The font size is Fu Jie and the number is Mid-Levels. It is called Jing Guogong, known as Wang Gong Jing in the world, also known as Wang Wengong.
His works include "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" and "Zhou Guan handed down from generation to generation".
During the reign of Injong, he became a scholar. During the reign of Jiayou, he wrote thousands of books and advocated political reform and innovation. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he tried to reform to save the poor and weak in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, due to the hasty reform, improper employment and opposition from the old party, it eventually failed.
Style ancient prose, poetry and ci can all become famous. Classical Chinese is concise, meaningful and profound, which is similar to its strong and arrogant character. The poetic Du Fu, influenced by Ouyang Xiu, used steady words and his style faded in his later years. His poems have lofty artistic conception and are particularly beautiful. Although the number of words is not much, it can get rid of the gorgeous habits of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, full of pride and charm.
Wang Anshi's official career table
At the age of 22, he was listed as a scholar and signed a book with Judge Huainan.
27-year-old, magistrate of a county in Yinxian, Zhejiang.
At the age of 3/kloc-0, he was sentenced to Zhou Shu.
At the age of 36, he was a judge of the herd division.
Changzhou, 37, is well known.
At the age of 38, I gave some advice to Jiangdong Criminal Prison.
At the age of forty, I applied for a patent for it.
At the age of 4/kloc-0, he was a judge of the third chamber.
47-year-old magistrate of jiangning house.
48 years old, bachelor of Hanlin.
Participated in politics at the age of 49 (deputy).
Fifty is a question of peace (Prime Minister)
Resigned at 54. As the magistrate of jiangning house.
Fifty-five.
Resigned at 56. Sentence jiangning house.
Resigned from all official positions at the age of 57.
He died in Jiangning at the age of 66. Lived in Zhongshan for ten years.
Notes on Wang Anshi's life
Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province).
) people. Yuan Xi was born in Song Zhenzong in five years. On November 12th, he died in April of the first year of Zong's reign at the age of 66. Wang Anshi was deeply influenced by his father, who became the chief bookkeeper of Fujian Jian 'an.
), because I can't bear to urge the poor to pay taxes, I have won the gratitude and love of many people; Later, when he became a judge of Linjiang Army, he often exposed the abnormal collusion between his boss and local predators from the standpoint of ordinary people. His spirit of incorruptibility and pride is deeply rooted in Wang Anshi's heart, which will become Wang Anshi's criterion and attitude in the future.
In the second year of Injong (1042), Wang Anshi was admitted to Jinshi at the age of 22. Soon, he was appointed as Zheng County (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province)
County magistrate, this is the first time he has officially taken up administrative work. During his four-year tenure, he gradually put the political ideas accumulated in his mind into practice and achieved good results. One is the success of water conservancy irrigation, and the other is trying to implement the most controversial young crop law in the subsequent political disputes. In the second year of Xining, 22-year-old Zong Shen ignored the opposition of his ministers and appointed Wang Anshi as a political advisor. The following year, he was promoted to prime minister and resolutely implemented the new law. Wang Anshi later offered to resign and return to his hometown because he was at odds with Lv Huiqing in officialdom. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Zhongshan, and jiangning house (now Zijinshan in the east of Nanjing) died at the age of 66.
Wang Anshi's reform
Wang Anshi's Reform in Xining Period of Song Shenzong in Northern Song Dynasty. In the first month of the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Song Shenzong Zhao Yong ascended the throne. Zongshen is determined to innovate. In April of the first year of Xining (1068), Wang Anshi was called to Beijing to carry out reforms and establish a system to enrich Qiang Bing and change the current situation of poverty and weakness.
Wang Anshi established a new organization to guide the reform-the third department of laws and regulations. After the cancellation of the Planning Department, Sinong Temple presided over most of the political reform affairs. Lv Huiqing, Ceng Bu and other countries participated in the drafting of the new law. These new laws can be roughly divided into the following aspects according to their contents and functions.
Restrict businessmen
The policies to supply national needs and restrict businessmen are mainly equal loss method, market exchange method and exemption method.
Equal loss method
In July of the second year of Xining, the loss sharing law of Huai, Zhejiang, Jiang and Hu was promulgated. By sea, we can grasp the financial situation of the Sixth Road, consider the annual supply situation and the materials needed by the capital, and then "change convenience into easy purchase" according to the principle of "moving expensive is cheap, and using near is easy to go far" and store it for later use, so as to save the price and the labor cost of transshipment. Equal-loss method captures some interests of wealthy businessmen, and at the same time slightly reduces many extra burdens of taxpayers.
Yi Shi Football Association
In March of the fifth year of Xining, the Chengyi Law was promulgated. Establish urban services in Kaifeng. According to the market situation, the municipal easy service determines the price, purchases unsalable goods and sells them when the market needs it. Vendors can borrow money or buy goods on credit from the municipal simple service office. Later, Kaifeng e-commerce was promoted to the capital of e-commerce as the general agency of e-commerce. The market change law has played a role in limiting the monopoly of the market by big businessmen, and also increased the financial income of the court.
Tax exemption method
In July of the sixth year of Xining, the exemption law was officially promulgated. According to the exemption law, shops in all walks of life pay the exemption amount to e-commerce every month according to their profits, and no longer supply physical objects or manpower to the government in turn.
Increase agricultural output
Policies to adjust the relationship between feudal countries, landlords and farmers and measures to develop agricultural production include young crops law, conscription law, land equalization tax law and farmland water conservancy law.
Young crop method
In September of the second year of Xining, the Young Crop Law was promulgated. It is stipulated that the grain stored in Changping and Guanghui warehouses should be based on money. When the food price is high, it is sold at a price lower than the market price, and when the price is low, it is purchased at a price higher than the market price. The accumulated cash is divided into two periods every year, that is, the first month and May, when sowing is needed and summer and autumn are immature, and farmers borrow money and goods from the government on a voluntary basis. After the harvest, with the summer and autumn tax, the interest will be increased by two or three tenths to return the food or cash. The Young Crop Law keeps farmers from being exploited by the usurers of the "merger house" at inappropriate times, so that farmers can "keep pace with the times".
Financing mode
Xining was promulgated and implemented in four years. The conscription law (exemption law) stipulates that state and county governments should pay for military service. States and counties expect that the annual employment expenses will be shared by families according to their level. The law of supporting service makes rural residents who used to serve in turn return to their hometowns to farm, and farmers who used to enjoy the privilege of exemption from service have to pay service money, which increases the government's income.
Square field average tax law
Xining was promulgated in the fifth year. Tian Fang's tax equalization law stipulates that every September, county officials should measure the land and test the fertility of the land, which is divided into five grades and the tax amount is stipulated. After the measurement is completed, the land hukou post will be issued in March of the following year as a "land sign". The division of property, the sale and division of land are all based on the field now measured, registered by the government and issued with title deeds. Restrict bureaucratic landlords from annexing land and concealing land property and population.
Farmland water conservancy law
Xining was promulgated in the second year. The treaty encourages all localities to reclaim wasteland, build water conservancy and build dikes, and the beneficiary households will invest in the project according to their grades. Under Wang Anshi's advocacy, an upsurge of "four parties vying for farmland water conservancy" was formed for a while. While harnessing the Yellow River, Zhanghe River and other rivers in the north, a large number of "silt fields" have been deposited along several rivers and canals, turning barren land into fertile fields.
Stabilize feudal order
Measures to consolidate the feudal ruling order, rectify and strengthen the army include Sun Tzu's Art of War, Armor Law, Horse Protection Law and the establishment of military equipment supervision.
The general art of war
As a "Qiang Bing" measure, on the one hand, Wang Anshi streamlined the army, eliminated the old and the weak, and merged the barracks, on the other hand, he also practiced the art of war. From the seventh year of Xining, military attaché s with higher martial arts and more combat experience were selected for special training in the north. The implementation of Sun Tzu's art of war will enable soldiers to know their generals and practice their soldiers, thus improving the combat effectiveness of the army.
Jiabao method
Xining was promulgated in three years. Rural households everywhere, regardless of the main household or the customer, have one guarantee for every ten (later changed to five), five guarantees and one guarantee, and ten guarantees and one guarantee. Where there are more than two people at home, one person will protect Ding. During the slack season, gather for military training in Baoding; Patrol in turn at night to maintain law and order. Garbo law can not only enable the able-bodied men all over the country to receive military training and join the regular army, thus saving a lot of national military expenditure, but also establish a strict security network according to Garbo, organize the people of the whole country and stabilize the feudal order.
revamp the educational system
Reformers such as Wang Anshi also reformed the imperial examination system, reorganized schools at all levels, and trained needed talents for the society.
The influence of political reform
Wang Anshi's reform aimed at "enriching Qiang Bing", and it took nearly 15 years from the implementation of the new law to its abolition by the old school. During this period, after the implementation of each new law, it basically achieved the expected results, limiting the activities of powerful mergers and usurers, reducing some privileges of middle and upper-level officials and the royal family, while rural landlords and farmers reduced some obligations and tax burdens. Feudal countries also strengthened their rule over direct producers and increased their fiscal revenue. The new law more or less violated the interests of middle and upper-level officials, royalty, tycoons and usurers, and was finally abolished.