Teachers want students to truly trust themselves, and the most important thing is to gain students' respect and love from personality and establish credibility. "To be a teacher by example" and "to be a teacher by example" all say that teachers should have noble personality, establish personal credibility and become "models" for students to be human beings. This includes honesty and trustworthiness, objectivity and justice. Teachers should be honest and trustworthy, do what they say and act decisively. In addition, teachers should be objective and fair, treat students equally, and have clear rewards and punishments. Praise the right, criticize the wrong, never take sides, and establish a healthy atmosphere in the class. In this way, the teacher's reputation will be established, and students will do as the teacher asks.
In addition, to be a good communicator, teachers must study and think more professionally, improve their own cultural quality, and create an image of professional authority. Only by trusting the authority of teachers in knowledge can students respect teachers and study hard. However, a teacher with a low level of knowledge and culture is often prone to make some mistakes in teaching, and sometimes even can't cope with the sudden problems raised by students, which will greatly reduce the students' trust in the teacher, thus damaging the teacher's own image and affecting the teaching effect. Therefore, teachers must create their own professional authority image.
Second, use certain communication skills.
Communication skills refer to the strategies and methods used to effectively achieve the expected goals in persuasive communication activities. Communication skills include content prompting, reasoning and appeal. Teachers should use certain communication skills in the process of education to achieve good communication results.
1。 "One-sided prompt" and "two-sided prompt" vary from person to person.
There are usually two ways to persuade or publicize some problems with opposing factors. One is to prompt the object of persuasion only with one's own point of view or favorable judgment, which is called "one-sided prompt"; The other is to prompt your own opinions or favorable materials, but also to prompt your opposing opinions or unfavorable materials in some way, which is called "double-sided prompt". Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Generally speaking, the "one-sided tip" can focus on one's own point of view, with a clear purpose, concise and easy to understand, but at the same time it will give people an "aggressive" impression and make the persuaded object psychologically resistant. On the other hand, "double-sided prompt" can eliminate the psychological antipathy of the persuaded, because it gives the opposing views a chance to speak and gives people a sense of fairness. However, because the two viewpoints are prompted at the same time, the argument becomes more complicated and it is more difficult to understand.
According to the attributes of the target audience, the effects of the two methods are obviously different. "One-sided prompt" has better persuasion effect for people with low educational level, and "two-sided prompt" has better persuasion effect for people with high educational level. Therefore, in the process of education, teachers should adopt different communication methods for students with different cultural levels.
2。 The combination of "expressing conclusions" and "including opinions"
On the one hand, "express conclusion" can make the point clear and the object can easily grasp the author's position, but at the same time it also makes it too tough; On the other hand, the method of "inspiration and guidance" does not show a clear conclusion, but includes the conclusion in the judgment materials, giving people the impression that the conclusion comes from oneself and makes the object unconsciously influenced by the persuader, but it is easy to blur the main idea and sometimes it is difficult to carry out the communicator's intention. Regarding whether the conclusion is explicit, it is certain that when the topic and purpose are complicated, the explicit conclusion is better than the conclusion; When the level and understanding ability of the persuasion object are low, the conclusion should be clearly stated; The method of letting the persuader draw his own conclusions is used when the topic is simple, the purpose is clear, or the object has a high cultural level and can fully understand the purpose, because in this case, if the conclusion is clearly prompted, it will be redundant, which will easily cause the object's irritability or disgust and have a negative impact on the persuasion effect.
In this process, "expressing conclusions" and "including opinions in materials" should be combined. On the one hand, in the process of education, teachers should "do what they say" and explain the truth clearly, but they should not impose it on others, be persuasive and implicit. Today's students are no longer the "obedient machines" that used to listen to what teachers said. If teachers want students to receive education, they must convince people by reasoning and really convince students through certain ways and means. "Preaching" or yelling loudly will only attract students' resistance. Teachers can first ask a question calmly, inspire students to think for themselves, listen to their voices, then conduct implicit guidance by means of * * * discussion, and finally let students draw their own conclusions. On the other hand, in the process of education, we can also provide a guiding judgment material, "the material contains opinions", so that students can accept the influence unconsciously.
3。 The combination of "appeal to reason" and "appealing to sensibility"
When conducting persuasive communication activities, how to "impress" the target is also an important factor affecting the communication effect. People usually have two ways: one is to calmly put facts and reason, and use the power of reason or power to achieve the purpose of persuasion; The other is to seek specific effects, mainly by creating an atmosphere or using strong emotional words to infect each other.
Education should combine "appeal to reason" with "appealing to sensibility", sometimes convincing with rational analysis, and sometimes infecting students with emotion. Because the effectiveness of the two methods varies from person to person, from thing to thing and from time to time, some problems can only be solved by "appeal to reason" method, and some problems are more effective by "appealing to sensibility", while the method of "moving with emotion and understanding with reason" combining the two methods can get better results.
4。 Adopt "alarm effect"
"Knocking the alarm bell" has dual functions: it emphasizes the interests of things, which can attract the attention of the persuaded object to the maximum extent and promote their contact with relevant information; At the same time, the sense of urgency it generates can prompt people to take action quickly.
In education, we can use the method of "knocking the alarm bell" to arouse students' sense of crisis and nervousness, and promote their attitude and behavior to change in a certain direction. For example, teachers can emphasize the importance of students' test scores to their studies, so as to arouse their attention to their studies to the maximum extent and urge them to take corresponding learning actions quickly. Of course, because "sounding the alarm" basically pursues specific effects by stimulating students' fears, it will bring some psychological discomfort to students, so teachers should pay attention to grasping the sense of proportion and avoid negative effects.
Third, pay attention to students' personality.
As the object of communication, each student has a different personality. Some students are more likely to accept the teacher's advice or persuasion, while others are opinionated and go their own way. This personality tendency of "easy" or "difficult" to accept persuasion from others is called personal persuasiveness, which includes the following aspects: (1) Persuasiveness related to specific topics-there are various persuasion topics, and a student may easily accept the teacher's opinions on some topics, but may easily have a refusal or rejection attitude on other topics; (2) Persuasiveness related to a specific form of argument or appeal-for example, some students are easy to accept rational persuasion, and some students are easy to accept the infection of the scene or atmosphere. Some students show spontaneous aversion to "forced" persuasion, while they are easy to accept "induced" persuasion. (3) General persuasion-the tendency to accept or reject others' opinions, which is not directly related to the theme or persuasion form, and is stipulated by personal character and personality.
The strength of self-confidence is closely related to persuasiveness. The stronger the self-confidence, the less convincing. The weaker the self-confidence, the more convincing it is. In addition, the factor related to persuasiveness is the characteristics of personal information behavior. Information behavior refers to various behaviors of individuals seeking, contacting and processing information.
Because each student's self-confidence, curiosity, personality, habits and family are different, their information behavior also has its own characteristics, which directly or indirectly affect the communication effect of education. Therefore, teachers should have a deep understanding of students and "teach students in accordance with their aptitude" according to their different characteristics in order to produce the best communication effect.
In a word, in the process of education communication, teachers, as communicators, should combine educational practice, consciously apply communication theory and follow certain communication laws if they want to spread knowledge and educate students better and more effectively.
References:
[1] Guo. Communication course [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 1999 1 1 version.
[2] Fang Hanqi editor. Communication history of China [M]. Renmin University of China Press, 2002, 1 1 version.
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