Guan Yu is not a great man in history. The word Yunchang, named Yu, was born in Hedong (now Xiezhou, Shaanxi Province) in the Three Kingdoms, a general in the Three Kingdoms, and an official in Hanshou. In his early years, he became sworn with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan. Liu Bei built Shu, worshipped Jingzhou as a former general, besieged Fancheng, flooded seven armies and repeatedly defeated Cao Bing. Later, due to his stubbornness, he lost Jingzhou and was attacked and killed by Wu Jun. After his death, Shu Han was posthumously named "Strong Miao Hou". Since then, no one has known it for hundreds of years from Wei to Tang, and only enjoys shrine worship in Jingzhou. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, Guan Yu's prestige has been gradually shaken and he has become the "King of Wu 'an". However, in the hearts of the people, he has not completely lost his unforgettable spirit. In the Yuan and Song Dynasties, it was named "the King of Enlightened Spirit, Courage, Courage and Security". The Ming Dynasty was named as "the God of Three Realms, the Great Devil, the God of Weiyuan Town, the God of Heaven and the Holy Emperor". In the Qing Dynasty, he won the 26-word honorific title of "loyalty, deity, protecting the people and the country, sincerely appeasing and praising Xuande Guan Sheng the Great". Both the Ming and Qing Dynasties visited the Wu Temple, which was as famous as Confucius. Buddhism and Taoism have also been competing to be brought into the religion, regarded as "the protector of Galand" and "the god in the sky". Luo Guanzhong, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, exaggerates and becomes the most revered god among the people in China. In China's traditional operas, he has become a sacred and inviolable figure. In the pear garden, he was called (the master) instead of his name, which shows the deep reverence. It's called (Emperor Xie Tian).
The images of Beijing opera characters are mostly shaped according to their personality and physiological characteristics. Guan Yu is not only a deified figure in people's minds, but also the head of the Five Tiger Generals, and he has a spirit of (heavy bones and cold spirits) on the stage. The description of him in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is: (he is eight feet tall, his face is as heavy as a jujube, his eyes are bold, he sleeps with silkworms eyebrows and has a long beard ...). Since there is such a specific description in the novel, it is impossible to form his face out of thin air. Guan Yu's facial makeup has been constantly learning from the strengths of various local operas since Huiban entered Beijing, and constantly improving itself through continuous reform and enrichment. In the process of the formation of Beijing Opera, on the basis of inheriting Han Hui's, Ge Kun's and Bangbang's facial makeup, the facial makeup gradually moved from the simple style in the early days to the increasingly complex and meticulous maturity. In the early Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's face was probably painted according to the old rules of Han Hui's class because there were not many plays performed by the troupe.
Guan Yu's facial makeup in Beijing Opera is a collection of facial makeup of many local operas. There are similarities and differences, or differences and similarities, and there are inherent laws to be found. After 1930s, in the process of improvement, some local operas tend to be close to the form of Beijing opera. It is said that Guan Gong "has both conventional fixed spectrum and random multi-spectrum". Because he is a unique shape (lying silkworm eyebrow), there is no other imitation, and it is more practical to call it (no eyebrow). At present, most of the colors are scarlet, scarlet and clear oil. The black line on the forehead is not exactly the same: some are hooked three times, the middle is longer, and it hangs from the side in an arc at the bridge of the nose, and some hook one or two bat figures at the center of the eyebrows. Another point is to hook a semicircular black sideburns from the sideburns to the front of the lower ear. It means that his sideburns are connected with a beautiful beard, and it also means that his face is long.
The facial makeup of Peking Opera changes with age, and Guan Gong's music style is no exception. There are different ways to hook Facebook, including prime of life, old age, before and after death (becoming a god). The most obvious is the color of the nasal fossa. In the prime of life, all the plays from "Three Knots in Taoyuan" to "General Feng Wu Hu" are black nose nests. In the old days, from "Flooded Seven Armies" to "Walking to Maicheng" were all gray-nosed nests, but after death, they became gods and had to be changed into black-nosed nests. This is directly related to the color of the mouth. After becoming a god, the three black lines on his forehead turned golden. Because gold shows its unique characteristics, it forms the thick eyebrows of the lying silkworm and deepens the black line on the face. The first reformer was Mi Xizi (1849— 1925), who was famous for his performance in breaking walls and reading. He played Guan Yu and drew a reclining silkworm eyebrow, Dot mole, and hooked his face. Drink a big bowl of yellow wine before playing, hold your breath, and your face will naturally turn red because of alcohol. When I walked to the entrance of the platform, my sleeves fell off and the audience was in an uproar. The audience saw a different image of Guan Yu: "His face is as heavy as a jujube and his eyes are long." Cheng Changgeng, Wang Fengqing and others. They are all actors who are good at playing "master" after learning Chinese characters, and they all wipe their faces with rouge. "Draw two more eyebrows, point a seven-star mole, and hook two or three lines on your forehead." This is the way to rub the red spectrum of Guan Gong's drama in the North School later.
It was Wang Hongshou who boldly reformed Guan Gong's opera (1849- 1925). The stage name is San Mazi, who is from Huaining City (now Anqing City), Anhui Province. Hongsheng actors in Beijing Opera are called "Hongsheng Masters" and are also representatives of early southern Beijing Opera. He disguised himself as Guan Yu, changed his rouge face into a hooked silver face, and his black eyebrows were very thin, which made him look dignified and heavy. Draw two lines between eyes and eyebrows, and follow the eyebrows, which is very verve. Although there is no baking line at the moment, the battle under the corner of my eye is heroic. Don't make other lines on your face. It's grand and kind. Enriched the color of Facebook, successfully expressed Guan Gong's character, but weakened the deified idol. His artistic achievements had a great influence on later generations, and he became the "originator of Hong Sheng". His descendants include Zhou Wentian, Zhao Ruquan, Xia Yuerun, Lin Shusen, Li Jilai, Li Hongchun and others. This score comes from the paper book painted by Wang Hongshou published in the fifth issue of Spring Willow.
Liu Kuiguan (1894— 1965) is a famous actor with a clean cast. Ming Chunlin was born in Kaifeng, Hebei. Influenced by his father since childhood, he likes singing opera. At the age of five, he recognized Wei Liu's adoptive father and studied opera with him. At the age of nine, I worshipped Zhang Zhongfu to learn Hualien Opera. Later, he studied under Fan Baoting and the sage, and under Wang Hongshou. After liberation, Liu Kuiguan served as president of Yunnan Peking Opera Theatre and vice chairman of Yunnan Branch of Chinese Dramatists Association. He has made great achievements in the performing arts. His kung fu is steady, his waist and legs are solid, and his characters are lifelike. His facial makeup inherited the neat and rigorous brushwork of Fan Baoting's facial makeup, but paid more attention to the embodiment of role gender and meticulous brushwork. 1963, he personally directed Liao to publish "Liu Kuiguan Peking Opera Faces Collection", which included 188 musical forms, including 4 Guan Yu (2 in prime of life and 2 in old age). This musical form is a still picture of walking in Maicheng in a reference book: a silkworm eyebrow and a monocular, with a stroke from the forehead, from the eyebrow center to the left to the eye center, and then here. Point a mole at the center of the left eyebrow, and then tick a red line under the middle line of the pen beam.
Lin Shusen (1897— 1947) is an old actor. Xinghua, Fujian (now Putian) was born in Shanghai. Keep the word width. I studied drama with my uncle Wang Xue since I was a child. At the age of seven, I took the stage name "Shinohara". At the age of eleven, he went to Beijing, took art to a training class in Liancheng, Xi, and switched to Xu Sheng. At the age of thirteen, he entered Chengping's training class, studied under the old musicians Chen Chunyuan and Chen Jialin, and gradually became a pillar. 19 12 after returning to Shanghai, he studied Hong Sheng Opera under Wang Hongmou, which was deeply loved by Shanghai audiences and was known as "the first person in Hong Sheng". He is fascinated by Guan Gong's facial makeup, and his eyebrows are generous. Starting from his forehead, he hooked an arc between the first and middle temples. One of his foreheads bent to the right from his forehead to his eyebrows, and his eyebrows bent back and left, and then crossed his nose to collect the pen. This soundtrack comes from stills of historical photos of Peking Opera.
Li Hongchun (1898— 1990) is a famous red voice actor. Formerly known as Li Chuncai, he was originally from Nanjing, Jiangsu, and later moved to Wuding Prefecture, Shandong. At the age of seven, he entered the Changchun class and worshipped under the name of Lu Huayun, a young student. 19 19 years, he met Wang Hongshou, the apprentice of the queen, in Hubei. Wang gave everything to each other. He played Guan Yu's drama, which broke the superstitious thought that Guan Yu was a saint or a god, and broke through the tradition that Guan Yu was a "Guan Fu Zi" and wanted elegance: he paid attention to expressing Guan Yu from the power of "Wei Zhenhua Xia", replaying "Man", and emphasized the formal beauty of kung fu, with vivid and elegant posture. In the 1940s, it was called "Red Lord" by peers. His Guan Yu mask has delicate eyebrows. A stroke on his forehead starts from the top of his left eyebrow until it bends, then bends back and forth to the bridge of his nose and closes the pen to the right. He pointed a mole under the right corner of his eye and next to the left alar to the decree pattern, and hooked a baking pattern under his right eye. This soundtrack comes from Chinese Peking Opera stills.
Tang (1903— 1970) is a famous veteran actor. May Shi Binkui, Manchu, be born in Shenyang. Since childhood, he studied under Tang Jingyun, who accepted him as his adopted son and changed his name to Tang. In 1930s and 1940s, he, Ma and Zhou were called "Three Elders", namely "Nanqi" (Zhou for Kirin's youth), "Ma" and "Guandong Tang" (Tang). His "Hongsheng" drama is different and is one of the three schools of "Hongsheng". Guan Yu, played by him, highlights his solemnity in character modeling and pays attention to the stability, accuracy and beauty of the framework of his works in performance. The design of singing should pay attention to the brave character and feelings of the characters. The main difference between Guan Gong's facial makeup and his hook is that he drew a stroke on his forehead. His pen starts from the middle of the lunate door at the top of the brain, swings from top to bottom, and then crosses the pen beam to the right and bypasses the nose. This soundtrack comes from the stills of The Art of Chinese Peking Opera.
Li Wanchun (1911-1985) is a martial artist. Mingju, a native of Xiongxian County, Hebei Province. His family has a long history. I studied drama with my father and old artists since childhood. At the age of seven, he took the stage in Shanghai. At the age of twelve, he performed in Guangde Building, Qianmen. After three days of "sex", it sensationalized Beijing and was hailed as "the genius of children". 1932 founded Yongchun society, mingchun society in the early 1940s, and Beijing Xinhua Peking Opera Troupe with Xu Dongming after 1949. 1959 transferred to Inner Mongolia Peking Opera Troupe. 1979 and then transferred to Beijing Peking Opera Theatre. He performed Guan Yu Opera, Song Wu Opera and Monkey King Opera. It absorbed the martial arts characteristics of Yu (Jusheng), Huang (Yueshan), Yang (Chunlai) and other schools, and formed its own unique artistic style. The face of Guan Yu he painted is very similar to that of Li Hongchun. On the forehead pen, he hooked two opposite lines between the eyebrows and the bridge of the nose, and hooked it into an inverted gourd shape from the sideburns to the lower ears. He pointed the mole on the right alar to the arm with the legal pattern. This soundtrack comes from Chinese Peking Opera stills.