Kang Huan's family became a criminal and was not an aristocratic family in the Western Jin Dynasty. After Huan Yi crossed the South, he made friends with celebrities and became one of the most famous figures in China, "making contributions". He had conspired with Ming Di to pacify the Wang Dun Rebellion, which made the family status rise. Huan Wen, the eldest son of Huan Yi, was praised by Wen Qiao when he was less than one year old, so he was named Wen.
In the third year of Xianhe (328), Huan Yi was killed by rebel general Han Huang in the Soviet rebellion, and jiang bo, the magistrate of Jingxian County, also participated in the planning. At that time, Huan Wen was only fifteen years old, and he bled and vowed to avenge his father. In the sixth year of Xianhe (33 1), jiang bo died. His son Jiang Biao and three other brothers are mourning for their father. Afraid that Huan Wen would seek revenge, they prepared weapons in the funeral room in advance, just in case something happened. Huan Wen pretended to be a clothes hanger, sneaked into the funeral parlour, stabbed Jiang Biao with his hand, and killed his second brother, and finally avenged his father, which was praised by people at that time.
Huan Wen is generous, dignified and elegant. After marrying Nankang princess royal, he took Xu as a captain, and his father was from Wanning County. In the first year of Xiankang (335), Huan Wen was the literature and history of Langya (equivalent to the satrap). Later, Canadian and Guo Fu generals.
In July of the first year of Jianyuan in Jingzhou (343), the imperial court took Huan Wen as the pioneer, and made him lead the troops to guard Linhuai (now Xuyi, Jiangsu) and assist Jingzhou in the northern expedition. In October of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to Xuzhou Secretariat, in charge of military affairs in the three states of Qing Xu Yan. He became friends with Yu Yi and once agreed to help the world together.
In the first year of Yonghe (345), Yu Yi died. On his deathbed, he asked his son Yu Kui to take over Jingzhou, but assistant minister He Chong recommended Huan Wen. Danyang thinks that Huan Wen does have a genius, but he also has ambition, so he can't master Jingzhou. He suggested that Sima Yi, king of Huiji, lead Jingzhou by himself, but Sima Yi refused to adopt it. In August of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to general Anxi, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and was appointed as commander-in-chief of Beijing Division Yongyi, the military department of six states in Liang Ning, and took care of a captain of Na Man, thus mastering the relieving power in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Be in charge of pacifying Shu
After Huan Wen left Jingzhou, he planned to attack the Chenghan regime which occupied Bashu in the west, in order to establish meritorious service. At that time, Cheng Han was declining and Shili was more dissolute. Qiao Yuan, the Prime Minister of Jiangxia, deeply agreed with this, and suggested that Huan Wen lead 10,000 chosen men to travel light and take Chengdu directly. At the same time, it is believed that the northern post-Zhao regime did not dare to take the opportunity to invade, so as to dispel Huan Wen's concerns. Huan Wen decided to cut Shu.
In November, the second year of Yonghe (346), Huan Wen went to the imperial court and requested to cut Shu. Without waiting for the imperial court to reply, he led the army to the west with general Zhou Fu of Lu and general Sima Wuji of the auxiliary countries. He ordered Qiao Yuan to lead 2000 men as forwards. When the imperial court learned of it, it was worried that he had too few troops and went deep into the remote and dangerous Shu area, fearing that he would eventually be defeated. Only Liu thinks that Huan Wen will destroy Shu. In February of the third year of Yonghe (347), Huan Wen arrived in Tsing Yi (now a famous mountain in Sichuan). Shi Li ordered general Li Fook wo Zanjian to lead an army to Heshui to resist the 8 Jin Army. The generals of the Han army wanted to ambush in Jiangnan, but in short, they crossed the river from Yuanyang Banner in Jiangbei and marched into Qianwei (now Pengshan, Sichuan). As a result, he took a different direction from 8 jin j.. In March of the same year, Huan Wen went to Pengmo (now southeast of Pengshan, Sichuan), leaving Zhou Chu and Sun Shengshou behind, and led the infantry to Chengdu. Li Fu led his troops back to attack Pengmo and was repelled by others. On the other hand, Huan Wen defeated Li Quan and other Han troops and advanced to the gates of Chengdu.
Qi Jian arrived in Qianwei, but he didn't meet 8 jin j. He crossed the river from Shatoujin (now Xinjinnan, Sichuan) and returned to the army, only to learn that the Jin army had attacked ten miles outside Chengdu and was defeated without a fight. Shi Li had to gather all his troops to fight the Jin Army on the street bridge outside Chengdu. At that time, the situation was very tragic. Jin Qianfeng lost and died in the army. The arrow of the Han army even hit Huan Wen's horse. All the generals were afraid and wanted to retreat. At this time, the drummer beat the drum by mistake. Qiao Yuan took the opportunity to urge the sergeant to fight, and finally turned defeat into victory, defeating the Han army. Huan Wen attacked Chengdu and burned down the town. Shi Li fled 90 miles by night and finally decided to surrender. Huan Wen accepted the surrender and sent Shi Li to Jiankang. Han Cheng's regime was thus destroyed.
After Huan Wen's death, he introduced Ren Xian to the local area for his own use. Cheng Han's old ministers, Wang Yu, Deng Ding, Chang Qu and others were ordered to join the army and pacify Shu. However, Wang Shi and Deng Ding soon rebelled and were eventually razed to the ground by the Jin Army. Huan Wen stayed in Shu for a month, then moved to Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei). In the fourth year of Yonghe (348), the imperial court conferred the title, and wanted to make Huan Wen a county magistrate, but was stopped by Prime Minister Zuo Xun. In the end, Huan Wen was named General of the Western Expedition, the Third Division of Kaifu Yitong and the Duke of He Lin.
Forcibly abolish Yin Hao
The Battle of Pingshu made Huan Wen famous, and the imperial court was terrified that he would be difficult to control in the future. In order to contain Huan Wen, Sima Yu, the king of Huiji, had to let Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, participate in politics. Although Huan Wen was dissatisfied, he was not worried, because he knew Yin Hao well and knew that he could do nothing. At that time, there were eight states under Huan Wen's rule, recruiting and allocating resources by themselves, gradually forming a semi-independent state and gradually showing the heart of disobedience. The imperial court has been unable to recruit him as expected, just trying to imprison him. Because there is nothing in the country, the monarch and the minister can still live in peace.
In the fifth year of Yonghe (349), the late Zhao Emperor Shi Hu died of illness, and the situation in the north was in chaos. Huan Wen immediately wrote to the court to request the Northern Expedition, but he never got an answer. In December of the 7th year of Yonghe (35 1), Huan Wen once again "bowed his head and walked", leading 50,000 troops down the river to Wuchang (now Sun Yicheng, Hubei). The court was in a state of panic, and Yin Hao also planned to resign and withdraw. Sima Yi personally wrote to Huan Wen and tried to dissuade him. Finally, Huan Wen led the army back to Jingzhou. Later, the court worshipped Huan Wen as Qiu, which was rejected by Huan Wen.
In the following two years, Yin Hao made several northern expeditions, trying to enter Luoyang and repair the garden tombs, but failed repeatedly. The looting of military supplies is anathema to the ruling and opposition parties. In the first month of the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen played in the imperial court and listed Yin Hao's crimes, forcing the imperial court to abolish Yin Hao as Shu Ren. From then on, the power inside and outside the imperial court belonged to Huan Wen, and no one in the DPRK could stop Huan Wen's Northern Expedition.
Three Northern Expeditions and One Pre-Qin Expedition
In February of the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen led an army to the Northern Expedition of the former Qin Dynasty. He led 40,000 troops from Jiangling, from Xiangyang to Junkou by waterway (now west of Hubei counties), and then from Xichuan (now east of Xichuan in Henan) (now southeast of Fengdan in Shaanxi) to Wuguan. At the same time, the Liangzhou secretariat Sima Xun was ordered to go out at noon and attack Qin Jun. After several bloody battles, 8 Jin J captured the former Qin general Guo Jing alive, repelled the king of Huainan and successfully entered the customs. Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor, ordered generals such as Fu Xiong and Fu Jing to station 50,000 troops in Liu (now northwest of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province) to stop the 8 Jin Army.
In April of the same year, Huan Wen moved to Bashang (now east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province). Qin Jun and other departments retreated to the south of Chang 'an, and Fu Jian led the troops to stick to the inner city with 6,000 troops, and nearby counties went south one after another. Huan Wen comforted the people, enabling them to live and return to work. Guanzhong people greeted them with cows and wine along the road, and many old people cried their voices: "I didn't expect to see the official army again today!" "
When Huan Wen entered Guanzhong, it was the wheat harvest season, and he planned to harvest wheat on the spot to solve the problem of rations, so he stopped. Fu Jian heard that 8 jin j grain harvest, guess constant temperature army grain shortage, so take the method of clearing the field, make 8 jin j food supply is unsustainable. In June, Huan Wen was forced to withdraw to Jiangling and moved away with more than 3,000 households in Guanzhong. So he tried to chase, and the Jin army was defeated, causing heavy casualties.
During Huan Wen's Northern Expedition, Wang Meng, who lived in seclusion in Guanzhong, came to visit and talked about timely affairs. He is like no one's watching, and he is deeply appreciated by Huan Wen. When Huan Wen retreated, he invited Wang Meng to go south together and appointed him as a senior official. But Wang Meng refused to follow and stayed in the north.
Yao Xiang's second feeling
In February of the 12th year of Yonghe (356), Huan Wen went to the table several times, requesting the court to move the capital to Luoyang and restore the garden mausoleum, but none of them got the consent of the court. Soon, the court made Huan Wen the viceroy, and the viceroy department and the army of Jizhou were responsible for the conquest. In July, Huan Wen sent troops to the Northern Expedition again from Jiangling, and ordered the commander-in-chief to protect Gao Wu and defend Luyang (now Lushan, Henan). Dai Shitun, the general of the auxiliary country, was stationed on the river and advanced on Xuchang and Luoyang. At the same time, the imperial court was invited to send troops to Huai and Si and join the Yellow River to fight.
In August of the same year, Huan Wen soldiers arrived in Yishui (now south of Luoyang). Yao Xiang, the leader of Qiang nationality, is besieging Luoyang. Hearing of Huan Wen's attack, he retreated and fought in Yishui North. Huan Wen personally put on armor, bid, and ordered the Jin army to March in. Finally, Yao Xiang was defeated and Luoyang was recovered. He entered Jinyong City, paid a visit to the mausoleum of the first emperor, and set up a mausoleum ambassador to repair the mausoleum. Soon, Huan Wen sent troops south and moved more than 3,000 defectors south to the Yangtze River and Hanshui River.
After Huan Wen returned to Jingzhou, he ordered the Ministry to suppress the savage thief Lu Wen and the demon thief Li Hong, and sent his head to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). But at the same time, the recovered Li Si, Yuzhou, Qingzhou and Yanzhou fell again. In the fourth year of Shengping (360), the imperial court made Huan Wen the Duke of Nanjun, and reduced his original title of Helin County to the Duke of Nanjun, and gave it to his second son Huan Ji.
Move a town aunt
In the first year of Longhe (362), the former Yan general Land Rover attacked Luoyang. Dai, the prefect of Henan Province, abandoned the city and fled, and the messenger of Pai Cheng, the top scholar general, came urgently. In May, Huan Wen sent Deng Ya, the satrap of Jingling, to lead 3,000 people to assist in guarding the city, once again requested to move the capital to Luoyang, and suggested that all the Jiangnan exiles moved northward after the Yongjia Rebellion to enrich the land of Henan, which was rejected by the court. Later, on the grounds that Jiaozhou and Guangzhou were remote, the imperial court removed Huan Wen from their posts as viceroy of Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, and granted them the posts of viceroy to take charge of the military affairs of the three countries. Huan Wen declined the above list.
In the first year of Xingning (363), the imperial court appointed Huan Wen as assistant minister, Fu, commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs, and gave him the position of advocating Yu Bao. In the second year (364), Huan Wen led a navy division to Hefei to prepare for the Northern Expedition. In May, the court appointed Huan Wen as a shepherd, and recorded the history of Yangzhou, and sent Zhong You to announce that he would participate in politics in the DPRK. Huan Wen refused on the grounds that the Central Plains had not been restored. The imperial court forbade Huan Wen to enter the DPRK again, but when Huan Wen entered the DPRK (now Fanchang West, Anhui Province), ministers came to stop him. Huan Wen then stationed in Zheqi, resigned as a clerk, and was only in charge of Yangzhou animal husbandry.
In the third year of Xingning (365), he attacked Luoyang again and Chen fled. When Sima Yu learned of this, he met Huan Wen in Zhou Huan (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and ordered him to move to Dangtu, Anhui Province, ready for conquest, but he finally gave up because of the death of Emperor Ai of Jin. In the third year of Taihe (368), Huan Wen was given a special gift, ranking above the princes. So he stationed in the garrison, resigned from his post of recording the history, and only wanted to lead Yangzhou shepherd from a long distance.
Sanche Yan Qian
In March of the fourth year of Taihe (369), Xu Yanzhou wrote to Huan Wen, expressing his willingness to assist the royal family with him and requesting to lead the troops out of the river. At that time, the northern government soldiers were brave, and Huan Wen didn't want Xi to master the important town of Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Chi Chao, the son of Xi, joined the army for Huan Wen, secretly destroyed the original letter and forged it in the name of his father, claiming to be an old disease. Please have a rest. Huan Wen took advantage of the opportunity of changing Xi's records into literature and history, led Xu Yanzhou's secretariat, and merged Xi's army. In April of the same year, Huan Wen led an army of 50,000 troops to the northern expedition to Yan Qian with Jiangzhou secretariat Huan Chong and Yuzhou secretariat Yuan Zhen. He led the army to attack the lake and land, captured Murong Zhong, the general of Yan State, and advanced on Jinxiang. At that time, there was a drought, and the waterway was impassable. So Huan Wen had people dig a three-hundred-mile waterway in Juye to let ships enter the Yellow River from clear water. Chi Chao suggested that Huan Wen lead the whole army to attack Yecheng, the former capital of Yan State, or stick to the river, control grain transportation, and keep the grain until next summer. He thinks that if we don't make a quick decision, when the war drags on to autumn and winter, it will be more difficult to maintain the Jin Army under the objective conditions of reducing water and cooling down in advance in the north. But Huan Wen wouldn't listen.
In July, General Yan Guo and Fu Mobo led 80,000 troops to resist 8 Jin Army, and the two armies confronted each other in Fangtou (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). Huan Wen ordered Yuan Zhen to attack Qiaocheng and Liang and open Shimen Waterway. However, Yuan Zhen never opened the Shimen, and eventually the rations of 8 Jin Army ran out. In September, Huan Wen burned warships and withdrew. Mu Rongchui led 8,000 cavalry to pursue, and fought with 8 Jin Army in Xiangyi (now Suixian West, Henan Province). Huan Wen suffered a crushing defeat, with 30,000 casualties.
Seize Shouchun in his later years.
After Huan Wen's defeat, he retreated to Yang Shan (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province), collected skirmishers and entrusted Yuan Zhen with the crime of defeat. He went to the imperial court and asked Yuan Zhen to be Shu Ren. Yuan Zhen refused to accept it. According to Shouchun (now southwest of Shouxian County, Anhui Province), he rebelled and colluded with Qian Qin and Qian Qin. Not only did the imperial court dare not investigate the responsibility of Huan Wen's defeat, but it also ordered his servant Lohan to treat Huan Wen with ox wine in Yang Shan, and appointed his son Huan Xi as the secretariat of Yuzhou. Later, Huan Wen moved to Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu).
In February of the fifth year of Taihe (370), Yuan Zhen died of illness, and the auxiliary departments made their son Jin Yuan the secretariat of Yuzhou. , Qin both arise and save, Huan Wen Zhu Yao, led the troops to play. Yan Jun went ahead and fought Zhu Yao in Wuqiu (now southeast of Shenqiu, Henan Province), and the result was a big defeat. In August of the same year, Huan Wen led twenty thousand troops to capture Shouchun and built a long siege. Jin Yuan had to stick to Baby City.
In the sixth year of Taihe (37 1), Wang Jian, a former Qin general, led the troops to rescue him, but was defeated by Huan Yi and Huan Shiqian (nephew of Huan Wen), the Ministry of Huan Wen. Soon, Huan Wen broke Shouchun, captured Jin Yuan alive, and sent Jin Yuan, Zhu Fu and dozens of their clans to Jiankang for beheading. Jin Yuan's wife and daughter were rewarded to soldiers, and hundreds of begging soldiers were buried alive. From then on, Yuzhou completely fell into the hands of Huan Wen. Huan Wen has mastered the key to health.
Abolish the emperor and bully.
Huan Wen is conceited and talented, and has long cherished different ambitions. So he launched the Northern Expedition, hoping to make meritorious deeds first, and then return to the DPRK to accept Jiuxi, so as to seize power. However, due to the failure of the third Northern Expedition, the reputation was greatly reduced and the plot failed. After the Battle of Shouchun, Huan Wen once asked Chi Chao: "Can this victory be reported as the defeat of an army?" Yunchao said no, and suggested that Huan Wen should follow the example of Yi Yin and Huo Guang, abolish the emperor and re-establish authority. Huan Wen decided to depose the emperor Sima Yi.
In November of the 6th year of Taihe (37 1), Huan Wen led troops into the DPRK, threatening Empress Chu to abolish Sima Yi's throne. He lied that Sima Yi was infertile because of impotence, and let his minions Xiang Long, Ji Hao, Zhu and others have an affair with the harem beauty. His three sons will pretend to be princes and build stores as kings. Empress Chu had to summon courtiers and depose Sima Yi as the king of the East China Sea. Then, Huan Wen personally led hundreds of officials to Huiji Wang Di, welcomed Sima Yi into the palace, and made him emperor for the sake of Jin Jian Wendi and Yuan Xian 'an.
The Jin Dynasty was established more than 100 years ago and has never been abolished. Huan Wen's act of abolishing legislation not only made officials shudder, but also made them nervous. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, did not agree with this. He said: "Huan Wen was defeated by Pakistani businessmen before, and now it is defeated by Fangtou, which has hit the national army twice in fifteen years. Instead of reflecting on his mistakes, he apologized to the people and even deposed the monarch. How can a 60-year-old man tolerate himself in the world if he acts like this? "
Destroy dissidents
After the abolition of Huan Wen, the alien forces in North Korea were greatly abolished.
Sima Wu, the king of Wuling, is skilled in martial arts and occupies an important position in the DPRK, which is always taboo for Huan Wen. Huan Wen impeached Sima on the grounds of "concentrating on the wild and hiding in the bud", dismissed Sima Zong and Sima Xie, the father and son of Sima, and sent them back to the fief. Later, Huan Wen forced Sima Huang, the new Cai king, to surrender, saying that he conspired with Sima, Sima Zong, Zhu Zuolang Yin Juan, Taizai Chang Shi Yu Qian, Sanqi Chang Shi Shi Yu Rou and others to pay Tingwei to them, so please punish them. Jian Wendi forbids it. In the end, Sima and Sima Huang were abolished as Shu Ren, while Yin Juan, Yu Qian and Yu Rou were all ruled by clans.
The Yu family in Yingchuan is a powerful aristocratic family. Yu, Yu Qian and other six brothers are all powerful people in the DPRK, and they are deeply taboo by Huan Wen. After Yu Qian was punished, he killed himself by drinking poison to quench his thirst, and Yu, his brother and son fled to Maling (now Taizhou, Jiangsu) when they were young. Wu Shen, the secretariat of Qingzhou, is Yuxi's cousin and secretly supplies him with food. Yu Youren interceded because his daughter-in-law, Huan Shi, was Huan Wen's niece, and was finally spared.
In the second year of Xian 'an (372), Huan Wen learned of the trail of Yuxi brothers and sent troops to search for them. Yu Xisui and Chun Wu, the son of Wu Shen, gathered at the seaside to hijack the ship, broke into the Jingkou by night and drove Bian Dan, the satrap of Jinling, away. They opened the prison, released hundreds of prisoners, distributed weapons and announced that they were ordered to get rid of Huan Wen. Bian Dan fled to Qu 'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu) and recruited 2000 soldiers from various counties and townships to fight Yuxi. Yuxi was defeated and retreated to the city. Huan Wen also ordered the East China Sea satrap Zhou to conquer. Zhou Sunshao conquered Jingkou and captured Yuxi and others. Finally, Yu, Yu's sons and nephews and everyone else were beheaded in Jiankang.
In addition to his death, Huan Wen was in full swing. When the servant Xie An saw him, he bowed at a distance and even called him their relationship. Although Jian Wendi became emperor, he was just a puppet. He often worried about being deposed by Huan Wen, and even asked whether Chi Chao and Huan Wen would be deposed again. Chi Chao assured his family that there would be no more coup, and Jian Wendi breathed a sigh of relief.
Refuse to enter North Korea
Shortly after Jian Wendi succeeded to the throne, he made Huan Wen the prime minister and left him in the capital to assist the government. Huan Wen refused to accept his resignation and led his army back to Baishi (now Dangtu West, Anhui Province). Later, the servant Wang was sent to woo Huan Wen, asking him to join the auxiliary government of North Korea and increase the number of households in the city. Huan Wen refused again.
In July of the second year of Xian 'an (372), Jian Wendi was seriously ill. He called Huan Wen back to Korea and sent four letters a day and a night. Huan Wen still refuses to enter the DPRK. Jian Wendi had to pass the testamentary edict, let Huan Wen regent, follow the example of Duke Zhou. However, according to the old example of Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao, the Fuzheng King advocated changing the "Regent King" in the testamentary edict to "Fuzheng". Jian Wendi will die soon. Huan Wen thought that when Jian Wendi died, he would give himself a Zen position or become a regent, but now he is disappointed and resentful.
After Jian Wendi's death, ministers were afraid of Huan Wen and dared not establish a prince. They all think that Huan Wen should decide. Wang Biao was strongly opposed by his ministers, and Prince Sima Yao succeeded to the throne because of his filial piety to Emperor Wu. Empress Chu thought that Emperor Xiaowu was young and in mourning, and once again proposed that Huan Wen should be regent, but Wang Biao stopped her. Later, Emperor Xiaowu appointed Xie Suihuan Wen as an assistant minister and encouraged him to give sixty people to Wu Ben. Huan Wen still resigned, neither accepting nor entering the DPRK.
He died of a serious illness. In February of the first year of Kangning (373), Huan Wen marched into Korea and paid homage to the imperial tomb. At that time, there were rumors in Beijing that he would come to Beijing to overthrow Xie Wang and the rulers. The court ordered Xie An and Wang to lead hundreds of officials to the new pavilion (now Nanjing West) to meet the enemy, and they bowed by the roadside. I panicked in the middle of the court. However, Huan Wen only took "Lu Quan entered the palace" as an example to levy Tingwei on Prime Minister Lu Shi. Soon, Huan Wen fell ill and went back to her aunt. He only stayed in Beijing for fourteen days.
After Huan Wen returned to her aunt, her condition became more and more serious, but she still forced the court to give her nine tin, and sent someone to urge her many times. Xie An and Wang Jian Huan Wen were seriously ill, so they ordered him to revise the tin written on the grounds that it was not good to delay. In July of the same year, Aunt Huan Wen died at the age of 62. So far, Wen Xi has not finished. The imperial court posthumously awarded Huan Wen as Prime Minister, and posthumous title Xuanwu. According to Anping's old practice of offering Sima Fu and Huo Guang as kings, the funeral also presented nine treasures, including a phoenix and a yellow house.
After Huan Wen's death, he handed over the relieving to his younger brother Huan Chong, and Nanjun was sealed by his youngest son Huan Xuan. Prince Huan Xi refused to accept it, so he killed Huan Chong with his uncle Huan Mi and his brother Huan Ji. As a result, Huan Chong found that they were all exiled to Changsha. In November of the second year of Yuan Xing (403), Huan Xuan proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Jin, established Huanchu, and honored Huan Wen as Emperor Xuanwu, with the temple name of Taizu and Yong chongling.
The main military achievements are Xiping Bashu.
The Eastern Jin regime was located in the lower reaches of Shangjiang River. If it wants long-term stability, it must rely on the upstream Bashu area. Only when the upstream is reliable can the downstream be safe. Shu was destroyed by Wei, and Sun Wu was unable to protect himself. "A stone fell to the ground." This is a lesson from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The strategic position of Bashu region is important, so it is inevitable to eliminate the Han Cheng regime.
In November of the second year of Yonghe (346), Huan Wen led an army to the Western Expedition, and in March of the following year (347), he conquered Chengdu, forcing Chengdu to become the last emperor of the Han Dynasty, and then put down the rebellion of Deng Ding and Chen Wen, the former staff of Shili. Han Cheng regime divided Sichuan for 44 years and died at this point. The victory of the Western Expedition not only made Huan Wen famous, but also provided a solid rear for the Northern Expedition in the future and enhanced the national strength.
Northern expedition to the central plains
When the Eastern Jin Dynasty established Jiangdong, the ethnic contradiction between the southern Han regime and the Han people under its rule and the northern minority rulers became the main contradiction in history at that time. After Wang Dao put forward the slogan of "Recovering China", Yu Liang, Yu Yi, Chu Mao and Yin Hao led troops to the Northern Expedition, hoping to recover their homeland. After mastering the power inside and outside the imperial court, Huan Wen also started his three northern expeditions, which were called "Huan Wen Northern Expedition" in history.
In the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen made a northern expedition to the former Qin Dynasty, and the soldiers pointed at the overlord, forcing the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian to retreat to the inner city of Chang 'an. In the 12th year of Yonghe (356), Huan Wen invaded Henan, defeated Yao Xiang in Yishui and recovered Luoyang, the old capital. However, in the fourth year of Taihe (369), Huan Wen made a northern expedition to Yan Qian, reaching Fangtou, which is only 200 miles away from Yecheng, the capital of Yan Qian, and recovered the vast area north of Huaishui, but it ended in failure.
Huan Wen's three northern expeditions were the practice of Wang Dao's slogan of "Recovering China", which recovered some lost land, cracked down on the brutal rule of the rulers of Bianyi, Qiang and Xianbei, and supported the anti-oppression struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in the north with practical actions, in line with the wishes of the people in the Central Plains at that time.
Seven things about politics
During the Northern Expedition, Huan Wen was deeply impressed by the imperial court's "external difficulties do not meet, internal disadvantages prevail" and once put forward the famous "seven questions":
Searching for the secluded and the secret: In the Jin Dynasty, many people with lofty ideals cultivated their self-cultivation, and "hid their voices on the rivers and seas and rolled on the surface of the noisy atmosphere". According to the Records of the Book of Jin, Huan Wen recommended and visited Mr. Meng Lou, Mr. Qiao Xiu and Mr. Qu Bian successively.
Take a poor scholar as an example: Che Yin's father was just a princess's book, but because he studied hard and could distinguish right from wrong, he was highly valued by Huan Wen and was dismissed.
Reuse the children of middle-class gentry: Digging Tooth was the only aristocratic family in Jingchu, but it was turned into a profession by Huan Wen because of its "erudition and extraordinary writing style".
Respect for the elite of the noble family: Xie An was a famous soldier in the Jin Dynasty, born in the noble family of Xie, and could not live in seclusion in his early years. Huan Wen called him up several times and finally invited him out for reuse. In addition, Justin, Gu Kaizhi, etc. are all children of halls, and they are also highly valued by Huan Wen.
For the newly conquered areas, we should promote sages from "going to the battlefield" and "destroying Lu": after Huan Wen leveled Shu, he incorporated the old ministers of Han Dynasty, Wang Yu, Deng Ding, Chang Qu and others into the army.
daughter
Huan Wen's daughter went down in history with three people:
& ltol class = " \ & ampquotcustom _ num " para-list = " " list-padding left- 1 \ " = " " & gt； Huan Bozi married (born in Taiyuan Wang, the son of Wang).
Huan, married to Wang Jinghong (born to Wang Langya, the son of Jinling satrap).
Huan family, married (born in the son of the satrap, Yin family in Chen county).
Historical Records of the Book of Jin Volume 98 Biography 68.