Yuri sergeyevich Rytkheu (рытхэу, юрийсергееви) Most of his works describe the changes of Chukchi people's old and new lives, and his first collection of short stories, People on the same Coast (1953), caused a sensation. His major works include the novel trilogy "Snowmelt Season" (1958- 1967), a collection of novels "A Man's Name" (1955), "The Legend of Chukchi" (1956) and "The Whale Leaving" (.

Chinese name: Rytkheu.

mbth:рытхэуюрийсергеевич； Rytkheu

Nationality: Russia

Ethnic group: Chukchi

Birthplace: Huilun Village, Chukchi Autonomous Region

Date of birth:1March 8, 930

Date of death: May 2008 13.

Occupation: writer

Graduate school: Leningrad University

Main achievements: novels

film

Masterpieces: People on the Same Coast, Snowmelt Season, Chukchi Legend, Whale Leaving.

brief introduction

Yuri sergeyevich Ritterheu (юрийсергеевичрытхэы)

Most of his works describe the changes of Chukchi people's old and new lives. The first collection of short stories, People on the Same Shore (1953), caused a sensation. The main works include the novel trilogy, Snowmelt Season, Lintern Going to University, and Dawn in Leningrad (1958- 1967).

Leitehaiwu is a pioneer of Chukchi literature in the Soviet Union. Chukchi nationality is a fishing and hunting nationality in the remote areas of northeast Soviet Union. Located in the ice and snow on the edge of the Arctic, it has a small population and a hard life, and has lived a primitive life of the clan for a long time. After the October Revolution, due to the establishment of the Soviet regime, Chukchi began to embark on a new life path. With the help of Russians and other nationalities, Chukchi people have their own schools, created their own characters, and have their own literature since then. Rethaiwu is one of the earliest native writers in Chukchi's history.

Most of his works are written in Chukchi and sometimes in Russian. Many Russian versions of his novels were translated by himself.

all one's life

Soviet period

Early life

Chukchi Autonomous Region (чукотскийрайоуэлен) Chukchi people in Huilun Village and

Lethaiwu's father is Chukchi and his mother is Inuit. His family seems to be intertwined with two cultures: one is the culture of raising deer and animal husbandry, and the other is the culture of hunting walruses, seals, whales, polar bears and other marine animals. I have been influenced by these two cultures and ancient folklore closely related to them since I was a child. "

Leitehaiwu's grandfather is a shaman. When he was born, he was named "Rytkheu" (рытхэу; Rytkheu), Chukchi means "unknown". Later, in order to apply for a passport, Lethaiwu took a Russian name and changed it to "Yuri sergeyevich Rytkheu".

"In the 1930s, this was a new era established by the Soviet regime in the Far East and the Arctic. On the one hand, there are many new things in our life, such as school education, village Soviet and collective farms. On the other hand, our life follows the old customs everywhere. The ancient national cultural tradition has a long history. This is really my blessing. I seem to be at the junction of the old world and the new era. On the one hand, I go to school every day, where I can contact and absorb a lot of new knowledge and ideas. On the other hand, I live in a deer skin round house where my ancestors lived every day, and often go hunting with my elders and villagers, catching walruses, seals and hunting polar bears. Whenever whales or other wild animals are caught, people will hold an ancient ceremony to pray and thank the gods and celebrate the harvest. These magical ceremonies and related legends left a deep impression on my young mind and constituted the most vivid and unforgettable part of my childhood. My childhood and adolescence were spent in the process of going back and forth to Lupiru Garden and school every day. Later, I learned that although this round trip was only a few hundred meters, I suddenly crossed thousands of years and spanned several eras of human historical development "-Rytkheu recalled his childhood like this.

1946 He finished a seven-year school in the local area.

Learning and creation

In order to study, I went to Leningrad alone and worked as a sailor, explorer and porter. When applying for a passport, he found a familiar geologist and asked to use his own name and his father's name. Because Chukchi people have no father's name and surname, this writer was later called Yuri sergeyevich, and his name Rytkheu became his surname.

On the way to Leningrad, he was admitted to the normal school (technical secondary school) in Anadel. Starting from 1947, he published works and reported on the Soviet Chukchi newspaper (_ советская) in Anadel District. At this time, he met a linguist from Leningrad, п?. With his help, Rytkheu went to Leningrad.

1949- 1954 Retaiwu studied at zhdanov University in Leningrad (now renamed St. Petersburg University). In his twenties, his story appeared in Young Leningrad (_ молоднленнград _1950). He translated the works of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Gorky and Semushkin into Chukchi. 1954 Join the Soviet Writers Association. From 65438 to 0956, Magadan published his collection of short stories, The Legend of Chukchi, which brought him recognition from readers at home and abroad. The success of the trilogy "Snowmelt Season" from 1958 to 1967 made him one of the famous writers in the Soviet Union. Rethaiwu joined the Soviet Union on 1967.

After graduating from Leningrad University, Lei Taiwu worked as a reporter in магаданскаяправе Pravda, and then he However, even though he lives in Leningrad, he insists on going back to his hometown for several months every year, where he has his youngest son, daughter-in-law and grandson. At the same time, Re Taiwu has also visited many countries for cultural exchanges and visits, and provided advice to UNESCO on polar ethnic issues.

Russian period

Dilemma and turning point

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yuri Rethaiwu's works stopped printing in China. The writer was in a dilemma and expressed his intention to immigrate to the United States. However, after Aitmatov, he met Lv Xian, a German book publisher. Therefore, Lv Xian signed a contract with this writer to publish his works in Germany and became his literary agent. Getaiwu's works began to be published in many countries.

Die of illness

On the evening of May 13, 2008, the famous Russian Chukchi writer Leitehaiwu died in St. Petersburg at the age of 78 because of long-term illness and ineffective treatment.

Matviyenko, the mayor of St. Petersburg, expressed his grief at the death of this writer. She said that Leitehaiwu's works are known and loved by many readers all over the world, and he opened the strange world of Chukchi people to us. He taught us to understand and love the beauty of this cold border and the kindness and sincerity of those brave people who linked their destiny with the north. His works have been translated into many languages, and people will always miss this writer. Da Granan, a famous writer, said that he is a world-class outstanding writer and an important writer of the northern nationalities.

He was buried next to his wife's grave in Komarovo village.

works

General situation of creation

Most of Leitehaiwu's works describe the long and complicated process of Chukchi people's transformation from primitive state to modern civilization, and most of them are full of national style and legendary romance.

This poem is a vocal suite created by the composer Edward Altmeyev (эдуардартемьев).

job responsibility

Snow White

It is a very representative work in the creation of minority themes. In his works, the author describes the scene of ethnic minorities moving towards a new life, shows the disintegration of the clan and the struggle within the clan during the establishment of the Soviet regime, and shows the sharp conflict between the old moral standards and the moral standards of the new era. The work shows the author's in-depth discussion on ethnic minorities' ethics, customs and psychological changes, and shows that Rytkheu is highly sensitive to the requirements of the times.

Chinese translation

Rytkheu is deeply loved by readers all over the world, and his works have been translated into dozens of languages such as English, Arabic, German, French, Swedish, Polish and Romanian.

Since 1953, China has translated and introduced a large number of works by Rethaiwu, including People Along the Coast, Snowmelt Season, Whales Leaving and so on.

window

1, window, translated by Luo Shusi, translated (later changed to world literature) 1953 No.5.

The translation introduces Rytkheu and his works as follows:

"Chukchi is a fishing and hunting nation in the Arctic of the Soviet Union. The place where it is located is a barren land of ice and snow, with few people. There was almost no culture in the past. However, under the sunshine of the October Revolution, Chukchi people began to live a new life. This "window" describes the process of their new life. "

"The author Yuri sergeyevich Rethaiwu was born in Allen Village, Chukchu on 1930. 1946 After graduating from a seven-year school, he entered the normal school in the center of the district-Annar City; He entered Leningrad University on 1949 and graduated today. "

"His first novel, People on Our Shore, was published in the series" Young Leningrad "of 195 1. In addition to writing, he also translated Pushkin's fairy tales, Shemushkin's "Arit Going Up the Mountain" and various textbooks into Chukchi. "

"Leitehaiwu is the first writer in Chukchi's history. The translation here has been translated from the English version of Soviet literature in July this year. "

2. Window, translated by Yi Ru, edited by World Literature Editorial Department: Meet each other, Guangming Daily Press, 1985.

Friends-comrades

Friends-Comrades, trans. Fang Yidong, (Shanghai) Pingming Publishing House, 1953.

The collection of novels contains four short stories, Friends-Comrades, Window, Taglini Flying to Burleigh and Traveler, which are the representative works of the author. Like other works of the author, it reflects the vigorous reform and construction of the author's hometown, and describes their struggle for a better life and the friendship of all ethnic groups.

Collection of short stories by Lu Teqiu (People on the same coast _ людинашегоберега _)

Collection of Rytkheu's Short Stories, translated by Jane Xiao Xuan, New Literature and Art Publishing House, 1958.

Re Taiwu's novels describe a series of reforms and constructions in this field after the October Revolution, and their close relationship with Russian brothers. The protagonists in Rytkheu's collection of short stories are all characters in his hometown Shuguang Hunting Cooperative-old hunter Momer, his daughter Taglini, hunter Ganlini, cooperative chairman Fan Qi, etc. It is a true story, and the article is coherent, reflecting the life and mental outlook of these Beijing hunters from all aspects. This book has 1 1 novels. The former 10 novels are all people from the same coast (_ людинашегобее), and five of them were translated from the English version of the Soviet Union.

Old McMillan finally won 1 Old McMillan finally won, translated by Jane and Ding Jiu, People's Literature Publishing House, 1958.

It contains two short stories, The Window and the Victory of Old McMillan. Two works are selected from the author's collection of short stories People on the Same Coast. The first story about installing windows in a family shows the influence of habits on people's minds and the younger generation's pursuit of a new life. The second article describes how Chukchi, a clever and kind old man, educated a tramp in his own cooperative, and at the same time how he overcame difficulties and learned to read. From these two short stories, readers can understand the life and spiritual outlook of Chukchi people, and at the same time, they can also appreciate the profound influence of Lenin's communist national policy. These two articles are selected from the Collection of Rytkheu's Short Stories published by New Literature and Art Publishing House.

2. Old McMillan Won at Last, translated by Jane Xiao Xuan, Writers Publishing House, 1960 edition.

"Old McMillan Won at Last" is selected from the author's collection of short stories "People on the Same Coast".

Ateeq's death and Ateeq's death, World Literature No.4, 1980.

Sail, edited by Foreign Literature and Art Editorial Department: Collection of Contemporary Soviet Short Stories, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1982.

Wocht and Agnes.

Wachter and Agnes, translated by Shi Gong, edited by Bai Sihong: Yellow Rose: Selected Foreign Novels Expressing Love, Anhui People's Publishing House, 1984.

huge

Monster, translated by Bai Sihong, Russian-Soviet Literature, No.4, 1985.

May the snow and ice melt at an early date.

May the snow and ice melt as soon as possible. Trans. Gan Zhao Min. See Selected Stories of the Soviet Union (middle), Beijing Publishing House, 1986.

Look people in the eye.

Look people in the eye. Trans. Wang. Zhukov and others' grounds for appeal. Foreign Literature Publishing House, 1987.

Sea dog (or translated as sea lion)

1, Sea Dog, translated, edited by Zhang: Selected Short Stories of Soviet Nationalities, Ethnic Publishing House, 1988.

2. The Sea Lion, translated by Rong Rude, Selected Short Stories of the Soviet Union in Sixty Years (Volume V), Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1988.

Modern Legends: Selected Novels by Rytkheu

Modern Legends: Selected Novels by Rytkheu, translated by Bai Sihong, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1988.

One of the "Soviet literature series". It includes four works: the short story Sail, the novella Warhit and Agnes, The Whale Left and The Monster.

Sail is an elegant, meaningful and unconstrained short story. The "I" in the story went to Leningrad Concert Hall with reverence to listen to Tchaikovsky's first symphony (Winter Fantasy). The white pillar in the hall reminds him of sailing and the first time he listened to the symphony and this piece of music in his hometown when he was a child. Twenty-five years later, my villagers bravely changed their lives completely. The hometown of the frontier has undergone earth-shaking changes, but that beautiful day is vivid in my mind; Now, the sail of music takes my heart and thoughts to that distant place.

Monster is a touching song, a hymn of love and a victory of life. Chukchi people have an old legend: once a hunter is floated away by an ice floe, he will become a furry man-eating monster. Anyone who sees him has an obligation to kill him. Rethaiwu wrote a love tragedy with this folklore, praising Gogo and Jin Jin's unswerving love and accusing the old tradition of cannibalism. The author focuses on the beautiful nature in the north, the noble morality of young people, the extinction of human nature and the victory of love, which finally sublimates into the theme of the beauty of life. As Jin Jin sang in the song, there are many sweet and beautiful things in life: the beauty of the morning, the joy of waking up, the flowing music, the gorgeous tundra, the newborn deer, and the good time to meet. Their tragedy is over, and that strange victory will haunt readers forever.

Wachter and Agnes is a famous novella by Re Taiwu. After graduating from high school, Wachter, a young Chukchi, gave up his plan to go to college and voluntarily returned to work in the ice field. He inherited the story of his parents' deer-raising career and praised the Chukchi people's spirit of loving their homes and labor and their sense of mission. The novel describes in detail Warhit's single-handed struggle against the snowstorm in the ice and snow when he was ordered to repair the Arctic surveying markers, describes in detail Wachter's complex psychological activities and praises his fearless spirit. The novel is interspersed with a love story between an Estonian girl Agnes and Wachter. Their romantic and tortuous love shows their noble character and dignity. The whole article is permeated with the author's love for the ice sheet and the ice sheet nation, and the pursuit of spiritual beauty and love beauty, which makes the lyrical atmosphere of this work more rich and moving.

Whale Separation is also one of the modern legendary novels. This is a philosophical novella. A beautiful girl, Nawu, fell in love with a young man, Leo, who became a whale, and they shared their descendants-whales and humans. Nau gave birth to a whale and another baby. In the difficult and illusory living environment, people and whales love each other, and whales help the little brother's seaside tribe live a carefree life. Once people hurt whales for selfish purposes, whales will leave humans, and humans will lose their dependence. Here, the author reminds people that the relationship between man and nature is like brothers and sisters. "We are born from the same root and are not in a hurry to get married." He called on people to treat nature like brothers, and nature would feed people generously. The harmony between man and nature is an important theme in contemporary Soviet literature, and many writers have explored it. Leite seabird has created a unique way to link the harmony between man and nature with people's spiritual and moral values, and deepened this theme.

Fly back to earth (also translated as returning from outer space)

1, Fly back to Earth, translated by Tian Baoshi, edited by He Maozheng and Wang: The Destruction of Goddess-Soviet New Novels, China Youth Publishing House 1990.

2. Return from Outer Space, translated by Zhao, edited by Lu: Mental Patient: Selected Short Stories of World Literature Works at the End of 20th Century, Times Literature and Art Publishing House 1995.

A bad German.

A terrible German, translated by Cang De Hai Yun, Soviet Literature, No.5, 199 1.

A Terrible German, translated by Cang Dehai Yun, edited by Wu, Maria, Don't Cry: Selected Short Stories of New Russia, Kunlun Press 1999.

A Terrible German, translated by Cang Dehai Yun, edited by Gao Xuefu and Ren Jisheng: Chronology of Foreign Short Stories in the 20th Century, Russian-Soviet Volume (Volume II), People's Literature Publishing House, 2002.

Snowmelt season (_ времятаянияснегов _)

Snowmelt season, translated by Yan Lu, Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, 1993.

One of the "Soviet Contemporary Literature Series". This book is the author's autobiographical novel, which records the protagonist's childhood and the history of Chukchi's rebirth, and is also the historical witness of Chukchi's rebirth. It is one of his autobiographical life trilogy (the other two are Lin Deng University and Dawn in Leningrad, written in 1958- 1967).

Through the growth of a Chukchi child, the trilogy broadly and vividly reflects the tenacious and heroic struggle of the Chukchi people to build a new life in the Soviet era, and shows their simple and kind national character and rich inner life. The trilogy fully shows the creative talent of Leitehaiwu, which is undoubtedly a peak in his creation and has won him a wide reputation at home and abroad.

The whale leaves (_ когдауходяткиты _).

The Leaving of Whales, translated by Lu Yongchang, Lijiang Publishing House, 1997.

One of the "White Bear Series". The novel describes how human beings destroy nature and hurt themselves. Whales are ancestors and friends of human beings, but one day greedy fishermen took them as prey, so whales left forever.

honour

China's report and research.

Umanskaya: the first Chukchi writer, Sino-Soviet friendship 1958/2 1.

"Rytkheu, You Xie" and "Soviet literary figures"

Gao Mang: The Baltic Sea Wind-Impression of Leningrad Writers, Foreign LiteratureNo. 1984,No. 10.

Space bound recovery: Foreword of the translator of Friends-Comrades, Friends-Comrades, Pingming Publishing House 1953.

Ding Jiu: Preface to Selected Short Stories by Rytkheu, Selected Short Stories by Rytkheu New Literature and Art Publishing House 1958.

Bai Sihong: A Collection of Contemporary Soviet Short Stories, Volume I, Preface to the Translation of Saier, Shanghai Translation Edition 1982.

Bai Sihong: Victory of the Beauty of Life —— Comment on The Devil by Leitehaiwu, Russian-Soviet Literature, No.4, 1985.

Bai Sihong: Postscript of Modern Legends: Selected Novels by Rytkheu, Modern Legends: Selected Novels by Rytkheu, Shanghai Translation Publishing House 1988.

Liu Ning: Rethaiwu and his novel The Season of Snowmelt, The Season of Snowmelt, Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House 1993.

You, Gao Mang: I Draw Russia, People's Literature Publishing House, 2006.

Yang Zhuang: The Death of the Famous Russian Writer Leitehaiwu, Foreign Literature Trends, No.4, 2008.