1662 (the first year of Kangxi), Tang Xianyue wrote a letter to Zheng Chenggong, accusing him of "running the country loosely, can he run the country?" Zheng Chenggong was furious and ordered his younger brother Zheng Tai to go to Siming to behead his wife Dong Shi, his son Zheng Jing and his grandson. Zheng Taihe discussed with Hong Xu and others and said, "Can you kill a mistress or a mistress?" Only cut Chen and his son. Zheng Chenggong refused, so the generals disobeyed orders together. In addition, Zheng Zhilong was killed in Beiping at that time, and it was also heard that Li Yong Emperor Zhu Youlang was killed in Myanmar. Zheng Chenggong suffered several times and died on May 1.
After his death, the generals in Taiwan took Zheng Jing's younger brother Zheng Gong to take care of state affairs, while others took Zheng Jing as "* * *" and "unbearable", acclaimed Zheng Gong as the capital of East China, and divided their forces to resist Zheng Jing. The news came that Zheng Jing was sent out in mourning when he succeeded to the throne in Siming, with Chen Yonghua as his counselor, Zhou Quanbin as the commander-in-chief of the Fifth Army, Feng Xifan as his bodyguard, and the whole division was ready to cross Taiwan. Geng Jimao, King of Jingnan in Qing Dynasty, and Li Lutai, Governor of Qing Dynasty, both sent people to discuss this matter. In order to remove the threat of the Qing army, Zheng Jing proposed to join the tribute system of the Qing Dynasty and negotiate with Emperor Kangxi. Emperor Kangxi pointed out: "North Korea is a foreign country that has never existed before, and Zheng Jing is from China." Zheng Jing took advantage of the truce, and on the first day of November (65438+ February 1 1) * *, Huang Zhao was shot dead by an arrow in the battle, and all other generals surrendered. After Zheng Jing's victory, he entered Anping City, executed the young people, and put Zheng under house arrest in Xiamen, ending the infighting.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/663 (the second year of Kangxi), Zheng Jing returned to Siming. In June, his uncle supported the attack on Zheng, refused him, pretended to be invited to discuss the matter and killed him. After his death, his younger brother Zheng Mingjun and his son Zheng Lingbing settled in Quanzhou. 10, the Qing court mobilized troops and joined forces with various armies and Dutch fleets to attack Jin and Xia. Zheng Jing fell and retreated to Tongshan (now Dongshan County). At this time, Geng Jimao and Li Lvtai sent people to discuss the matter. Zheng Jing still insisted on the previous discussion, declaring: "You have to cut your hair and land, and you are not allowed to die."
1664 (the third year of Kangxi) managed Taiwan Province province. In March, when many generals rebelled, Zheng Jing and Xu Hong led the troops eastward and arrived in Taiwan on the 10th.
After arriving in Taiwan Province, Zheng Jing inherited Zheng Chenggong's policy, allocated towns to reclaim land and let soldiers engage in agriculture. Establish the administrative system of Taiwan Province Province and set up six administrative departments. Hong Lei, Ye Heng, Chen, Ke Ping, Ministry of Official Affairs, Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Military Affairs and Ministry of Industry. Be kind to the royal family who came to Taiwan in the Ming Dynasty, and set up the post of supervisor with the quiet king Zhu Shugui. Build a house in Chengtianfu and place the royal family and squire. In August, Dongning was changed to Dongning, and Tianxing and Wannian counties were promoted to states. Entrust political affairs to Chen Yonghua. Chen Yonghua is good at governing the country, supervising towns to cultivate fields, growing grain, planting sugarcane and boiling sugar, repairing ridges and drying salt, and doing many things to promote business. He also adopted Chen Yonghua's suggestion of "building a temple and establishing a school" and took Chen Yonghua as the academy, "from then on, Taiwan Province people learned something". He also accepted Hong Xu's suggestion that "literature and military equipment are indispensable" and let towns teach martial arts in the slack season and "practice array law in the spring and autumn"; He also went to villages and towns, went into the mountains to buy masts and rudders, and repaired and developed shipbuilding ships. Usually loaded and sold to various countries. Since then, "Taiwan Province Province has become increasingly prosperous, and the mainland can not".
At that time, Britain and Spain sent people to visit successively, and Zheng Jing promised them to do business, but refused Spain's request to set up a school in Taiwan Province, and told the Spanish envoy face to face that China people were not allowed to make ends meet when doing business in Luzon (Philippines). "If you break your promise, send a teacher to ask." 1667- 1669 (six to eight years of Kangxi), the Qing court sent people to Taiwan Province province twice to discuss the case, and Zheng Jing insisted on "imitating North Korea", but the peace talks failed.
After Zheng Jing retreated to Taiwan Province Province, it tried to strengthen its national strength through trade. He accepted Chen Yonghua's suggestion and bribed the generals of the Qing Dynasty to smuggle, because the Qing Dynasty carried out the order to move the border. Coastal refugees are responsible for the transshipment of goods. At that time, there were more men than women in Taiwan Province Province, and some even abducted women. Refugees are also responsible for guarding the island for Zheng Jun.
Tokugawa shogunate was an important trading partner of Zheng Dynasty. Taiwan Province imported a lot of Japanese silver, copper, lead and armor to support the needs of the war. The trade volume between the two sides reached its peak from 1665 to 1672. In order to strengthen the trade relationship between Zheng and Japan, Zheng Jing allowed Japanese businessmen to live in Keelung.
The British East India Company also came to Taiwan Province Province at the invitation of Zheng Jing, and the two sides signed a trade treaty in 1672 (the 11th year of Kangxi). Zheng Jing therefore obtained gunpowder and weapons through Britain, and the British also helped Zheng Jun to train artillery, and Zheng Jing also used British artillery to fight.
Expedition to the West1674 April 2 1 day (13th year of Kangxi), Geng responded to the San Francisco incident initiated by Wu Sangui and provided warships to Zheng Jing in exchange for sending troops. Zheng Jing agreed. In May, Zheng Jing set out from Taiwan Province and arrived in Xiamen, asking Geng to give Zhangzhou and Quanzhou to himself. Geng Zhongjing already owned the whole Fujian at this moment, thinking that Zheng Jing had too little strength, he had cancelled his fight and refused Zheng Jing's request. Zheng Jing then occupied Haicheng and Tongan, while Geng retaliated by cutting off trade with Zheng Jing, and the two sides began to make friends.
However, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou have all taken refuge in Zheng Jing. Geng Jian.
Zheng Jing gradually gained momentum, and negotiated with him, hoping to return Quanzhou, but Zheng Jing refused. Geng Zhongjing decided to retake Quanzhou by force, and Zheng Jing sent Liu Guoxuan to Tuling (now Tuling Town, Quangang District) to repel Geng Jun and then fight Zhangpu. It was not until the first month of the 29th year (1675) that Geng fulfilled his previous agreement and provided five warships to Zheng Jing, and the two sides stopped fighting with Fengting (now Fengting Town, Xianyou County) as the boundary, with Geng in the north and Zheng Jing in the south. Although Zheng Jing repelled the Qing army in Guangdong twice before, there were still counties under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Prefecture. After reconciliation with Geng, Zheng Jing plans to travel to Chaozhou. He first sent Liu Guoxuan to defeat Shang Zhixin, and then led the army to Haicheng. At this time, Zhangzhou Shoujiang Huang privately contacted the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Jing doubted his loyalty and asked him to go out of the city to meet the enemy or send troops to attack together. These two orders were disobeyed by Huang, and in June, he transferred troops to rebel. Zheng Jing personally surrounded Zhangzhou and captured Zhangzhou on1October 6 (165438+1October 22), forcing Huang to commit suicide. In retaliation for Huang Wu's destruction of Zheng Jiazu's tomb, Zheng Jing cracked Huang's body, and all Huang's people who stayed in Zhangzhou were executed.
1676 (15th year of Kangxi), Shang Zhixin was defeated by Zheng Jun again, so he had to join the anti-Qing camp in San Francisco and cede Huizhou to Zheng Jing. At this time, Zheng Jing had four capitals, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Chaozhou and Huizhou, but all of them were allies nearby, and the Qing army had no territory for him to seize, so it was easy to conflict with allies because of territorial competition. In May, Geng planned to attack Jiangnan with Wu Sangui, and recruited Liu Yinglin, the company commander of Tingzhou. Liu Yinglin refused to send troops, secretly contacted Zheng Jing and captured Tingzhou.
This incident broke the alliance between Zheng and Geng again, and Geng was surrounded by Zheng and Qing and had to surrender to Qing. Without Geng, Zheng Jing had to face the main force of the Qing army directly. He first sent 30,000 men to attack Fuzhou, but on October 15th (165438+1October 20th), he was defeated by the Qing army in the Wulong River, and other territories were lost, so Zheng Jing had to return to Xiamen.
After Zheng Jing's defeat in his later years, he tried to stick to Xiamen. He sent generals to defend the coastal islands of Fujian, eastern Guangdong and southern Zhejiang to stabilize the morale of the army. After Liu Guoxuan returned to Xiamen, Zheng Jing appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the army, ready to counterattack Minnan. 1677 during the peace talks, Prince Kang of the Qing Dynasty promised Zheng Jing that if Zheng Jun retreated from the mainland coastal islands to Taiwan Province Province, he promised Taiwan Province Province to become a vassal, "it is absolutely righteous to trade with Taiwan Province Province".
1678, 10 in March (February 18th, 17th year of Kangxi), Zheng Jing sent Liu Guoxuan to attack Hudu Bridge first, cutting off the connection between Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. After about three months of siege, Haicheng was captured on July 28th (June 10), but the subsequent battles in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou failed to achieve decisive victory, and the situation was deadlocked. 1678 During the peace talks, Rita, a general of the Qing Dynasty, wrote to Zheng Jing, saying that if Zheng Jun was willing to retreat to Taiwan Province Province, then "why should North Korea cherish a tiny place overseas?" Zheng Ke can always rely on Taiwan Province Province. "From now on, there is no need to land, shave or change clothes. It's okay to pay tribute, and it's okay not to pay tribute. North Korea takes Taiwan Province Province as Ji Zi, and Japan takes Xu Fuzhi ". /kloc-in October/February, the Qing dynasty resumed the border-moving order again. Forts and walls were set up along the coast from Fuzhou in the north to Zhao 'an in the south, which severely damaged the commercial activities of the Zheng Dynasty and made it impossible to trade by bribing Qing generals. After years of war, the financial situation of the Zheng Dynasty was seriously overdrawn, and the army lacked supplies. Zheng Jing had to give up all the strongholds in the southeast coast.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/680 (the 19th year of Kangxi), Fujian navy led by Wan Zhengse in the Qing Dynasty attacked Jin and Xia. Zheng Jing resisted the Rightists, but also came from Haicheng to help. When the war was unfavorable, Zheng Jing led the generals back to Taiwan Province. When his mother Dong's wife saw it, she said, "The seven houses were defeated in a row, and the two islands were also lost. It is because you have no right to be decisive and you can't let anyone else, which leads to stealing power from the left and right and establishing your own political party. " Zheng Jing was speechless. In autumn and August, Qingbeizi came to the tower and wrote a letter to Zheng Jing. According to the example of North Korea, "Don't shave your head, don't land, make your own tribute, and let the coastal creatures perish forever." Zheng Jing replied, please keep your promise and ask to leave Haicheng as a mutual market. Fujian Governor Yao Qisheng refused and the peace talks were put on hold again. Zheng Jing built a garden pavilion "Beiyuan Bieguan" in Tainan, as a pavilion in Taiwan Province Province and the residence of his mother Dong Shi. 1960 was rebuilt as "Haihui Temple", also known as Kaiyuan Temple in Tainan. It has a history of nearly 300 years. After several constructions, it has maintained the "Galand pattern" in architectural style. It is a typical Buddhist temple and a national second-class monument.
After Zheng Jing's invasion, the government immediately took measures to develop and cultivate it. It "distributed wasteland in towns and placed soldiers in agriculture". 1665, the Qing court sent Shi Lang and Zhou Quanbin to attack Taiwan, and Zheng Jing "made Xu Hong take three-tenths of the town to open up wasteland, calling it brave."
Who, the guards ... Yaho Dai Jie, Jin Xueen, Lin Sheng, Lin Ying, etc. Shimizu was restored by Zhifeng, and Zheng Jing "ordered Banshi to return to Taiwan Province ... and still returned to the village to farm". Don't abandon agriculture and raise soldiers. Because Zheng Jing has never stopped reclamation, agriculture in Taiwan Province Province has made unprecedented achievements in a short time. Chen Yonghua "experienced all the cooperatives in the North and South Second Road, and advised all towns to open up wasteland to grow grain, accumulate grain mildew, insert sugar cane to cook sugar, and prepare for business, so the harvest is mature and the people are full". A total of 35 villages and 12 flat cooperatives have been established and developed. Make it "a paradise for those who are afraid of it." Many settlements became the embryonic form of modern cities. They spread the advanced production experience of the mainland to all parts of Taiwan Province Province, so that the Gaoshan people who "don't know how to cut with hooks" and "don't know how to plow, rake and hoe axes" learned how to smelt iron, bake salt, extract camphor, develop virgin forests, and develop shipbuilding and fisheries. From the wilderness when I first came to the island to "eat Mu Zi to satisfy my hunger", to nearly 200,000 mu of seven-drag pasture, there is a bumper harvest every year, and the surplus grain occupies mu, sugar cane is abundant, and the people are rich. It has reached the goal that "there is no wasteland in the wild, but the army has surplus grain J, and two granaries, Tianxing and Wannian, are built, and the rest are provided for its use in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, so there is no plaque for the country. At that time, the self-protection of Fujian and Guangdong, which were seeking profits, came in droves, with an annual rate of tens of thousands of people, and people in Taiwan Province Province were so concentrated. Even the rulers of the Qing Dynasty admitted: "Our land has been occupied by the Zheng family for several years. "Building water conservancy Taiwan Province Province is dry in winter and there is no rain. The original water conservancy building has only two parts: the Dutch limb and the Wang Shen fault. Zhengjing of Daxing Water Conservancy in Taiwan Province Province. At that time, water conservancy construction was roughly divided into two categories: one was to build dikes to store water; The other is to intercept and transfer water. Almost all the places reclaimed by Zheng Jun have records of building water conservancy projects. For example, Li Weixin, Li Changzhi, Yirenli and Xinfengli all have 20 or 30 water conservancy projects. In just 10,000 years, the total number of water conservancy caves in the state has reached 20. Some of these projects were built by civil and military officials of the Zheng family, some by local people, and most of them were built by towns in their own residences. Before Zheng entered the stage, the islanders boiled seawater to make salt, which was time-consuming and bitter and inedible. Most of the salt used is imported from Zhang Quan and Quanzhou. 1665, Chen Yonghua islanders imitated Chinese mainland's method of "drying salt" and built an interpreter at Otto Pass south of Tianxing to dry salt. The salt in the mountains is salty and doesn't take much effort. Zheng Jing's Xu Min is self-sufficient, which not only meets the needs of people's livelihood, but also increases the income from applying for paint tax, laying the foundation for it to become one of the largest salt production experimental sites in China.
Starting from Zheng Zhitai's long-term planning, he put forward "teaching when you are full". Zheng Jingchu thinks that "the land is narrow and there are few people" should be discussed later. After Chen Yonghua's "ten years' growth, ten years' education and ten years' gathering", we should quickly educate and train talents to make the country prosperous in Yongning, and we were moved by Chen Yonghua's generous words. So Tianxing built civil engineering, Aminlun Hall, Confucian Temple and schools, and invited Confucian scholars from the Central Plains to select talents at different levels. Zheng Jing also implemented the policy of "children can give preferential treatment to rural bachelor, and lakes can shake their service", and gradually cultivated a number of thousands of neat and useful departments for Dongning's political situation, creating a society with sound economy and clear politics.
To govern villages and towns, Fu Fan and Zheng Jingsi appointed Chen Yonghua, changed the east to Dongning, and formulated a whole set of village and town governance system according to the feudal system in mainland China. The capital was divided into Dong 'an, Xiding, Ningnan and Zhenbei, and the Baojia system was established. Chen Yonghua also built fences, set up official posts, persuaded peasants and workers, banned gambling, planned Ding Yong, punished thieves, and taught people with poems, treated people with courtesy and righteousness, and respected people with loyalty, so that everyone had the courage to know. As a result, there are no vagrants in the land, the land is gradually expanding, the land is gradually opening up, and thousands of people are in a group, forming a situation of "not closing the door at night, and the people are struggling".
Zheng Jing carried out the policy of "rest and recuperation" in Chen Yonghua, and continued to adopt the policy of appeasement to the local natives. Whenever the autumn harvest crops in Taiwan Province Province are ripe, "Zheng Jing will be on the defensive like the islands so as not to disturb the people". For the people who are born and raised in Xingang, Guliuwan, Angel and Madou, "make their children learn from the scholars in the countryside and smoke them, so that they can gradually change." These four clubs also know that diligent grain drafts and accumulated services are richer than family stocks; It is close to Na Zhi, familiar with the city, and polite to live here, so it is a little better than other social customs. After several years of appeasement, Tubo became "worried and convinced". At the end of Zheng's life, except for accidental land disputes, indigenous people were able to live in peace.
Character Evaluation Denny Roy, an American scholar: Although Zheng Jing was called the King of Yanping County in Taiwan Province Province and was regarded as orthodox, the Ming Dynasty had perished and the Qing Dynasty had not ruled Taiwan Province Province, so Taiwan Province Province was actually an independent regime.
The main work, "Manchu Emirate was angry with him because he didn't land well."
Self-narration of East Wall Architectural Scene
Grief over the Central Plains
"I heard that the west is happy to sing this word."
Dong Bi Lou Ji
Family member Father Zheng Chenggong
Mother Zheng Jing's biological mother Dong Shi, named "Dong Yougu", is the niece of Dong R, assistant minister of Jinshi Department in Hui 'an, Fujian. She likes politics and has the demeanor of Cixi. It was this old lady who rebelled against Shi Lang. Because of Zheng Chenggong's death, her relationship with her son became estranged. In particular, she can't accept the ambiguous relationship between her son Zheng Jing and the wet nurse, so she especially hates Zheng Kecang, and even thinks that he is not his grandson, and the contradiction between mother and child is becoming more and more serious. Later, he planned to "waste the long and make the young", murder Zheng Kecang and establish Zheng Ke University.
Brother Zheng Cong, whose name is Zheshun, is Tang Yi. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of three products.
Zheng Ming, the word Zhexi, is called Xizhi. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of four products.
Zheng Rui, whose real name is Sheng Zhi. Die young. Buried with Fazheng in the tomb of Erzheng, the son of Fan Fu, is now located in the southern district of Tainan City.
Political knowledge, the word western Zhejiang, is called western knowledge. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of four products.
Zheng Kuan, the word Zhe Shuo, is famous for his wisdom. I don't know where to go.
Zheng Yu, word, name. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of four products.
Zheng Wen, the word Zhe Nian, the number Nian Zhai. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of four products.
Zheng Rou, whose word is Zhe Neng, whose name is Ke. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, he was awarded the position of four products.
Fa Zheng, the word Zhefen, is named Fenzhi. Die young. Buried with Zheng Rui in the tomb of Erzheng, the son of Fan Fu, is now located in the southern district of Tainan City.
Zheng Kecang, the eldest son of Zheng Jing, was born in 1663 (the second year of Kangxi) and was born to Zhao Niang, the concubine of Zheng Jing. After Zheng Jing's death, bodyguard Feng Xifan took the lead in taking the rumor that "the monarch is not the true blood of a vassal" as his speech, and conspired with Zheng Jing's younger brother Zheng Cong to take back Zheng Kecang's seal of the monarch and kill it. Zheng Kecang is only 18 years old.
Zheng Ke U, the second son of Zheng Jing, was born in 1670 (9th year of Kangxi) and was born to Zheng Jing's wife and mother. 168 1 year (the twentieth year of Kangxi), after the death of Zheng Jing, Zheng Ke u succeeded to the throne of Yanping. Because of his young age, he was assisted by his uncle Zheng Cong. Zheng Cong is greedy and cowardly, and everything depends on Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan. 1683 (twenty-two years of Kangxi) In June, after Shi Lang, the magistrate of Shimizu, conquered Penghu, Zheng Ke U made a suggestion from Liu Guoxuan, and revised the form for printing. After the Qing Dynasty, he moved to Beijing, where he was named Han Gong of Zhenghuangqi, and later died of illness.
Zheng Keju, the third son of Zheng Jing, asked Emperor Kangxi to approve the promotion.