But the trouble lies in the powerful grace of the emperor. As usual, the emperor will ask local officials about their place of origin, place of origin and resume. To show his concern. Zhang replied that he was from Shuntianfu, but the shrewd Emperor Qianlong recognized the Shaoxing accent.
This was a great event at that time. If it is a local official, it violates the avoidance system; Second, Zhang may take the opportunity to participate in scientific research in Beijing. Although Zhang Tingtai recalled, "Yang lived in Shaoxing with his father for several years, so he learned the local accent."
The dragon was still furious, saying, "If you want to test Heaven, observe its voice and be an official, you should send nine secretaries and science teachers for detailed inquiry. I was introduced to an official and it took me only a short time to revise my resume. I can also distinguish pronunciation. Ministers listen carefully, and it is not difficult to distinguish the voice of the north and the south. All these things have been ignored by ministers, who are ignorant and extremely disrespectful. "
I recognized Zhang's southern accent in just two sentences. Is your "review" for nothing?
What is "review"? This is specially set up to crack down on "scientific research immigrants", that is, "impersonation".
In ancient times, China attached great importance to his native land. Even if their parents and grandparents are senior officials, their children will go back to their hometown to participate in scientific research. In the Qing Dynasty, there were strict regulations on the registration place of exams. Grandpa has been naturalized somewhere for more than 20 years. Only if he has a ancestral grave, a real estate and a house can he sign up for the local exam. Later, only those who have been naturalized for more than 20 years can take the exam.
The purpose of the imperial court to prevent "derailment" is to balance the interests of all parts of the unified empire to the maximum extent and maintain political stability. However, there are exceptions to the regulations. Even if the Guo-zi-jian diploma in imperial academy is from other provinces, you can take the provincial examination in Shuntian. Therefore, as long as senior officials can get their son a imperial academy diploma, they can come to Beijing to take the exam.
Measures to prevent "counterfeiting" were introduced in the Song Dynasty, but at that time, the territory was not as big as that of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the economic and cultural development of various places was relatively balanced, so this regulation was not very strict.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was different. The empire has a vast territory and a large number of scholars, and the development of economy, culture and education in various places is extremely uneven. So it is necessary to tilt the policy in some places.
Deng Yunxiang introduced in the Eight-part Essay of Qing Dynasty: "Juren has been finalized in various provinces. Generally, there are only dozens or zero students. Therefore, the difficulty and degree of the examination vary greatly between the provinces with developed culture and the remote provinces with poor culture. Jiangning, Jiangnan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang and other places have more than 1 10,000 test sites and more than 1 10,000 candidates. The number of participants in remote provinces is small, and there are few pilot places. For example, the median number of places in Guizhou is 36, and that in Gansu is 30. Shuntian, Jiangnan, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces have a large proportion of participants and pilot places. There is a chance of more than one percent, that is, one in a hundred people can be selected. "
Although there are few places for admission in remote provinces, there are few people taking the exam and the education is underdeveloped. For example, scholars in prosperous areas in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces "catch up on exams", which is obviously much larger than this province. Zhili province where the capital is located has
Because the admission of students is based on the county, students are familiar with each other, and it is easy to be reported if they want to "take citizenship". In addition, there is a "margin" system for candidates. Candidates take money and let the "guarantor" be the guarantor. The examiner will call it "someone's guarantor" before the exam, and the guarantor must answer "someone's guarantor". In the event of "false registration", the guarantor will also be deprived of his reputation.
After getting the provincial examination, it is more difficult to prevent "cheating" and can only be dealt with severely.
According to Shen Defu's Supplement to Wan Yeli at the end of Ming Dynasty, the punishment for stealing books in Ming Dynasty was very severe. Wanli 13 years, after having obtained the provincial examination in Shuntian, the topic selection theory rose. It was found that eight Zhejiang Jinshi, including Shi Feng, took the title in Shuntian and ordered an investigation. They were sent to serve the people and imprisoned for life, that is, deprived of the examination qualification for life. Among these eight people, Shi Jichun is very famous. His father was an editor of Hanlin and was also dismissed. Officials were punished to varying degrees.
But the punishment of the dynasty is like an elastic band, and the severity of different emperors is different.
During the Jin and Jia Dynasties, Tao Dashun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, won the top prize in the examination, which was great and out of line. He was convicted and disqualified from jury service. However, this time the court was very kind and did not disqualify him from future exams. A few years later, he got the fourth place in Zhejiang. Then, he became an ugly scholar, and left-leaning officials were censors.
After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this kind of "impersonation" trick still occurred from time to time, and the Qing Dynasty cracked down on "impersonation" as hard as the Ming Dynasty. During the Kangxi period, candidates began to "audition" and used their accents to decide whether to register.
Ten years after Qianlong's reign, Shuntian obtained the provincial examination, and the court appointed the Manchu-Chinese imperial examination to participate in the "phonetic examination", which was called the "phonetic examination imperial examination". However, the parents and grandparents of people who have obtained citizenship are mostly energetic officials, and the "censors" often turn a blind eye and accommodate the people. So there was a scene in which Lord Gan Long denounced the censor for "extremely disrespectful things".