196265438+1October1From February 7th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged working meeting in Beijing. More than 7,000 responsible cadres of the Central Committee, Central Bureaux, Party committees, prefectural and county committees of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, as well as important factories, mines, enterprises and troops attended the meeting (hence the name "7,000-person meeting"). The main purpose of this meeting is to sum up experience, unify understanding, strengthen the party's democratic centralism, and conscientiously implement the policy of adjusting the national economy. At the meeting, Liu Shaoqi made a written report and speech on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, preliminarily summarized the basic experience and lessons of socialist construction since 1958, and analyzed the main shortcomings and mistakes in the work in recent years. The speech pointed out: in addition to the agricultural failure caused by natural disasters, "there is another reason, which is the shortcomings and mistakes in our work since 1958." The report pointed out that the main task of the whole party at present is to do a good job of adjustment in a down-to-earth and energetic manner, and that "1962 is the most crucial year for national economic adjustment" and "we must pay close attention to it". Speaking at the meeting, Mao Zedong stressed the need to improve the Party's democratic centralism and deepen the understanding of the laws of socialist construction on the basis of summing up both positive and negative experiences. He made self-criticism in his speech. The congress carried forward democracy, carried out criticism and self-criticism, and stressed the need to restore the party's fine style of seeking truth from facts and the mass line, improve the democratic life within the party, and strengthen centralization and unity. The differences between the central leadership core have not been resolved, but they have played a positive role in unifying the understanding of the whole party's resolute implementation of the "eight-character policy" and promoting the recovery and development of the national economy.

From February 2/KLOC-0 to February 23, Liu Shaoqi hosted an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau in Beijing (Mao Zedong didn't attend in other places) to discuss the national budget economic situation in 1962. The meeting analyzed the decline of agricultural production, market tension, high prices, inflation and the existence of a large number of fiscal deficits in the country at that time, and held that the financial and economic situation in China was in a very difficult period, and it was necessary to determine a period of adjustment and recovery and comprehensively adjust the national economy based on agriculture. At the meeting, Chen Yun made a speech entitled "Current Financial and Economic Situation and Several Ways to Overcome Difficulties", which was unanimously endorsed by other Standing Committee members. With the consent of Mao Zedong, the speech was distributed to all regions and departments on March 6th, 2008. /kloc-in April of 0/9, the central government decided that Chen Yun would be the head of the central financial and economic team, in charge of financial and economic work.

On March 7th, Chen Yun delivered a speech on the planning work at the meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Group, saying that the management of the annual plan should first arrange agriculture and markets, which is a big issue related to the life of urban people and should become an important policy of the country. To adjust this year's plan, we should prepare indicators for heavy industry and capital construction, and don't just think about steel. We should make overall arrangements on the basis of comprehensive balance.

From March 27th to April16th, the third session of the Second National People's Congress was held in Beijing. Premier Zhou Enlai made a government work report on behalf of the State Council. The report examines the shortcomings and mistakes in policy work since the Great Leap Forward, summarizes the experience and lessons of United front work in recent years, fully affirms the political and ideological progress of intellectuals and the national bourgeoisie, and emphasizes the importance of uniting them to work together. He once again pointed out that the vast majority of intellectuals already belong to the intellectuals of the working people and should not be regarded as bourgeois intellectuals; The vast majority of the national bourgeoisie has made progress in socialist transformation, and some of them have been transformed into laborers. The report also pointed out that the general trend of class struggle in China is wave-like, but it is wrong to think that class struggle has ended or can end in a short time as long as it develops in a moderate direction. Similarly, it is wrong to think that class struggle is not developing in the direction of easing, but is constantly intensifying. Zhou Enlai's words aroused enthusiastic response from Democrats and intellectuals at that time.

From May 7th to 1 1, the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Communist Party of China (PSC) held a working meeting in Beijing to discuss the report of the Central Financial and Economic Group on discussing the adjustment plan of 1962. The meeting was presided over by Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai and Zhu De made speeches. The meeting correctly analyzed the financial and economic situation, made a major decision to comprehensively implement the "eight-character policy" and substantially adjust the national economy, and demanded that the national economy be comprehensively balanced in the order of agriculture, light and heavy. To this end, the meeting decided to further shorten the industrial production and construction front, greatly reduce the number of workers and urban population, effectively strengthen the agricultural front, increase agricultural production and daily necessities production, ensure market supply, stop inflation and a series of decisive measures to adjust the national economy. Immediately after the meeting, it was quickly implemented: the infrastructure investment decreased from 654.38+096.1233 billion yuan in 0 to 654.38+6.76 billion yuan in 0962. If necessary, the industrial front line should be closed and closed; The reduction of state-owned industrial enterprises 196 1 year or more. This year 10-August, the number of employees decreased by 8.5 million, and the urban population decreased by100000. In order to realize the policy of "balance in the current year with slight withdrawal" put forward by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the beginning of 1962, in addition to strengthening bank credit and financial management, some commodities were also sold at high prices.

On July 9th and June 1 1, Deng Zihui gave a report on agricultural issues at the Central Party School. Prior to this, he also made a report on the same issue in the General Logistics Department of the Military Commission and other units. In his report, he advocated the establishment of strict production responsibility system, the implementation of team (production team) contracted production, group contracted operation, field management contracted to households; For some special technical activities, individual responsibility system can be implemented to reward overproduction. Deng Zihui's opinion was endorsed by many leading comrades, but it was regarded as "going it alone" at the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee and was wrongly criticized.

From September 24th to 27th, the 10th plenary session of the 8th Central Committee of China was held in Beijing. Prior to this, a one-month central working conference was held in Beidaihe, and then a one-month preparatory meeting was held in Beijing to prepare for the convening of the Tenth Plenary Session. Mao Zedong made a speech on class, situation, contradictions and inner-party unity at the Tenth Plenary Session, and made an expanded and absolute exposition on the class struggle that still exists in a certain range of socialist society, asserting that the bourgeoisie will exist throughout the historical stage of socialism and is in danger of capitalist restoration. He also pointed out that class struggle must be talked about every year, every month and every day. He also wrongly criticized the so-called "single-handedly" (referring to the household quota) and "reversing the verdict", and severely criticized the so-called "dark wind" (that is, the viewpoint of fully estimating the serious difficult situation at that time). This speech marks the serious development of "Left" errors in political thought. The Tenth Plenary Session continued to adhere to the policy of adjusting the national economy. The meeting pointed out that at present, the urgent task for the people of the whole country is to implement the general policy of developing the national economy based on agriculture and led by industry, give priority to the development of agriculture, and resolutely shift the work of industrial departments to the track based on agriculture. Mao Zedong accepted the suggestions of Liu Shaoqi and others and put forward: "Don't relax economic work because of emphasizing class struggle, but put work first". In this way, after the plenary session, the economic adjustment work can basically continue as planned.

The purpose of the meeting is to sum up experience, unify understanding, strengthen unity, strengthen democracy and legal system, and earnestly do a good job in the "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" of the national economy.