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Why did Zhang break the civil service record in Qing Dynasty?
In a homely way

In his political will, Yongzheng gave the highest arrangement to the political honor of Han minister Zhang. A minister of the Han nationality in the Qing Dynasty never received such honor and political treatment: "Zhang Da is a scholar with a good reputation and sincere service ... he has made great contributions. ..... but for an unborn priest. These two men, I can guarantee that they will never change. In the future, the two ministers will try to enjoy the ancestral temple as much as possible to show their gratitude. In addition, E Ertai, the minister, entered the Yongzheng Testament.

Yongzheng imperial edict

The political significance of this will is extraordinary, which shows Yongzheng's deep attachment to Zhang and his outstanding contribution. Let the Han civil servants be listed in the ancestral hall. It can be seen that in Yongzheng's mind, Zhang, the minister, is qualified to accept the worship of Aisingiorro's descendants, and this political will has the weight of the Qing Dynasty.

Born in the family of Zhang Ying, a university student in Kangxi Dynasty, he received first-class education since he was a child. The subtle academic atmosphere gradually grew into his bones. Not only that, in this Zhang family in Tongcheng, Anhui Province, three generations, Zhang, and the grandparents and grandchildren, all worked for the imperial court, and they were favored by Kang, Yong and Gan san huang, which can be described as "the top hat for the whole family". In particular, Zhang said: "It takes 50 years to climb the DPRK, 27 years for long poems and 24 years for great writers. Every military activity is official business. " .

Portrait

His father attached great importance to Kangxi because of his "cautious and diligent" work style, and senior secretarial work lacked prudence, confidentiality, adherence to principles and diligence. Previously, in the absence of the President of the Imperial Academy, Kangxi personally proposed that Zhang Ying should be appointed, arguing that "Zhang Ying is an important person and does not interfere in diplomacy. It is very appropriate to make up for this vacancy. " Zhang Yingsui was appointed as a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites. Soon after, he personally gave instructions to the official department, further clarifying the training direction for others: "Bachelor of Cabinet and Xu are knowledgeable, so they should stay in North Korea to handle articles, and don't list them as candidates for governor in the future."

After two years as a university student and a minister of rites in Wenhua Temple, Zhang Ying proposed to retire because of poor health and lack of energy, and was approved. His 29-year-old son Zhang was awarded an academician of Jishi Shu. Before long, Zhang was transferred to the south study room and began his career as a senior secretary. Nostalgic Emperor Kangxi called him to Changchun Garden and asked his father Zhang Yingzhi about the recent situation at home. 33-year-old Zhang saw that he was honest, stable and generous, and he was very impressed with him. He ordered him to write poetry and wanted to test his poetic talent and adaptability. Zhang wrote two seven-character poems, which were praised by Emperor Kangxi.

Kangxi portrait

After that, Zhang became Kangxi's personal secretary until he was forty-five. He served Kangxi directly for twelve years, and served as an assistant minister to the second grade. "Chen people have gone out, and there is no empty day. From the Great Wall, every 1 1, it is a hot river in summer and a frontier hunting in autumn. " Kangxi's chariots traveled all over the Mongolian tribes. "The poor side is definitely a desert, and the rest (Yu Ting) are obedient." Because of his outstanding performance, at the age of forty-five, he was clearly appointed as assistant minister of rites by Zhang. Kangxi, who had a high demand for writing skills, spoke highly of his writing skills. During this period, through accumulation, he constantly broadened Zhang's political and ideological horizons and broadened his thinking mode.

Interest attraction, convergence

If smooth sailing is used to describe Zhang's secretarial work during the Kangxi period, then Yongzheng's succession ushered in a politically colorful spring.

At the beginning of Yongzheng, I paid close attention to the ministers around me and thought it was used by my team. When he saw Zhang's excellent impression of stability and logic, he was quickly promoted to the position of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites only four months after Kangxi's death, and was appointed as a bachelor of imperial academy in the following year to supervise imperial academy. In the fourth year of Yongzheng, he was promoted to be the minister of the household department of Wenyuange University, and two years later he was appointed as the minister of the official department. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, the military department was established and Zhang was appointed Minister of Military Aircraft. At this point, Zhang Da reached the highest position that ministers in the Han Dynasty could promote.

Zhang movie and television image

Yongzheng was very cautious about major personnel arrangements. He even said: "Governing the world is people-oriented, and the rest are branches and leaves." It clearly expressed Yongzheng's thought of being good at employing people and daring to employ them. Yongzheng's temperament is meticulous, and his emotional intelligence is extremely high, especially the theoretical thinking of employing people is relatively mature. "Being a politician is to make people important, not to be a person. Although the food is beautiful, it sounds beautiful and useless to the people. " There is no denying that Yongzheng has made great achievements in selecting and employing people. He once said to his deputies, "It is my responsibility to hire several governors like you." Taking employing people as the first political event shows that Yongzheng attaches great importance to selecting and employing people. Carefully selecting Zhang as the main assistant to help him plan military affairs also stems from Yongzheng's unique attention to secretarial work.

Zhang recorded in the Chronicle Written by Master Cheng Huai that Yongzheng had high hopes for him. First, he is good at learning, "calm and clear-cut" and brilliant. Second, he is Zhang Ying's son and teaches himself. For Yin Zhen, this is a rare person who can be trusted in the future. After the alternation of the old and new thrones, Zhang was ordered to hold a bachelor's degree and cooperated with Acton, a bachelor of imperial academy, to handle important ceremonies in calligraphy for many times. At this time, government affairs are complicated, and dozens of orders are issued every day, all of which are borne by Zhang alone. If there is something urgent, Yin Zhen ordered him to enter ouchi, dictate the general idea, or write at the command, or give several lectures through the curtain. The draft presents a royal view, which is "meticulous and sensitive, meticulous and thoughtful, and feels sacred" and "full of garden literature". In December of the same year, it was awarded to the minister of rites, and pointed out: "I think that the four shifts can't be done unless you are competent." Zhang has been one of the most important secret officials since then.

Portrait of Yongzheng

Yongzheng is one of the emperors who are notoriously difficult to serve. He lacks a good impression on intellectuals, and often uses critical and defensive thinking to evaluate and consider every sentence for fear of being laughed at. In addition, he is smart, sensitive and careful, paying special attention to the written reports of the ministers. Most of the time, he looks at the most comprehensive meaning that each Chinese character can contain with suspicion, so as not to fall into the writing trap of the column door. Like Zhu Yuanzhang, he has a natural sense of alienation from literati and thinks that they are "treacherous". Because of this, he is very careful, always wary of being laughed at. He once confessed to the minister: "I have been deeply afraid of your spring and autumn, and every word must be heard."

However, any minister who plays word games with him will be exposed by him and can quickly point out the key points. He is disgusted with the flattery of his lieutenants, and at the same time, if some people are too servile in front of him, it will make him feel disgusted. Li Lan, the envoy of Jiangxi Province, wrote Emperor Hongfu after irrelevant things. Zhu Pi of Yongzheng said, "I am deeply tired of this empty writing." Zhao, the minister in charge of Fujian, always emphasizes that he is a "fool who gets more than one job". Yongzheng just saw his hypocrisy: "You write too many stupid things. How can I put a stupid man in the position of a vassal? " The most important reason why Yongzheng continued to reuse Zhang is that Zhang's secretarial work has achieved fruitful results. Zhang catered to the political secretarial work of Yongzheng, and Zhang's style also met the requirements and standards of Yongzheng's use of confidential officials.

Zhang calligraphy

Yongzheng's requirements for secretarial work are very high, and a lot of writing work must be shared by a suitable person. It is no accident that Zhang can always get a pet as soon as possible. As we all know, Yongzheng has always lacked a good impression on officials from the imperial examination, and once had serious differences with civil service representatives Yang and Li Bi from the imperial examination. He even thought that officials from Ke's family had formed cronies. Therefore, he decided to say: "The fallacy of contacting teachers and students, seeking personal gain and undermining public interests in those days is even more harmful to people all over the world." "If the people who ask questions form a party for personal gain and fight with each other, they will disrupt political affairs and run amok." Yongzheng stubbornly believed that intellectuals from the imperial examinations were the most difficult to control, because they were good at hiding parcels and protecting each other, which was not easy to be detected. If they are not careful, they will confuse the audience and do more harm to the state and government decrees. Yongzheng believed that the problem of bureaucratization of intellectuals was not a simple individual problem, but a serious problem caused by the continuous accumulation and gradual expansion of dynasties. He has repeatedly said that he wants to wash away the "Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming habits" of the Ke family in officialdom. Notes on residence in Yongzheng dynasty

Yongzheng drama map

Zhang should be the most successful secretary in the whole Qing Dynasty. Due to the meticulous and tedious administration of Yongzheng, there must be suitable people to share the huge workload. Zhang acted cautiously and quietly, in line with Yongzheng's wishes. Due to the close working relationship, the relationship between the monarch and the minister is very harmonious. Zhang fell ill and entered the palace after his illness. Yongzheng said, "I told the officers two days ago that my arm hurt for several days. Do you know that?/You know what? They were surprised and asked why. I said, Zhang is a college student and is ill. This man is like my arm. Isn't this my arm hurts? " . Yongzheng has a true temperament and rich feelings. Zhang, who is willing to work hard, has risen from work recognition to personal deep friendship.

As we all know, the Ministry of War founded by Yongzheng was a major political reform at that time, which also had a far-reaching impact on history. If the military department has achieved fruitful results in Yongzheng, it is because of Zhang's red flowers and green leaves. Although there are many aspects in the background of the birth of the military department, the most direct reason is that Yongzheng wanted to centralize and unify power and weaken or deprive any system of sharing rights. Another reason is the rapid implementation of Yongzheng's administrative thought, and the high-efficiency and low-cost operation is the highlight of the military department.

Grand Council

Although imperial affairs are complicated, since the emergence of the military department, it has been working in an assembly line, nervous and orderly. Under the framework of imperial power, it is like a thousand hands of Guanyin, which truly realized Yongzheng's macro power dream of "dominating the world". The military department handles confidential emergency affairs and is close to Yongzheng's bedroom, ensuring that he can be on call to deal with possible emergency affairs. Military members are on duty, and there is no fixed organization. It is in this organization that Zhang became more and more important to Yongzheng. The speed and quality of his drafting documents are in line with Yongzheng's wishes. Zhang assisted Yongzheng to continue to improve the military regulations and fully cooperated with the substantive reforms initiated by Yongzheng.