Tuoba family belongs to the Northern Wei Dynasty.
In 386, the former Qin Dynasty was divided, and Tuoba GUI became king in Niuchuan, rebuilding the country and making its capital Lesheng (now Hohhot and Linger County, Inner Mongolia). In April of the same year, the country name was changed to "Wei", which was called "Northern Wei" in history. In 398, Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu, moved his capital to Pingcheng (now Datong City, Shanxi Province) and proclaimed himself emperor. In 439, Emperor Tuoba Tao unified the north. In 493, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong moved to Luoyang to carry out large-scale reforms.
In 534, it was divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. In the eighth year of Wuding in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (550), Levin abolished filial piety, became independent on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was established. Zen was located in Yuwen Jue in the third year of Emperor Gong in the Western Wei Dynasty (557). The Northern Zhou Dynasty was established and the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty ended.
Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu, rebuilt the country in 386 and divided and ruled it in 534, which lasted for 20 emperors and enjoyed 148 years.
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Buddhism rose, developed unprecedentedly, moved the capital to Luoyang, and changed customs, which promoted the feudalization and national integration of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Tuoba claimed to be a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. The birthplace of the Yellow Emperor is Wei in the Warring States Period, and "Wei" has a beautiful meaning. Therefore, naming this country also includes the continuation of Cao Wei and the confrontation with the Eastern Jin regime. In order to be different from the previous Cao Wei regime, some historical books called it "post-Wei", but because the historians did not call Cao Wei "pre-Wei", the name "post-Wei" was rarely used. Because of its royal surname, it was later changed to Yuan, so it is also called Tuoba.
Tuoba, a Xianbei nationality, originally lived in the vicinity of Daxinganling and Nenjiang River valley in Heilongjiang Province and lived a nomadic life. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, after the Northern Xiongnu was defeated and moved westward, the Tuoba Department, led by the tribal leader Tuoba Jiaofen, gradually moved westward and entered the original northern Xiongnu resident, namely Mobei area. During the period of Tuoba Liwei, Tuoba moved south to Yunyun (now Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia), and then moved to Lesheng (now Helinger, Inner Mongolia), and had contacts with Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty, but at this time Tuoba was still in the stage of clan and tribe alliance.
In 3 15, Tuoba Youlu, the grandson of Tuoba Liwei, helped Liu Kun, the secretariat of the Western Jin Dynasty, to fight against Xiongnu Liu Cong and Luan Xerox, and was named the Duke of the Western Jin Dynasty and later the King. In 338, Tuoba Shiyi established a representative country in its heyday, entered the class society of slave ownership, and gradually became stronger.
In 376, the former Qin emperor Zhao Fu Jian attacked Daiguo, and Tuoba Shiyi was killed (or captured), and Daiguo perished.
The Northern Wei Dynasty founded the country.
Tuoba GUI and the growth of the Northern Wei Dynasty after the water war, the former Qin Dynasty collapsed, and all ethnic groups conquered by Fu Jian became independent and established their own kingdoms. In 386 AD, Liu Xian, the son of Liu Kuren, sent troops to escort You's juvenile Dongdu and Tuoba GUI to fight for the country. Tuoba GUI's original custom of having fewer children was a great threat to Tuoba GUI. All the tribes were shaken and caused chaos. Tuoba GUI's left and right sides also conspired to hold hands to answer questions. Tuoba GUI was afraid, crossed the Yinshan Mountain in the north, relied on Helan Department, and sent people to Mu Rongchui for help. Murong Lin was sent to rescue Xuan and was defeated. Shi Yigui's grandson Tuoba GUI also took the opportunity to restore the independence of Tuoba nationality.
In 386, Tuoba GUI reconciled the headquarters of the former dynasty and held a tribal meeting in Niuchuan (now Xilamulin River in Inner Mongolia), which was the birth of the throne. Shortly after he acceded to the throne, because Niuchuan was remote, he moved the capital to Le Sheng. In April of the same year, it was renamed Wei and claimed to be Wang Wei. History is called "Northern Wei" or "Post Wei" and "Tuoba Wei", and Emperor Xiaowen was also called "Wei Yuan" after he changed his surname to Han.
Unified tribe
The area where Xianbei people live was originally the hometown of Xiongnu. Most of the Huns moved west and south, but not all of them moved west and south, and some of them stayed in the same place. After the Xianbei people came, they merged with the untouched Huns, established a tribal alliance, incorporated the Xiongnu tribes into the Xianbei tribal alliance, and strengthened the relationship between the two nationalities with marriage as a link. In the clan tribal era, tribal alliances can still be established through conquest. Naturally, in this alliance, the status of the conquered and the conquered is not necessarily completely equal.
When Fu Jian attacked Shi Feiyi, Liu, the leader of Tiefu Department, cooperated with Fu Jian to attack Shi Feiyi. After the failure of Shiyi, Liu and Liu Kuren, the leader of another iron-rich tribe, became strong. Fu Jian made them take the river as the boundary, occupying Tuoba's hometown respectively, with Liu Weichen in the west and Liu Kulun in the east.
Liu and Liu Kuren are both southern Huns. Because Han and Xiongnu are close relatives, they married Xiongnu Khan as their eldest daughter, and Xiongnu took Wei Liu's surname. Both Huns married Tuoba Xianbei. Liu Kuren's mother is the daughter of Tuoba Youlu (Emperor Wen Ping). Shiyi married Liu Kuren as his eldest daughter and Wei Liu's daughter.
To revive the Tuoba GUI family, Tuoba GUI must first compete with Liu Kuren and Liu Weichen of Xiongnu for the leadership of the tribal alliance. Liu Kuren accepted Tuoba GUI's leadership, while Liu Weichen waged a struggle with Tuoba GUI. Chen, the most defensive, was killed in defeat, and his son Helian Bobo led the remnants to flee to the south, attaching himself to Yao Xing at the end of Qin Dynasty. Since the south of the Yangtze River, all the departments have been peaceful and captured more than 300,000 famous horses and more than 4 million cattle and sheep.
Tuoba GUI restored the dominant position of the Tuoba tribe alliance in Xianbei and began to develop to the north and south. During this period, the culture of Gaoche and Rouran in the northern part of Tuo's domineering family was more backward, while Houyan was established in the southern part by Xianbei Mu Rongchui.
Tuoba GUI defeated the Gaoche family. Gaoche is a nomadic tribe and a warrior cavalry. Conquering Gaoche clan enhanced Tuoba's fighting capacity.