Du Xianchun lived for ten years and died in July, leaving three underage sons: his son, the son of the Queen of England, and the son of 3-year-old Yu Xiurong, Zhao.
The Queen Mother summoned the ministers to discuss the establishment of the emperor. They thought they were born by Yang Guifei and should be emperors when they were old, but both Jia Sidao and Empress Xie advocated being emperors, so they made Zhao emperor to show their respect for the emperor. At this time, the Republic was still very young, so the Queen Mother loved politics too much, but the real power of the imperial court was still in the hands of Jia Sidao. During the reign of Li Zong and Du Zong, the demise of the Song Dynasty was irreversible. Less than two years after Gong ascended the throne, Song Ting surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Jison in the Song Dynasty was seized by Mao from the orphans and widows in the Zhou Dynasty and finally lost to them. Later generations wrote poems and quipped:
That day in Chen Qiaoyi, he cheated his widows and orphans.
But more than 300 years later, orphans and widows were also cheated.
Loneliness: the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty
When Zhao ascended the throne, the Song Dynasty was in turmoil. Mongolian fighters marched south in a big way, and the situation was out of control, and the rule of the Song Dynasty was paralyzed.
In September of the tenth year of Xianchun, the Yuan Army launched a general attack on the Southern Song Dynasty. In December, Ezhou led the troops, and the defenders of Hubei and Han led by Qingshanling defeated Songjiang, and Hanyang and Ezhou fell one after another. Some soldiers were left to guard Ezhou and led by themselves, and Lu, who was demoted by the Song Dynasty, continued to advance eastward. The defenders of the cities along the Yangtze River are mostly Lu's old army. Wherever the Yuan army went, these people defected in succession, and the Yuan army successfully broke through the Yangtze River defense line. In the spring of the first year of Deyou, he captured Anqing and Chizhou, two major military towns, and arrived at Healthy City.
After the fall of Ezhou, the Yangtze River defense line was opened, and a major earthquake occurred inside and outside the Southern Song Dynasty. All walks of life in Beijing pinned their hopes on Jia Sidao, calling on "teachers and officials" to make personal expedition, expecting him to "rebuild" like Li Zongchao. Jia Sidao had to set up a viceroy in Lin 'an to prepare for war. Liu Zheng, commander-in-chief of Meng Jun, turned out to be a general in the Song Dynasty. In the last few years of Li Zong's reign, Jia Sidao promoted the "planning method" among military commanders to exclude dissidents. Liu is persecuting his boss with "tricks" and forced to surrender to Mongolia. Jia Sidao is well aware of Zheng Liu's ability. I was afraid of Liu Zheng, so I didn't dare to send troops until Deyou's first month. After hearing the news of Liu Zheng's death, he said happily, "I must help God." I'm ready to go to war.
Jia Sidao dispatched more than 100,000 soldiers from all walks of life, loaded with countless gold, silk, armor and supplies, and even left Beijing with his wives and concubines. The battle lasted 100 miles. In February, I went to Wuhu to see Xia Gui. As soon as Xia Yi saw Jia Sidao, he pulled out a piece of paper from his sleeve, which read: "320 years of Song Dynasty." The implication is that the Song Dynasty lasted for nearly 320 years, and the country's potential has been exhausted. Don't get yourself killed for this. Jia Sidao nodded by default.
After Jia Sidao went to the front line, he led the rear troops into Lugang and ordered General Sun Huchen to enter Dingjiazhou in the lower reaches of Chizhou. Xia Gui led 3500 warships on the river. Jia Sidao knew well the bravery of the Mongolian army and dared not face it head-on. He also dreamed of leaving Qingyuan to make peace with Kublai Khan. Therefore, he ordered the release of prisoners in the Yuan Dynasty and sent litchi, oranges and other things to Bo Yan, hoping to win peace by becoming a vassal. But at this time, the goal of the Yuan Army was to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, and the greed of the Yuan Army was not satisfied, and the request for peace was flatly rejected. At war, the two armies broke through the two lines of defense of Sun Huchen and Xia Gui, and reached Lv Gang, which was a crushing defeat. There were many dead people, and the river turned red.
After Jia Sidao's defeat, he became the target of public criticism, and the government and people strongly demanded the execution of Jia Sidao. Empress Xie thinks that the industrious three generations of Jia Sidao should not lose the courtesy of treating ministers because of a once-in-a-lifetime crime, but just demote Jia Sidao as an envoy of Gaozhou, settle down in the country and confiscate his property. After Jia Sidao arrived in Zhangzhou, he was killed by Zheng Huchen, a prison officer in Kapok, ending his life of making mistakes in the country.
After the battle of Lugang, the troops in the Southern Song Dynasty suffered heavy losses and their morale was seriously frustrated. Bo Yan continues to descend along the Yangtze River. In October of the first year of Hou, Yuan Dajun advanced into Lin 'an in three ways. Bo Yan led the China army to attack Changzhou. Changzhou is located in the traffic artery and the gateway of Lin 'an, and its strategic position is very important. Bo Yan invested 200,000 troops here, while Yao Yin and Changzhou Chen Tongting fought bravely. Residents outside Bo Yan were forced to fill the moat with earth, or even pile materials with bulldozers. Finally, a dam was built around the city. 1 18 10/8, Yuan Army launched a general attack. Two days later, Changzhou was breached. The Yuan army carried out a brutal massacre, killing and injuring tens of thousands of people, and only a few survived. The Changzhou Massacre produced the deterrent effect that Mongolian invaders hoped for. Later, Yuan's army approached Pingjiang, and the defenders at Pingjiang surrendered without fighting.
With the approaching of Mongolian fighters, people in Lin 'an were in panic, and a large number of people tried to escape from the capital, especially the officials of the imperial court, who took the lead to escape to save their lives. Dozens of ministers, including Zeng Ziyuan, who is familiar with the Privy Council, fled overnight. Ni Pu, Weng He and others, who signed the Privy Council with him, secretly instructed the censor and admonisher to impeach themselves in order to escape after leaving office. They ran away before the review class began. Empress Xie severely condemned these disloyal ministers and wrote: "I have been treating literati with courtesy for more than 300 years since I was in Song Jianguo. Now I have suffered so much with the new king who succeeded to the throne, and you courtiers, big and small, have not called for saving this country. There are internal bureaucratic rebels, as well as local judges and county judges who abandon printing and lose the city. The Ministry couldn't correct the attack for me, and the ruling party No.23 couldn't advocate collective work, so it conspired inside and outside, and then fled overnight. What does the sage say on weekdays? But at this time, I made this move. What does it mean to face people? Why do you want to see the first emperor when you are dead! " However, under the threat of Mongolian soldiers, the queen mother's condemnation was pale and powerless, which could not arouse the confidence of domestic and foreign officials in fighting for the Song Dynasty. After a short truce in the first month of Deyou's second year, only six officials appeared in court. The flight of officials hit the morale of the military and civilians, making it impossible for the Song Dynasty to organize effective resistance, leaving the royal family in a helpless situation.
Jia Sidao made a mistake in his country and has been deported. At this time, if the court can cheer up and appoint a good minister, the situation may be reversed. However, at this time, the court made another serious mistake, that is, appointed Chen Wei as the prime minister. Under the auspices of Chen and Chen, the Song Dynasty finally fell into the abyss of eternal disaster. Chen is a duplicitous person, arrogant and overbearing. He is used to making high-profile remarks and condemning any compromise and concession. Jia Sidao quoted Chen, but after Jia Sidao failed, he took the lead in executing Jia Sidao to improve his reputation, and he was not ashamed. The former Commander-in-Chief of the Temple Army ordered Han Zhen to propose to move the capital. He tricked him into going to his own house and killed him without permission.
For a long time, Chen gained power and prestige through this grandstanding performance and rhetoric, but in fact he was an indecisive coward and claimed to be an anti-Japanese hero. At the turn of the spring and summer of the first year, the war was in full swing, and he was invited by the ruling and opposition parties to supervise the war, but he hesitated and refused to go out of the city. Obviously, you can't risk your life for Song. In July, he left Lin 'an and fled to the southern coastal area far from the front line, asking the court to arrange his position in this area. He refused the imperial court's order to let him return to North Korea, so the Queen Mother wrote a letter to her mother. With the intervention of his mother, Chen returned to work in the capital. Thai students strongly criticized Chen's escape, accusing him of being timid, an exaggerated two-faced man and a minister of a wrong country like Jia Sidao.
When Chen was in power, he was indecisive and wavered between peace and war. He shouted all kinds of rhetoric verbally, but in fact he was timid and didn't have the courage and talent to fight to the death with the Yuan Army. At the end of the first year of Dehou, under his leadership, the situation became more and more unfavorable to the Song Dynasty, and there was no room for manoeuvre except complete surrender. Wen Tianxiang and Zhang Shijie proposed to move their capital to the southeast to protect the last battle. Timid Chen refused the suggestion and made peace. On the 18th day of the first month of the second year of Youde, Yang Yingkui, a poor minister of Queen Xie, wrote to Yuan, asking Tiande to be lenient with the Song royal family. The Yuan Dynasty asked for an interview with the Prime Minister. Chen was frightened by this request, abandoned the queen mother and the little emperor again, and fled Lin 'an overnight.
After Chen escaped, Mongolian fighters rode Enemy at the Gates, and the situation was irreversible. Thank the Queen Mother for appointing Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister. Ambassador Tang negotiated with Mongolian military camp. Wen Tianxiang and Lin Biao were detained, and Empress Xie sent them to the embassy.
On February 5th, the surrender ceremony was held in Lin 'an City, and Zhao officially abdicated. On March 2, Bo Yan entered Lin 'an as a winner. Yuan Shizu issued a decree requiring Bo Yan to send the monarchs and officials of the Song Dynasty to Dadu. Zhaotong's mother Shi Quan and several followers left Lin 'an and embarked on a journey to the metropolis. Queen Xie was unable to make the trip due to illness, but soon she also set off for the north under the pressure of the Yuan Army. At this point, the Zhao and Song Dynasties, which lasted nearly 320 years, officially ended.