First of all, of course, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, represents blue and white, famille rose, glass and exquisite porcelain. Everyone knows that China's English name is China, which also means porcelain, but we don't know where the pronunciation of China comes from-the answer is the old name of Jingdezhen-Changnan. The word "Jingdezhen" embodies one of the peak periods of China porcelain development-Song Dynasty, and "Jingdezhen" is the title of Song Zhenzong. It should be noted that blue and white porcelain has become a household name for various reasons in recent years, but it is only a wonderful flower in the porcelain family. The whole China porcelain shows us a colorful picture, and all kinds of porcelain are in full bloom.
Followed by five famous kilns. Song Dynasty is a peak stage in the development history of China ceramics mentioned above, and it is also the period when these five famous kilns came into being. These five famous kilns are: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln and Ding kiln. The following can only give the kiln sites of these five famous kilns. If we want to expand them, it means that every kiln site has a story, so let's omit hundreds of thousands of words here. . .
Ruyao: Liang Qing Temple in Baofeng County, Henan Province.
Official kiln: This is quite special. Official kilns are the general term for "official kiln porcelain". Due to the space problem, I only mentioned the official kiln in Song Dynasty (Jingdezhen porcelain is also the official kiln in Ming and Qing Dynasties). Official kilns in Song Dynasty were also divided into north and south. Because nothing has been unearthed in the northern song dynasty, it is doubtful. Here, it is said that the kiln site is in Kaifeng, Henan Province, which is the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, so it is also called Bianjing. There are two official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty-Xiunei Temple Kiln and Jiaotan Xia Yao, both located in Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty today. Specifically, it is near Phoenix Mountain and Tortoise Mountain in Hangzhou.
Ge Kiln: Ge Kiln is opposite to "Ge Kiln". Ge Kiln was opened by two brothers Longquan, so their porcelain can be classified as Longquan Kiln. The location of Ge Kiln is still in doubt, but it must be in Longquan City.
Jun Kiln: The kiln site is located in Bagua Cave, Yuzhou City, Henan Province.
Dingyao: The kiln site is located in Jianzi Village and Dongxiyan Village, Quyang County, Hebei Province.
In addition to the above six kinds, in the history of more than 5,000 years in China, porcelain has occupied nearly 4,000 years (the porcelain here is not standard porcelain, and standard characters appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty). There have been too many famous kilns in China, and official kilns and folk kilns have won glory one after another. Similarly, due to the space problem, I will take the dynasty as the boundary and pick up a few millet in the sea to talk about it a little.
Don:
Xing Kiln-Xing Kiln can be said to be the birthplace of white porcelain in China. The kiln site is located in Neiqiu County, Xingtai City, and Qi Village, Lincheng County.
Qiong Yao-Although it was first opened in the Sui Dynasty, it was developed in the Tang Dynasty, and then it was also fired in the Song Dynasty, mainly including blue glaze, brown glaze and green glaze. The kiln is located in Daifangtang, Qionglai County, Sichuan Province.
Five Dynasties and Ten Countries:
Chai Kiln, the official kiln designated by Chai Rong of Zhou Shizu, is as blue as the sky, as bright as a mirror, as thin as paper and as loud as a chime. The kiln site is said to be in Zhengzhou, so far there is no standard excavation (or it was unearthed somewhere but I don't know). How the firewood kiln was fired has long been lost in the torrent of history. After countless generations of attempts and failures, it is still fascinating.
Song and Yuan Dynasties:
Building kilns-also known as Jian 'an Kiln and Wuni Kiln. The kiln site is located in Shuiji Town, Jianyang County, Fujian Province. The representative porcelain is black glazed porcelain. It is worth mentioning that the Japanese national treasure Obsidian Tianmu lamp is a kiln. After reading this lamp, the author lamented the peak of porcelain firing, but at the same time, he could not help but feel a little lost because such treasures were lost overseas. . . tnnd .。
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties reached a peak in the development of porcelain, but at this time, fine porcelain mostly appeared in official kilns. As mentioned above, the official kilns in Ming and Qing Dynasties were all in Jingdezhen, so I won't go into details here.
As for the firing method of porcelain, this is also a question asked by the university. Each kind of porcelain is fired in a different way. According to different firing methods, porcelain can be divided into many types, such as: according to different firing temperatures, it can be divided into low-temperature glaze and high-temperature glaze; According to the position of glaze color, it can be divided into underglaze color, underglaze color and underglaze color. There are many kinds of firing methods, and each generation has its own unique methods, so it is impossible to generalize.
I hope LZ will adopt all the above manually. It should be noted that the above is only the simplest fragment description made by the author, and it cannot summarize the whole porcelain family. If LZ is really interested in porcelain, I recommend that you start with the video of Lecture Room Ma Weidou and then learn the history of porcelain development step by step. Finally, I hope LZ can enjoy the fun in this process!