Argumentative essay is an article about argumentation and reasoning, and it is a style with argumentation as the main expression. Mainly through putting facts and reasoning, using factual materials and logical reasoning to explain the author's point of view, showing what is for and what is against.

Two, three elements

Argument, argument, argument.

1. argument: it is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is also the central issue expounded in the article. It is the soul of argumentative writing.

Common topics are: a. What is the argument of this article?

B, how does the article put forward the argument?

C. what is the relationship between the arguments in this article?

D. what is the relationship between the sub-argument and the central argument?

E. comments on the argument. (This is an open-ended question)

1), how many arguments are there in an article?

Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. These arguments can be parallel or progressive, but they all obey the central argument of the whole paper. Their relationship with the central argument is as follows: a, some articles summarize several sub-arguments, which is the central argument; B, some articles have several arguments that are central arguments.

2), the characteristics of the argument:

Argument should be a complete statement of the author's point of view, a clear judgment (including affirmation and negation), and a complete statement in form.

Formally: it is a complete declarative sentence.

Content: it is judgmental and can clearly express the author's views and attitudes on the issues discussed. (including affirmative and negative)

3), where to find the argument of the article?

The argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning of the article, or at the middle or end of the article. The titles of some articles reveal arguments (the titles of argumentative papers either show arguments or point out topics, which only reveal the scope of discussion, and arguments are the author's views and propositions). In other words, arguments can be arranged anywhere in the article. But it is more often at the beginning of the article, and so is the paragraph argument.

It is our customary practice to look for article arguments from a common position. But to judge whether a sentence is an argument of an article, we should also read through the whole paragraph to see whether other sentences in the paragraph are written around this sentence and whether they are logically related to this sentence.

4) Statement of argument:

Explicit expression: ready-made sentences expressing the author's views and attitudes can be found in the text. There are four common ways to put it forward: some articles are titled as central arguments; Some articles put forward the central argument at the beginning of the first sentence (sometimes it is the author's own words, sometimes it is a famous quote); Some articles put forward arguments after describing the phenomenon; Some put forward the wrong views of the other party and analyze the central arguments put forward after negation.

Summary: There are no ready-made sentences to express the author's views and attitudes, so it is necessary to summarize and extract the arguments of the article.

5) How to summarize and refine the arguments of the article:

Find out the topic and judge the author's tendency to this problem.

Observe arguments, and infer their supported views according to the logical relationship between arguments.

2. Argument: Argument is the material used by the author to prove the argument, the basis on which the argument is based and the main body of the article.

Frequently asked questions: A. What arguments does this article use to prove the argument?

B, what is the function of this argument (material) (what is the reason and purpose)? Whether the analysis and demonstration can play the role of proof and demonstration.

C. add parameters around the parameters. (This is an open-ended question)

1), which can be used as an independent variable? Including factual argument and rational argument.

Facts: typical cases, historical facts and statistical data;

Truth: generally, it is verified truth, famous sayings, epigrams and proverbs, as well as the principles, laws and formulas of natural science.

2) Relationship between arguments: Arguments are used to support or prove arguments. When the article only has a central argument, directly support the central argument. When the article has sub-arguments, it may directly support the central argument, but more often, it indirectly supports the central argument together with the sub-arguments.

First, the factual arguments should be exact and true, and the materials are false or arrogant, which cannot effectively prove the argument.

Second, the argument should be consistent with the argument.

Third, the case argument should be concise, and any plot process unrelated to the argument is redundant.

Fourth, we must combine the meaning and connotation of the case with the arguments for analysis and discussion.

3) Relationship between arguments: When several arguments demonstrate an argument, pay attention to its order: or time, or space, or primary and secondary, or data size.

3. Argumentative writing: Argumentative writing is the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments. It is the logical connection between arguments. Argumentation is to solve "what needs to be proved", argumentation is to solve "what to prove" and argumentation is to solve "how to prove".

Frequently asked questions: A. What argumentation method does the article adopt? Illustrate its function with examples.

B. What is the function of underlined sentences?

1), for example. List conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to clarify the truth of … and enhance the persuasiveness of the article.

2), demonstration. A, directly tell the basic truth of some supporting arguments, and reveal the true colors of things, which is convincing;

B, quote famous sayings, aphorisms, proverbs and axioms, clarify the truth ..., enhance the authority of the argument and make the article very convincing. Famous sayings and epigrams have great influence, proverbs and axioms are recognized by everyone, and the truth is self-evident.

3) Metaphorical argument. Prove the argument of ... use familiar things as metaphors to make it easy to understand, strengthen persuasion and make the article vivid.

4) Comparative demonstration. Contrasting the two diametrically opposite situations in the argument, they are in sharp contrast and set off each other, which can especially highlight the nature on the one hand and have strong argument power.

Third, the structure of argumentative essay:

Asking questions (introduction)-analyzing problems (theory)-solving problems (conclusion)

1, Introduction: Frequently Asked Questions: What is the function of the introduction?

1), directly declare your own views and opinions, and put forward the central argument.

2) Explain the background, the purpose and reason of writing. 3) Ask questions about things to inspire people to think.

4), starting from the phenomenon of daily life. 5), quoting classics, saying that the ancient way is today.

2. This theory: FAQ: What is the structure of this article? (How is it discussed)

1), parallel type. Several aspects of the central argument often have sub-arguments.

2), progressive. Gradually deepen and develop; From beginning to end, interlocking. (pay attention to the order)

3), contrast. Positive and negative contrast. 4), comprehensive.

3. Conclusion: Summary, call, encouragement and warning.

Fourth, the language of argument: 1) rigor; 2) Prompt "Dan", "OK" and "True"; 3) Emotional color of words; 4) Mood and sentence patterns (rhetorical question, rhetorical question, imperative sentence, willing statement sentence, parallelism sentence, double negation, etc. )