Tao Hongjing (456 ~ 536) was born in Liling (now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province), a Dantu in the Southern Dynasties. China was a Taoist thinker, physician, alchemist and writer during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. Later, Huayang lived in seclusion and died as Mr. Bai Zhen. One of the representatives of Maoshan Taoism in Nanliang, Southern Qi Dynasty, was also a famous physician. Danyang Moling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) people. He has been extremely clever since he was a child. At the age of fifteen, I wrote "Looking for Mountains". At the age of 20, he was cited as a servant of the kings, and later worshipped General Zuo Houtang. Thirty-six-year-old Liang lives in seclusion in Huayang Cave, Qushan (Maoshan). Liang Wudi knew Tao Hongjing in his early years. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he wanted him to be an official and assist in state affairs. Tao drew another picture of two cows, one grazing freely, the other wearing a golden halter, and a man holding a whip by the nose. Liang Wudi knew what it meant as soon as he saw it. Although he is not an official, he has been writing letters and he often discusses court affairs with him. He is called "Prime Minister in the Mountain". His thought was born out of Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy and Ge Hong's immortal Taoism, which combined the views of Confucianism and Buddhism. Running grass is especially wonderful. He has some research on calendars, geography and medicine. The ancient Shennong Classic of Materia Medica was compiled, which supplemented the new medicines used by famous doctors in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and became a seven-volume Notes on Materia Medica, which included 730 kinds of medicines, and classified the medicines according to jade, vegetation, insects, livestock, fruits, vegetables and rice for the first time, which had a certain impact on the development of materia medica (the original book was lost, and now the remnants were found in Dunhuang). In addition, Gao Zhen was written. His article "Thank you for your Chinese book" has been included in junior high school textbooks.
Tao Hongjing has made in-depth research in medicine, alchemy, astronomy, geography, military science, sword casting, Confucian classics, literature and art, Taoist rituals and so on. And his contribution to pharmacology is the greatest, which is related to alchemy. He revised Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica at that time and added 365 kinds of drugs to it.
One of Tao Hongjing's contributions to chemistry is to record the flame analysis method of potassium nitrate: "In the past, someone got something similar in color to mirabilite, which seemed to catch snow instead of ice. If it burns strongly, the purple smoke will still turn to ash and boil endlessly, such as nitrate. " The so-called "purple smoke" is a unique property of potassium salt. This record in Tao Hongjing is the earliest record of potassium salt identification in the history of world chemistry.
Tao Hongjing has been engaged in Dan training experiments for a long time. Liang Wudi gave him gold, cinnabar, Zeng Qing, realgar and other raw materials to make him an alchemist. He mastered a lot of chemical knowledge in the process of alchemy, such as mercury can form amalgam with some metals, and amalgam can be electroplated. It is pointed out that mercury "can digest gold and silver into mud, and people regard electroplating as well." Hu Fen (basic lead carbonate) and Huang Dan (lead tetroxide) are not natural products, but are made of lead. It has been pointed out that Hu Fen is made of lead. Huang Dan is "made of boiled lead".
Tao Hongjing wrote a lot in his life, about 223 articles. Among them, there are seven volumes of Notes on Materia Medica, three volumes of Hundred Prescriptions after Elbow, one volume of Dream Book, five volumes of Effective Prescriptions, one volume of Herbs and Plants as Miscellaneous Medicine, one volume of Secret Recipe for Breaking the Valley, one volume of Eliminating Three Feet, one volume of Guide to Convinced, and one volume of Nourishing and Prolonging Life. Most of them have been lost.
Hongjing was smart since childhood. At the age of ten, he read Ge Hong's Biography of Immortals, and he decided to keep fit. Less than twenty, for kings to read. Although in public, I am not sociable and concentrate on reading. Resigned at the age of 36 and lived in seclusion. Liang Wudi knew Tao Hongjing in his early years. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he wanted him to be an official and assist in state affairs. Tao drew another picture of two cows, one grazing freely, the other wearing a golden halter, and a man holding a whip by the nose. Liang Wudi knew what it meant as soon as he saw it. Although he is not an official, he keeps writing letters and is called "Prime Minister in the Mountain".
Hongjing is human. "The Biography of Liang Shu and Chu Shi" said, "Tong Yuan is sincere, his source is unknown, his heart is like a mirror, and he is convenient when he meets something." It is also a muddy sky, three feet high and carved with seven lanes at 28 degrees. It is not only used for astronomical calendars, but also helpful for monasticism. Zeng Mengfo was named the Victory Bodhisattva by Bodhi, so he went to Ashoka Tower to prove his innocence and received the five precepts. Datong died two years ago at the age of eighty-five (eighty-one). His color remains the same, he feels very comfortable, and his fragrance has spread all over the mountain for several days. Mr. Wang is knowledgeable and has written a lot, including 100 volumes of Academy, 12 Prefaces to the Analects of Confucius, 1 volume of Three Prefaces to the Book of Rites, 1 volume of Shangshu, 4 volumes of Biography of Shi Mao and 3 volumes of Jade Room. There are five volumes of the Imperial Calendar, two volumes of Linchuan Kang Wang's Theory of the World, three volumes of Taigongsun's Notes, two volumes of Seven Obsidian's Old and New Techniques, one volume and one volume. There are three volumes of arithmetic and artistic chores, one volume, three volumes, one volume, one volume, five volumes, one volume, one volume, one volume.
According to li yanshou's "Southern History" in Tang Dynasty, "there are more than ten books that have not yet been written, and only disciples can get them", and the "Fu Xing Jue Zang Fu Fang" in Dunhuang Stone Chamber is one of them. It is the only medical document that records the contents of Tang Ye Jing Fa so far, and puts forward an outline of syndrome differentiation of five internal organs, which bridges the gap between Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Tang Ye Jing Fa, and can be called a classic that connects the past with the future. He has written many books, besides the ones mentioned above, there are the True Patent, the Secret Method of Ascending Truth, the Record of Nourishing and Prolonging Life, the Prescription of Picking Golden Elixir and Huang Bai, the General Formula of Medicine, and the Collection of Huayang Road's Seclusion. Good at painting and calligraphy, proficient in piano, chess and calligraphy. Calligraphy works are in Cao Li, and its paintings are halal. His paintings and calligraphy works include Two Cows, Shan Jutu and One.