Ceng Zi, born in 10+02 BC, studied under Confucius in 505 BC (the 15th year of Zhou Dynasty and the 5th year of Lu Dinggong).
In 494 BC, Zeng Shen often studied poetry and books with his father, which was called "studying hard at his desk". In 492 BC (three years in Lu Aigong), "I was plowing under Mount Tai, and I couldn't return for ten days in heavy rain and snow. I thought of my parents and wrote Song of Liangshan. " (See Huai Nan Zi)
In 490 BC (the fifth year of Lu Aigong), 16-year-old Confucius once visited his teacher. He was diligent and studious, and got a biography of Confucius.
In 482 BC (13th year of Lu Aigong), Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius, died, and Zeng Shen became the main heir of Confucius' theory.
In 480 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu Aigong), Confucius called him and told him, "If you take part in it, I will pass through my path." Zeng Zi said, "Only the Lord is loyal and forgiving." Confucius personally awarded Zeng Shen the "University".
In 479 BC (the 16th year of Lu Aigong), Confucius was 27 years old. That year, Confucius died at the age of 73. Zeng Shen, if my father loses his clothes, he will guard the tomb of Confucius. On his deathbed, Confucius entrusted the thoughts of his grandson (the orphan of Kong Li) to Zeng Shen.
In 476 BC (19th year of Lu Aigong), Zeng Shen was thirty years old. After guarding the tomb for three years, Confucius disciples Xia Zi, Zi You and Zhang Zi thought that You Ruo looked like Confucius and wanted to treat You Ruo as Confucius, forcing Zeng Shen to agree. Zeng Shen refused to say, "This is necessary. Teachers' morality is like the washing of the Yangtze River, like the sunshine in autumn, pure and white, hard to see, how can it look casual? " (See "Mencius Teng Wengong")
In 475 BC (the twentieth year of Lu Aigong), Zeng Shen was thirty-one. When my father died, he took part in "Tears welled up, slurry was forbidden to enter for seven days", and later "I cried every time I mourned" (see Book of Rites).
Refused to enter the official career in 468 BC (Lu Aigong 27 years), he was 38 years old. Dr. Wucheng hired Zeng Shen as a visiting teacher and set up a teaching program in Wucheng.
In 456 BC (11th year of Lu Daogong), Zeng Shen was fifty years old. When Qi was hired to Xiang, Chu greeted the envoy Yin and greeted the above Qing, and should not be killed.
In 455 BC (the 12th year of Lu Daogong), Zeng Shen was 51 years old. In the 13th year of Lu Daogong (454 BC), he was 52 years old.
In 446 BC (the 21st year of Lu Daogong), Zeng Shen was sixty years old. With Xia Zi and Duanmu Hongliang in the Xihe area.
Lu died in 436 BC (thirty-one years in Lu Daogong) at the age of seventy. That year, Zeng Shen was sick and bedridden, so he called his apprentice to his side and said, lift the quilt and look at my feet and hands. Are they well preserved? My life is just like the book of songs: "I am afraid, like walking on an abyss, walking on thin ice." Be careful to protect yourself. From now on, I know my body can be protected from harm. Remember, children! Moreover, he told himself that there are three ways to be a gentleman: "It is far from violent to move by appearance, slow to move, positive color is close to faith, and words are far from despicable." Can I do these three things? Never forget to practice kung fu. ("The Analects of Confucius Taber")
In 435 BC (thirty-two years in Lu Daogong), Zeng Shen was seventy-one. One night, dying, I suddenly remembered that there was a mat under Zhang Huali, which was given to him by the doctor Lu. He thought that he had never been a doctor in his life and should not make a doctor's mat, so he asked his sons to change it. He died before the mat was laid, at the age of 7 1.
It is mainly to revise Ceng Zi's book "The University" and put forward three principles (be virtuous, be close to the people and stop at the best) and eight goals (be considerate, knowledgeable, honest, sincere, cultivate one's morality, keep the family in order, run the country and level the world). "If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, govern the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; If you want to be sincere, let him know first. Knowledge exists in things. Knowing things and then knowing, knowing and then being sincere; Honesty and then the heart is right, the heart is right and then the body is repaired, the body is repaired and then the family is neat, the family is neat and then the country is ruled, and the country is flat. " It constitutes a complete system of feudal ethics and political philosophy.
Man-made "Ceng Zi Tianyuan" points out:
"The essence of Yang refers to God, the essence of Yin refers to the spirit, and the spirit of God is the foundation of wealth. The qi of yin and yang, following its actions, is quiet. Deviation is wind, everything is snow, communication is electricity, chaos is fog, and calm is rain. If Yang wins, it will disperse into rain and dew; When Yin Qi won, it condensed into frost and snow. The exclusive gas of Yang is hail, and the exclusive gas of Yin is graupel. The embarrassing person is also a sigh of relief. " "Tianyuan, Ceng Zi" holds that caterpillars and feather worms are yang-qi metaplasia, while tree worms and scale worms are yin-qi metaplasia. People are born without feathers and scales, but they have the essence of yin and yang.
This clearly highlights people's position in the universe. This is the characteristic of Confucianism. "Ceng Zi's Book of Filial Piety" said: "Those who are born in heaven and raised in the earth are human." It is believed that man is the greatest between heaven and earth, and that "the nature of heaven and earth is precious" (The Book of Filial Piety). Xiao Dai Li Ji Li Yun said: "People are also delicate in the five elements." Xunzi inherited and developed this thought, and thought that man did not conform to and submit to nature, but actively transformed nature. "It is better to drop it from the sky than to control fate and use it" (Xuntian Zi Lun). Discovering and attaching importance to people's role is the essence of Confucianism.
Unscrupulous and powerful people are recorded in Biography of Korean Poems. He used to be an official in Ju for supporting his parents, and once held the official position of "getting millet and catching three things". Although he had political experience, he remained a Confucius-style intellectual image all his life. Its root lies in his ideological character, that is, keeping the ceremony and keeping the contract, bowing down to honor, and not associating with the powerful. He once declared: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement." "Benevolence is a human duty, isn't it as heavy? Isn't it far after death? " ("The Analects of Confucius Taber") "You can trust six-foot orphans, you can send a hundred miles of life, and the big festival cannot be taken away. Gentlemen and gentlemen? " ("The Analects of Confucius" and "Zhuangzi Jean Wang" record: "Living in Wei, the warm robe has no appearance, the color is swollen, the hands and feet are callused, and the fire is not raised for three days, and the clothes are not made for ten years. When you are crowned, you will never be crowned. When you are caught, you will see. When you are satisfied, you will make up your mind. Dragging "Ode to Shang", the sound is full of splendor. An emperor can't be a minister, and a vassal can't be a friend. Therefore, those who cultivate ambition forget their shape, those who cultivate their shape forget their benefits, and those who give up their way forget their hearts. " "Talking about Li Yuanjie" contains: "Ceng Zi put on his clothes to plow the fields, and Lu Jun sent people into the city." "Biography of Han Poetry" said, "Unluckily recruit relatives, Chu Yingjun Yin, Jin Yingjun Shang."
Ceng Zi image atlas Ceng Zi said: "loyal to the monarch, where is the basis of filial piety?" The dutiful son does not climb high, does not involve dangers and obstacles, and the joint pain is also dependent; Don't laugh, don't be meticulous, don't hide your life, don't mention it. Therefore, it is not in the middle. "
Ceng Zi said: "A gentleman's filial piety is loyal."
Ceng Zi said: "There are three kinds of filial piety: filial piety, followed by humiliation, and support."
Zeng Zi said, "I have heard the masters say,' Those who have not done it themselves will do it themselves, and they will lose it.'"
Zeng Zi said, "I heard all the scholars say,' Meng Zhuangzi's filial piety, his father's minister and his father's politics are hard to change. "
Ceng Zi said: "I save three times a day-is it cheating on people?" Don't believe in making friends? Can you get used to it? "
Zeng Zi said, "Birds will die, and their songs will be sad.": The dying man speaks the truth. Gentleman is more valuable than Tao: move by appearance, far away by violence; Positive color, close to letters; If you say it, you will be even more contemptible. " As for the water beans, we have to take care of them. "
Zeng Zi said, "If you can ask, ask; if you can't ask, ask; if you have something, you won't; if you do, you won't correct it. In the past, my friends tried to do business in Sri Lanka. "
Ceng Zi said: "A gentleman can't think about his position."
Ceng Zi said, "I'm quite impressed! It is difficult to reconcile. " Ceng Zi said: "You can entrust six-foot orphans, you can send a hundred miles of life, and the big festival can't be taken away." A gentleman is also a human being. "
Zeng Zi said, "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? " Not far from death. "
Zeng Zi said, "Be cautious in the end, and people's morality will return to thick."
Ceng Zi said: "A gentleman makes friends by writing, and helps benevolence by friends."
Confucius said, "Come on! My way is consistent. " Zeng Zi said, "Wei." When the child came out, the master asked, "What is it?" Ceng Zi said: "The master's way is loyalty and forgiveness." (The above is taken from The Analects of Confucius)
Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict." ("University")
Anecdotal allusions refer to Zhou Zengshen's sadness, character and mother's filial piety. You are in the paid mountain, and you have guests at home. Mother is at a loss, but if she doesn't return the ginseng, she is biting her finger. My heart ached suddenly and I came back with a negative salary. I knelt down and asked him why. Mother said, "I have an urgent visitor." I will bite my finger to achieve you. " (twenty-four filial piety)
Ceng Zi cooked Ceng Zi's wife, and his son cried. His mother said, "Give that woman back and kill her pig." When his wife came back from the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch a pig and kill it. His wife stopped him at once and said, "I'm just joking with my son." Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play. Babies must be wise, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents' teaching. Today's son deceives him, but also teaches him to bully him. The mother deceived her son, and the son became a teacher when he didn't believe in his mother. " So Ceng Zi cooked the pig for the baby. ("Everything is wrong, and the foreign reserves say left")
Ceng Zi is not in his seat "Ceng Zi is not in his seat" comes from The Book of Filial Piety, which is a very famous story. Ceng Zi is a disciple of Confucius. Once he sat next to Confucius, and Confucius asked him, "The king of the sages has supreme virtue, and he needs mysterious theories to teach people all over the world and make people live in harmony. There is no dissatisfaction between the monarch and the minister." Do you know what they are? " Hearing this, Ceng Zi understood that Confucius wanted to point out the deepest truth in his heart, so he immediately stood up from the mat where he was sitting, walked outside the mat and respectfully replied, "I'm not smart enough. How can I know?" Please ask the teacher to teach me these truths. "
Ceng Zi lives in Wei, and Ceng Zi lives in Wei. His robe has no watch, his color is swollen, and his hands and feet are calluses. Don't light the fire for three days, don't make clothes for ten years, be crowned, catch it when you carry it on your back, and then drag it to Ode to Shang, which sounds all over the sky. If it's a stone. An emperor can't be a minister, and a vassal can't be a friend. Therefore, those who cultivate records forget their form, those who cultivate their form forget their benefits, and those who teach the Tao forget their hearts. Zhuangzi.
Ceng Zi changed his seat, and Ceng Zi fell ill, and he was very ill. Le Zhengzi Chun is sitting under the bed, Zeng Yuan and Zeng Shen are sitting at the feet, and the boy is sitting in the corner holding a candle. The boy said, "China and Anhui, where are the doctors?" Zichun said, "Stop!" When Shenzi heard this, he suddenly said, "Hoo!" Say, "China, Anhui, where's the doctor?" "Of course, thanks to Ji Sun, I can't change it. Yuan! Get up, relax! " Zeng Yuan said, "Your master's illness has changed and cannot be changed. Fortunately, as for Dan, please respect it. " Ceng Zi said, "You love me more than me. A gentleman's love is also virtuous, and a fine lover is also tolerant. What can I ask? I am right, dead, I am already! " Easy to help. Reverse seat, it's not safe. ("The Book of Rites on Bows")
Ceng Zi didn't have Ceng Zi's clothes for the plough. Lu Jun sent people to the fief. Said, "Please use this to mend clothes." Ceng Zi has not been affected. Repeatedly, but not by. The messenger said, "sir, if you don't want others, they will give it." Why don't you laugh at it? " Ceng Zi said: "As soon as I heard about it, I was afraid of others, and I was proud of others, proud of others. If I am not arrogant, how can I be fearless? " I won't accept it. When Confucius heard this, he said, "The words of participation are enough for the whole festival." ("Said Li Yuanjie")
Ceng Zi returned to Ceng Zi to be an official, and his heart changed again. He said: "I take pleasure in being an official; After being an official, I will be sad for three thousand points and not die. " Disciple asked Zhong Ni, "If you participate, can you say that you have nothing to do with it?" He said, "Since we are in the county seat. Who has no county, can have sorrow? He watched three kettles for three thousand minutes, like watching birds, mosquitoes and flies. " Zhuangzi miscellaneous tablets
After the death of Confucius, he participated in lectures and had many disciples. According to legend, he is the founder of Confucius and Mencius. Zeng Shen's position as a disciple of Confucius was not high at first, and he was not among the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius". It was not until Yan Yuan shared Confucius that he was promoted to one of the "Ten Philosophers". During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was named "Bo". After the middle Tang Dynasty, with the rise of Mencius' position, Zeng Shen's position also rose step by step. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was named Hou of Wucheng, Qi Huangong in the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Huangong in the first year of Yuan to Shun, and Qi Huangong in the Ming Dynasty, ranking second only to Yan Yuan, who was restored as a saint.
Ceng Zi learned from Confucius, actively promoted and spread Confucianism. Confucius, the grandson of Confucius, learned from the public and taught it to Mencius. Therefore, Zeng Shen inherited Confucius' way and inspired Mencius School, which not only inherited Confucius' Confucianism, but also developed and made achievements. Zeng Shen is the main inheritor and disseminator of Confucius' theory and occupies an important position in Confucian culture. Zeng Shen finally entered the hall of great Confucianism with his achievements, and was called the five great saints together with Confucius, Yan Zi (Yan Hui), Zi Si and Mencius.
Ceng Zi is quiet, steady, cautious and humble, and is famous for his filial piety. Qi wanted to hire him as Qing, but resigned because he was filial to his parents at home. He once put forward the idea of "being cautious in the end (carefully handling parents' funerals), pursuing the future (sincerely remembering ancestors) and respecting people's virtue (paying attention to people's moral cultivation)". He also put forward the cultivation method of "I save myself three times a day" (The Analects of Confucius), that is, "Are you unfaithful to others? "Making friends is not credible? Can't you learn? "
For a long time, Zeng Shen's position in Confucianism has not been recognized by people. It was only after the Tang and Song Dynasties that some talents gradually realized the academic status of inheriting orthodoxy and enlightening Mencius School. The present situation of Zeng Shen's gifts and worship in past dynasties is as follows:
In April of the first year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 668), Tang Gaozong made Zeng Shen the Prince of Shaobao. This is the beginning of Zeng Shenguan.
In the first year of Taiji (AD 7 12), Tang Ruizong gave a gift to Prince Taibao, a former participant, to enjoy the Confucius Temple. This is the beginning of Zeng Shen's sharing
In the eighth year of Kaiyuan (AD 720), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty decided to accede to the throne, saying that "Ceng Zi was the second most filial piety among all the philosophers". In the same year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote Ceng Zi Zan.
In August of the 27th year of Kaiyuan (AD 739), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave Zeng Shen an uncle. This is the beginning of Zeng Shen's contribution to the title.
After the Five Dynasties, in the third year of Tang Changxing (AD 932), Tang was no longer a 21-year-old Confucian scholar, but was renamed a 71-year-old man of 72 years old, with a total of 82 people. Zeng Shen was named the position of seventy-two disciples, but it was actually "Wang Wenxuan Hall, surrounded by heroes". Chen Fu, salt and other things were offered to him every time a sacrifice was made.
In the first year of Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960), the courtiers were ordered to write to the counselor.
In May of the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 1009), Song Zhenzong Jin Zeng became a Qiu Hou. Due to the taboo of Confucius, in June of the first year of Zheng He (A.D.111), the autumn marquis was changed to Wu Chenghou.
In the 14th year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 144), the imperial edict of Song Gaozong "praised Ceng Zi".
In February of the third year of Xianchun (A.D. 1267), Song Duzong was promoted to lord protector as a sage, living in the west and facing the east. At this point, Yan, Zeng, Si and Meng are equal.
Yuan Chengzong played the national anthem for the first time in the Dade Decade of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1306). Guo Gong presented and played "Song of Cheng 'an" as appropriate.
The first contribution of Guo Gong Movement is: "Loyalty and forgiveness, consistency; Describe the university, eternal life teaches easy; Give me light and follow the smell; After Sheng Di, you should enjoy it. "
In the third year (A.D. 13 16), in July, Yuan Renzong issued a letter to the sages in the Spring and Autumn Period, with Yan Zi, Ceng Zi, Zi Sizi and Mencius as companions.
In July of the first year of Shunzhi (AD 1330), Yuan Wenzong was appointed as the monarch. This is the beginning of canonization.
In the second year of Shunzhi (A.D. 133 1), Yuan Wenzong established Yanzi Afu Gong Sheng, Ceng Zi Azong Gong Sheng, Zisizi Ashu Gong Sheng and Mencius Aya Gong Sheng. Life is a minister, books are a substitute, and people respect them.
In the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1382), Ming Taizu awarded the Festival of Dismissal. Before the four coordination, every sheep had a mouth, one, one, ten, one, ten, one, three, one, one, one and one. In the fourth year of Hongzhi (A.D. 149 1), officials of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty offered sacrifices to Zeng Shen and issued a memorial. In the year of Zheng Deyuan (A.D. 1506), Governor Zhao Huang and Governor Li Ji followed Hongzhi's example for four years, and appointed Ding Yousi in the Spring and Autumn Period to worship Zeng Shen's specialized temple. After Jiajing, Jiaxiang once went to a special temple. In February and August, Hanbo was the main sacrifice and local officials were the main sacrifices. Both the Ming and Qing dynasties followed the same principle. In the ninth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1530), the Ministry of Rites called ministers to discuss, and agreed that people regard saints as the most sacred, and saints regard Confucius as the most important. Song Zhenzong called Confucius the most holy, which means to be prepared. Today, it is suitable for Confucius' sacred title "Confucius, the most sacred teacher", and gets rid of his title of king and Dacheng Selected Works. Its four proper names are "Restoring the sage Yanzi", "Insisting on the sage Ceng Zi", "Thinking about the son of the sage" and "Mencius with an independent mind". In the 14th year of Jiajing (A.D. 1535), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty changed Zeng Shen to St. Ceng Zi and named Zeng Shen's wife Yang Gong as the first lady of the country.
In the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1689), on March 16th, the emperor of Qing Dynasty awarded the imperial system "Zongshengzan".
In the third year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1725), on the fifth day of August, Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty presented a monument to the temple, writing that "Taoism has always been circulated".
In the 13th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1748), on February 28th, he wrote Zongshengzan (on the stone tablet) and sent officials to worship Zeng Shen in Jiaxiang Zongsheng Temple.
In the 15th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1750), the sacrificial vessels of Duke Zhou and four saints, Fu, Zong, Shu and Ya, were awarded to the exhibition, and were made in Jiangnan by Tong Zhichen of Dongchangfu, a special commission of Shandong Governor. Zusheng Zengzi Temple: one, ten bars, ten bars, forty bars, eleven knights, five silk boxes (bamboo poles, wooden boxes, the rest are bronze); Zong Sheng: Jue San, Yi, Tie Er, Gui Er, Qian Ba, Xia Boyi; Two matches: one for each knight, one for tie, one for basket, four for basket, four for beans and one for silk box; Two: three altars, three crowns, three bolts, three strokes, twelve strokes, twelve beans and a box; The use of the Zongsheng Temple, the Qi Shengwang Temple and the two temples is adjustable.
On March 4th, the 21st year of Qianlong (A.D. 1756), March 7th, the 36th year (A.D. 177 1 year) and March 27th, the 41st year (A.D. 1776), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty also personally paid homage and sent officials to the temple.