Zeng Guofan, formerly known as Zicheng, was born in China as the seventieth grandson of Saint Ceng Zi, a statesman, strategist, philosopher, writer, founder and commander-in-chief of Xiang Army. Born in a landlord family, he was diligent and studious since childhood and entered school at the age of 6. At the age of 8, he can read four books and recite five classics. At the age of 14, he can read Zhou Li and Historical Records.
In the eighteenth year of Daoguang, Jinshi entered imperial academy and studied under the military minister Zhang Mu. Reluctantly moved to a bachelor's degree in cabinet, assistant minister of does, assistant minister of military, industrial, criminal and official departments. We are close friends with university students such as Woren, Huining Road and Guizhen, and strive for "practical learning".
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Zeng Guofan formed the Xiang Army. After years of fighting, he turned the tide and wiped out the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Throughout his life, he pursued patience as the first priority, and advocated that everything should be frugal and not proud of being an official. He cultivated self-discipline, sought officials by virtue, put courtesy first, and sought politics by loyalty, and achieved great success in officialdom.
The rise of Zeng Guofan had a far-reaching impact on the politics, military affairs, culture and economy of the Qing Dynasty. At Zeng Guofan's initiative, he built the first ship in China, founded the first ordnance school, printed and translated the first batch of western language books, and arranged the first batch of students studying in the United States. It can be said that Zeng Guofan was the pioneer of China's modernization.
Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi were called "Zeng Hu", while Li Hongzhang, Zuo and Zhang Zhidong were called "four famous ministers of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty". Official to the governor of Liangjiang, the governor of Zhili, the university student of Wuyingdian, the first-class Yi, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", later called "Ceng Wenzheng".
2. Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang was a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty and one of the main members of the Westernization Movement. He was born in Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, and is known as the world of "Li". Because of his second job, he is also called "Mr. Li Er" among the people. The real name, the word gradually became Fu or Zi Nuo, named Shao Quanlin. In his later years, he claimed to be an instrument, so posthumous title was carefree.
Li Hongzhang, as the founder and commander-in-chief of Huai Army and Beiyang Navy, the leader of Westernization Movement and an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, established the first Western-style Navy Beiyang Navy in China, and was famous for his loyalty and talents. The third division of Guandong Palace, a scholar of Wenhua Hall, a minister of Beiyang trade, a governor of Zhili, and a first-class Su Yibo took the title, posthumously awarded a teacher, and posthumously sealed the marquis of Jin.
The founder and leader of Huai Army, a modern local armed force in China. Economically, he has personal contacts with the Rothschild family, a British chaebol. Li Hongzhang was awarded the Royal Victoria Medal by Queen Victoria of England.
On behalf of the Qing government, he signed the Vietnam Treaty, the treaty of shimonoseki and the Concise Treaty between China and France. Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito regards him as "the only person in the Qing Empire who has the ability to compete with the world powers", and Empress Dowager Cixi regards him as "the person who recreates Huang Zhi". Together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong and Zuo, they are called "four famous ministers of ZTE", and together with Bismarck and Grant, they are called "three great men in the world in the 19th century".
3. Left Tang Zong
Left, Han nationality, with high word season and simple words, is called Xiangnong. Hunan Xiangyin people. In the late Qing dynasty, he was an important minister, strategist and politician, a famous soldier of Xiang army and one of the representatives of Westernization School. He studied at Chengnan College in Changsha, and passed the exam at the age of 20, but he tried every time in the final exam. He pays attention to farming, reads a lot of books and studies geography and art of war.
In his life, he experienced major historical events such as the Xiang Army's movement to pacify the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Westernization Movement, the Shaanxi-Gansu Uprising, the recovery of Xinjiang, and the establishment of Xinjiang Province. Official to the East Pavilion University, Minister of Military Aircraft, sealed second-class but Hou Jing.
During the Sino-French War, he invited himself to Fujian to supervise the division. In the eleventh year of Guangxu, he died in Fuzhou at the age of 73. As a posthumous gift to Tai Fu, posthumous title's "Wen Xiang" was included in Zhao Zhong and Xianliang Memorial Hall.
4. Zhang Zhidong
Zhang Zhidong, known as Governor Xiao Da, Governor Xiao Da and Governor Xiao Da, was also known as "Shuai", so everyone called him "Zhang Xiangshuai". A famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, a representative of the Westernization School in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Xingyi Prefecture, Guizhou Province, and his ancestral home was Nanpi, Zhili.
Xianfeng was 2 years old 16 years old, and Tongzhi was 27 years old. He was the third scholar to explore flowers. He was awarded editing by imperial academy, and served as a teacher, assistant minister, lecturer, bachelor of cabinet, governor of Shanxi, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, governor of Huguang, governor of Liangjiang and minister of military aircraft. In his early years, he was the leader of the Qing school and later became the main representative of the Westernization School.
In education, he founded Qiangzi School (now the predecessor of Wuhan University), Sanjiang Normal School (now the predecessor of Nanjing University), Hubei Agricultural School, Hubei Wuchang Mengyang College, Hubei Technology School, Ci 'en School (Nanpi No.1 Middle School) and Guangya Academy. Politically, it advocates that "middle school is the body and western learning is the use". In industry, Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Mine and Hubei Gun Works have been established.
Eight-Nation Alliance invaded and Dagubao fell. Zhang Zhidong, together with Liu Kunyi, Governor of Liangjiang River, negotiated with the consul in Shanghai about "mutual insurance in the southeast" and suppressed the self-defense uprising of reformists such as Tang, Gui Lin and Qin Lishan. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, 165438+ October, Zhang Zhidong was appointed as an important official of the Taizi Taibao in Jin Dynasty, and died the following year. There are complete works of Zhang Wenxiang. Zhang Zhidong, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo are called "four famous ministers of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty".