Writing a letter to grandpa constitutes the basic clue of the short story Wanka. In the letter to Grandpa, Wanka wrote: "Dear Grandpa, … I am writing to you. ..... I have no parents, only you are my relative. " Chekhov pointed out the lonely situation of the little hero with Wanka's mouth. "Three months ago, Wanka zhukov, a nine-year-old boy, was sent to the shoemaker Ariaxing as an apprentice." The novel begins with a declarative sentence. This seemingly insignificant sentence not only tells the time, place and characters, but also has an inseparable relationship with the whole novel-Wanka was only an apprentice for three months, but what kind of disaster did this short three months bring him? Look at Wanka's begging again. "Dear grandpa, please have mercy on God and take me out of here and go home. ..... I can't stand it any longer, or I will die. ..... "Only three months later, an innocent and lively child made such a cry, which shows the depth of his oppression. This is full of childish begging, and the pleasure brought to readers is far greater than the criticism and ridicule of the dark child labor system. When Chekhov described Wanka's inhuman treatment, he carefully asked Wanka to explain it in his letter without adding any comments or sighs. "I was beaten yesterday, and the boss grabbed my hair and dragged me into the yard to hit me with a belt." There is only one reason for being beaten. Wanka accidentally fell asleep while shaking the boss's little doll, and a small negligence actually led to a beating; The boss's child sleeps in the cradle, but Wanka, who is sleepy and tired, can't even close his eyes. The ending of Wanka seems to be the inevitable result of the novel's development to the end. In fact, it has more immortal charm and two intriguing points. First, the address of the letter is "sent to my grandfather in the country", and readers can't help but feel sad. How can this child who can't even write a letter get rid of his tragic fate? Because the letter that placed all his hopes on him will never reach grandpa. Second: Wanka had a dream after sending the letter. In the dream, she saw "a stove, on which sat her grandfather, barefoot, reading letters to the chefs." The loach walked around the stove, wagging its tail ... "This dream is a hint of pain and sadness. Wanka's dream can only be a child's rosy dream, and the bloody reality is still waiting for him in the old place. This not only shocked the readers, but also added a tragic color to Wanka's bleak life.

Wanka's external actions are mostly sadness or fear, and only after writing a letter can she be cheerful. Before writing a letter, Wanka "looked back at the door and window several times with trepidation and glanced sideways at the black statue." He can't get rid of the shadow that this idol brings to his mind, and the shoe last is even more terrible. It not only symbolizes a mountain of work, but also often brings him beatings. "A few days ago, the boss hit me on the head with a shoe last, and I fainted. I finally came back to life. " Because of this, Wanka was naturally nervous when she saw these two fierce things, and looked back from time to time in case the boss and others found out. In the gap between the letters, Wanka's little heart is full of melancholy and sadness. "The glass window reflects the shadow of him and the candle." This description vividly presents a sad picture of a lonely child writing a letter with a lonely lamp in the dark. After Wanka sent a cry for help to grandpa, she fell into extreme sadness. He finally couldn't help it. "He curled his mouth, raised his black fist, rubbed his eyes and sobbed." Wanka's sadness was completely different from the joy after writing the letter. "He thought that no one bothered him when he wrote this letter. He felt very happy, so he put on his hat and ran into the street, wearing only a shirt instead of a sheepskin coat. " After writing the letter, he went to post it without clothes, which shows how eager he is to be saved. His happy mood is based on this letter for help, as if his bitter days would come to an end as soon as the letter was written. This naive idea is in line with children's psychology, but it makes readers more sad.

The novel mainly describes Wanka's letter writing, and the inner meaning of letters is the embodiment of Wanka's inner psychology. In the letter, he described his predicament. "I was beaten up yesterday." "What about the food? Nothing. " "They let me sleep in the aisle. As soon as their baby cries, I don't want to sleep and shake the cradle. " In order to get rid of this unfortunate fate, Wanka turned to grandpa for help. He really thought that as long as grandpa took him back to the countryside, life would be as good as before. In order to realize this wish, he made various promises to his grandfather, "I will crush tobacco for you, I will pray to God for you, and when I grow up, I will repay this kindness and feed you ..." In order to go back to the countryside, even being beaten is good. "If I do something wrong, hit me like that gray goat ..." Every word describes the poor orphan's psychology of getting rid of abuse and returning to the countryside. After all, children are naive. After telling her painful experience, Wanka wrote about Moscow where she lived, a hook that could afford to catch giant catfish, and a shop that sold all kinds of guns. Instead, the distress letter wrote hooks, guns and walnuts, which more truly reflected the childish and lively nature of children.