Zaju has achieved the greatest success, with 67 kinds known and 18 kinds existing, of which Yuan is the most famous. Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as Single Knife Meeting, Single Whip for Focus, Dream of West Shu and so on. Today, there are more than 40 poems and 10 sets of Sanqu. Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, boiled, fried or fried" ("A flower is not old") is also widely known as "Qu Sheng".
Guan Hanqing's Sanqu is rich in content, fresh and vigorous in style and of high artistic value. There are the most works about the relationship between men and women, and the descriptions of women's psychology are meticulous, and they are really touching. The style is unrestrained, and the lyrics are spicy and funny; The language is colloquial, vivid and natural, which can show the true colors of songs; I like to use line drawing, and I am good at describing scenery. The metaphor used is vivid.
2. Ma Zhiyuan (about 125 1 year-about 132 1 year to 1324), whose name is a thousand miles, was named Dongli in the evening, and most of them (now Beijing) were from Macitang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province.
When he was young, he wrote poems and dedicated them to Long Ta. He longed for progress and fame, but he failed to achieve it. Ma Zhiyuan was similar to Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu, but later, when he was young, his career was bumpy, and he was dissatisfied with current politics in his later years, living in seclusion in the countryside and taking pleasure in beating himself with cups. He died after the first year of Taiding (132 1) and was buried in his ancestral home. ?
There are 15 kinds of zaju written by Ma Zhiyuan, among which Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is his masterpiece, with more than 20 pieces of Sanqu, and a series of Dongli Yuefu.
His Sanqu can be roughly divided into four categories: writing scenery, sighing the world, boudoir feelings and world images. There are more than 65,438+030 Sanqu, whose lamentations convey feelings. Therefore, he is regarded as the leader of the "uninhibited school" among the Sanqu writers in the Yuan Dynasty. Although he also has elegant works, he is mainly careless and bold, and his language blends poetry and spoken language, creating a unique artistic conception of songs.
3. Bai Pu (1226—— about 1306), whose original name was Heng, whose name was Renfu, was later renamed Park, whose name was Yuan. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is qi zhou (now Hequ, Shanxi Province) and Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), lived in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in his later years and never became an official. He was a famous zaju writer in Yuan Dynasty, and he was also called "four masters of Yuan Opera" with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu. His representative works mainly include Autumn Night Rain and Embroidery on the Wall by Tang, and Moonlight Night on the East Wall and Sunny Sand Autumn by Dong Xiuying.
Bai Pu played a more important role in the creation of Yuan Zaju. He, Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu have always been regarded as the four masters of Yuan Zaju.
4. Wang Shifu (1260-1336) was born in Dingxing (now Dingxing County), Baoding City, Hebei Province, mostly in Beijing. A famous dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty, the author of the drama The West Chamber, whose life story is unknown. Master Wang is as famous as Guan Hanqing. His works fully inherited the exquisite language art of Tang poetry and Song poetry, absorbed the lively oral language of the people in the Yuan Dynasty, created a brilliant vocabulary of Yuan opera, and became an outstanding representative of the "literary school" in the history of China opera.
There are fourteen kinds of zaju, including Romance of the West Chamber, beginning of spring Hall and Broken Kiln. The Story of Broken Kiln tells the joys and sorrows of Liu Yuee and Lv Mengzheng. Some people suspect that it was not written by Master Wang. In addition, there are two kinds of tea boats and Furong Pavilion, each with a 10% discount.
As a script, The Story of the West Chamber shows the integrity of stage art and reaches the highest level of drama creation in Yuan Dynasty. After it came out, it became a household name, and some people even compared it with Spring and Autumn Annals.
5. Zheng Guangzu (A.D. 1264 ~? ), the word Dehui, Han nationality, a famous zaju Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province).
Zheng Guangzu was influenced by the art of drama since he was a child, and enjoyed a high reputation when he was young. But he worked as a small official in Hangzhou, mainly in the south, and became a giant in the southern opera circle. At that time, his zaju was "famous in the world, and there was sound in the boudoir." Deqing, zhou yuan praised Zheng Guangzu's literary work "The Rhyme of the Central Plains" and juxtaposed him with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu. Later generations collectively called him "the four masters of Yuan Opera".
There are 18 kinds of zaju that can be tested, including Duke Regent of Zhou, RoyceWong ascending the building, Hanlin romantic, lost female soul, unbreakable serial, Yi Yin helping soup, Laojuntang, and Lu Bu in World War III. Among them, Ghost Story is the most famous, while the last three are questioned as not Zheng Guangzu's works. In addition to zaju, Zheng Guangzu also wrote Sanqu, including six poems and two sets of manuscripts.
Besides zaju, Zheng Guangzu also wrote some words, including six poems and two songs. The contents of these Sanqu include the praise of Tao Yuanming, the expression of feelings, the yearning for hometown and the description of the lotus pond mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. No matter the scenery is lyrical, it is fresh, smooth and charming, which is of great value in literary and artistic research.
Like many great artists, although their works have been circulated for centuries, their own life experiences are little known. The same is true of Zheng Guangzu, who worked silently in the art garden, dedicated his artistic achievements to the people and passed away silently.